Principle analysis and device development of a novel technology for preventing lockset failure and cable bolt ejection

Most entrepreneurial ventures fail long before the core technology can be brought to the marketplace because of disconnects in performance and usability measures such as accuracy, cost, complexity, assay stability, and time requirements between technology developers' specifications and needs of the end-users. By going through a clinical needs assessment (CNA) process, developers will gain vital information and a clear focus that will help minimize the risks associated with the development of new technologies available for use within the health care system. This article summarizes best practices of the principal investigators of the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering point-of-care (POC) centers within the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering POC Technologies Research Network. Clinical needs assessments are particularly important for product development areas that do not sufficiently benefit from traditional market research, such as grant-funded research and development, new product lines using cutting-edge technologies developed in start-up companies, and products developed through product development partnerships for low-resource settings. The objectives of this article were to (1) highlight the importance of CNAs for development of POC devices, (2) discuss methods applied by POC Technologies Research Network for assessing clinical needs, and (3) provide a road map for future CNAs.

Magnetic stimulation is a non-invasive neurostimulation technique that can evoke action potentials and modulate neural circuits through induced electric fields. Biophysical models of magnetic stimulation have become a major driver for technological developments and the understanding of the mechanisms of magnetic neurostimulation and neuromodulation. Major technological developments involve stimulation coils with different spatial characteristics and pulse sources to control the pulse waveform. While early technological developments were the result of manual design and invention processes, there is a trend in both stimulation coil and pulse source design to mathematically optimize parameters with the help of computational models. To date, macroscopically highly realistic spatial models of the brain, as well as peripheral targets, and user-friendly software packages enable researchers and practitioners to simulate the treatment-specific and induced electric field distribution in the brains of individual subjects and patients. Neuron models further introduce the microscopic level of neural activation to understand the influence of activation dynamics in response to different pulse shapes. A number of models that were designed for online calibration to extract otherwise covert information and biomarkers from the neural system recently form a third branch of modelling.

Solving the problem of the formation of particles caused by the wear of the brakes’ friction surfaces and their release into the environment is of utmost importance. Today, various technologies have been developed that aim to collect particles directly during braking or generation. With the aim of further development of devices and technologies in this paper, the modes and mechanisms of release of the formed particles into the environment are analyzed. Based on this review of the particle release mechanisms, further development of technologies for collecting particles that are a product of friction surface wear is enabled. The mechanisms of particle release are mainly reflected in the fact that they are released during the braking of the vehicle, then by releasing particles during the re-acceleration of the vehicle and the third way is falling of already formed particles from friction surfaces. In this paper, all three mechanisms are explained and analyzed in more detail.

ABSTRACTThere are several technology developments, which should have been completed in CN 65 nm (Commercial node) device development, but passed over to CN 45 nm device development. Seven items relating with damascene process, especially connecting with planarization process, are nominated and introduced herein including new advent technologies as enabling solutions for CN 45 nm. First one is low-down-force planarization. Although there are several planarization technologies such as CMP (Chemical Mechanical Polisher), ECMP (Electrical Chemical Mechanical Polisher), ECP (Electrical Chemical Polisher), CE (Chemical Etching) and those combination technologies, it is not decided which is the best one and how low down force is optimized taking into account of CoC (Cost of Consumable) issues. In this report, all planarization technologies are explained using ‘General Principle governing all planarization technologies’, and allowable down force is suggested through stress analysis and fracture toughness analysis. Second one is direct polish on ULK. There may be two approaches. One is to adopt CMP hard mask which dielectric constant would not be changed by direct polish. In this case, non-uniformity of CMP in this hard mask is important. Second is to polish directly on ULK, which dielectric constant would be changed by CMP, then restoration technology should be discussed at a same time. Third one is Ru liner application. When is this technology required? Deposition for Ru seed and polishing of Ru integration are reported. Forth one is watermark free drying of ULK. Vacuum drying and IPA drying (Rotagoni) which is necessary for hydrophobic surfaces are reported. Fifth one is cleaning technologies for less than 45 nm FM. After CN 45 nm, it is difficult to distinguish several defects such as scratches or FM. In this case, soft cleaning methods such as non-contact cleaning would be required. Cavitation jet as one of non-contact type cleanings is reported with its cleaning results. Sixth one is Co-W cap process. Electro-less metal cap technology in order to enhance EM is reported. CMP after Co-W deposition may be useful in order to clean cap surfaces. Seventh one is starting material such as nanotopography and roll off which would affect on CMP performances.

Internet оf Things (IoT) deployment and security issues are closely intertwined. In this area, there are at least two levels of questions and problems. The first level is the responsibility of governments and international organizations. It addresses the issues of regulating activities in IoT, creating the most favorable conditions for business, ensuring the security of stored and transmitted data belonging to various market players. Security issues include not only identifying various vulnerabilities, but also countering cybercrime and enemy states. The second level covers a wide range of issues related to the development of necessary devices, equipment, networks, their architectures and related software. In addition, issues of power consumption of IoT and power of remote IoT devices, development of algorithms and means of detecting illegal access attempts and countering of them is very important. In terms of providing communication and significantly improving its quality, the development of IoT technologies is closely related to the development of 5G technologies, especially mmWave. The features and advantages of the article include a comprehensive review of all the mentioned issues. Such an approach helps not only deeper and from all sides to consider the situation with the development and deployment of IoT. It also provides an opportunity to assess the development prospects of IoT, communications technology, connectivity and security.

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) represents an exciting advance for the treatment of Barrett’s esophagus. The research work on RFA performed to date has involved a stepwise progression from initial animal studies to human studies prior to esophagectomy, human dosimetry studies, single-center studies, multicenter nonrandomized studies, and ultimately multicenter, randomized, controlled trials [1–5]. This process also led to modifications in the RFA technique and to the development of the focal ablation device. Regardless of the eventual role of RFA, this series of studies illustrates the appropriate steps in the development and application of future ablative technologies. However, this approach may be limited to certain subsets of patients by the high costs required for the development and widespread application of new endoscopic therapeutic technologies. Nevertheless, the impact of this development paradigm in the evolution of RFA is obvious, and both the investigators and the manufacturer of the RFA device are to be congratulated on their achievements. However, in a special article in this issue of Digestive Diseases and Sciences, Fleischer and colleagues [6] make an impassioned plea for the widespread application of RFA to all patients with Barrett’s esophagus regardless of the grade of dysplasia that is premature based on the available data. Let’s take a careful look at the facts, with an emphasis on the application of RFA in patients with nondysplastic Barrett’s esophagus. There is universal agreement that high-grade dysplasia poses a major risk for the development of cancer, and current practice guidelines recommend intervention in these patients [7]. Studies to date, including the landmark randomized controlled trial of Shaheen et al. (ablation of intestinal metaplasia [AIM] dysplasia trial), demonstrate a clear benefit for RFA in the treatment of high-grade dysplasia, ideally with endoscopic mucosal resection of any mucosal abnormalities prior to application [5, 8]. In addition, preliminary results of a randomized controlled clinical trial of circumferential endoscopic mucosal resection versus focal endoscopic mucosal resection plus RFA for highgrade dysplasia and early adenocarcinoma suggest that the two techniques are comparable for the important endpoints of elimination of neoplasia and intestinal neoplasia, but the complication rate for endoscopic mucosal resection plus RFA is substantially lower [9]. Thus, RFA represents a clear advance for the management of patients with highgrade dysplasia. It is important to recognize, however, that a small subset of these patients may still progress onto cancer (2% in the AIM dysplasia trial), and histologic confirmation of complete ablation is never possible with RFA. Low-grade dysplasia has many more nuances, including a natural history that is poorly understood. In addition, the diagnosis is often elusive and not confirmed with repeat endoscopy and biopsies [10, 11]. In part, this may be due to the high degree of interobserver variability in establishing the diagnosis of low-grade dysplasia, and the variable biopsy sampling protocols by which these patients are followed. While the majority of patients with low-grade dysplasia do not progress to high-grade dysplasia or adenocarcinoma, a subset of these patients do progress to a higher-grade lesions. Recent studies suggest an intermediate risk of progression to cancer, with a weighted average G. W. Falk (&) Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 3 Ravdin, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA e-mail: gary.falk@uphs.upenn.edu

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is among the most common causes of death in developed countries throughout the world. It is estimated that more than 3 million people die yearly from SCD, with a survival rate of less than 1%. In the United States, the Center for Disease Control recently estimated an annual incidence of 450 000 sudden deaths,1 with a survival rate of approximately 5%, although this probably is an overestimation. Although there has been a reduction in total cardiac mortality from 728 115 in 1989 to 719 456 in 1999, the percentage of deaths that are sudden has actually increased from 38% to 47%. The increase was greatest in women older than 65 years of age, from 56.3% to 63.9%. This has resulted primarily from an increase in out-of-hospital sudden deaths. There is a comparable incidence of SCD and survival rate in Western Europe.2 The magnitude of this problem can be understood by noting that SCD accounts for more deaths each year than the total number of deaths from AIDS, breast cancer, lung cancer, and stroke (Figure 1). Unfortunately, it is the first presentation of cardiac disease in 33% to 50% of patients and is 3 times as common in men than in women. Figure 1. Magnitude of the problem of sudden cardiac arrest. Coronary artery disease, with or without myocardial infarction, is by far the most common underlying disease for SCD in the western world, being responsible for approximately 75% of all SCDs.3,4 Cardiomyopathies (dilated and hypertrophic) and primary electrical heart disease account for most of the remainder. The two most important risk factors for SCD (ie, those with highest predictive value) are left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) less than 40% and clinical congestive heart failure.3,4 These are followed by significant ventricular arrhythmias (particularly …

Learning English Phrasal Verbs (PVs) is one of the biggest challenges for the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners in higher education in Indonesia that demands a learning method coping with the development of technology and teaching devices. PeVe app is a new platform designed to support EFL learners to learn English PVs for developing their writing skills. The research aimed to discover the EFL students' perspectives on the development of first-level content of PeVe apps in learning English PVs and to get their feedback on its development. Extreme Programming was used for developing PeVe Apps and the last phase of testing was carried out by distributing an online questionnaire to 70 students in two classes at one university with 62 responses. A descriptive quantitative was used to analyze the data. The result shows that more than 90% agree that the apps for learning PVs are supportive and more than 80% agree that learning English using the apps is fun and most agree this app supports them in learning English PVs. From the feedback, several things need to be added to the landing page, material, exercises, and the quiz. Since this app is a pilot project, only one at the Beginner level is available. Therefore, it is needed to develop to the further levels with various pictures, summaries of tasks, and listening materials. Thus, it is suggested for further research to improve PeVe Apps.Keywords— Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), RUU Omnibuslaw, Sentiment Analysis, Twitter.

The activities of the mining industry related to the processing of metal-containing ores are associated with the formation of a large amount of concentration tailings. The latter are stored in tailing dams, which are technogenic deposits containing a large amount of useful metallic components, the reserves of which currently amount to hundreds of millions of tons worldwide. In order to further meet the demand for metals, significant importance is placed on the further improvement of the existing technologies, as well as the development of new technologies for the utilization of ore processing waste. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account that with relatively short storage of tailings (up to 15 years), it is possible to extract from them by flotation into collective industrial products from 35 to 70% of non-ferrous metals. By increasing the storage period, the beneficiation indicators deteriorate, and with very long periods (30 years or more), flotation beneficiation becomes ineffective. With longer storage, the content of oxidized forms of minerals increases, which significantly complicates flotation enrichment. In this regard, the development of technological solutions for assessing the distribution of useful metallic components on the surface and depth of the tailing dam plays a significant role, which largely determines the development of new methods and devices aimed at removing tailings deposits from the decommissioned tailing dam. This is particularly relevant in the case of river-type tailing dam constructed in valley, where the depth of tailings deposits reaches significant sizes and, importantly, after the expiration of the tailing dam's operational period, water practically does not drain from the lying tailings. The latter is due to the high content of particles with size of -0,074 mm in granulometric composition of the tailings deposits, filtration into the body of the tailing dam of numerous spring flows existing on the slopes of the valley, as well as thaw and rainfall. In this article, a method is proposed and a device is developed for removing the lying tailings from a decommissioned river-type tailing dam.

BackgroundAdvanced assistive technologies (AAT) aim to exploit the vast potential of technological developments made in the past decades to improve the quality of life of people with disabilities. Combining complex robotic technologies with the unique needs of people with disabilities requires a strong focus on user-centered design to ensure that the AAT appropriately addresses the daily life struggles of target users. The CYBATHLON aims to promote this mindset by empowering the AAT target users (“pilots”) to compete on race tracks that represent approximations of daily life obstacles. The objective of this work was to investigate the AAT technology development, usability, and user involvement (i.e., application of user-centered design) in the context of the CYBATHLON.MethodsWith an online survey targeting the pilots and technical leads of teams preparing for the CYBATHLON 2020 Global Edition, we investigated to what extent the pilots were involved in device development and how this influences the perceived usability of the showcased AAT. Furthermore, the effects of user-centered design variables on the individual race performances were analyzed.ResultsA total of 81 responses from 35 pilots and 46 technical leads were collected in the two weeks prior to the event. Of all teams partaking in the included disciplines of the CYBATHLON 2020 Global Edition, 81.8% (36 of 44) were included in the study. User-centered design appeared to be a prevalent practice among the teams, as 85.7% of all pilots reported a certain level of involvement. However, only 25.5% of the pilots reported daily life usage, despite QUEST usability scores of both respondent groups showing moderate to high satisfaction with the respected AAT across all investigated disciplines. An explorative linear mixed model indicated that daily life usage (p < 0.05) and prolonged user involvement (e.g., more than 2 years, p < 0.001) have a significant positive effect on the race performance at the competition.ConclusionsWe conclude that the CYBATHLON positively fulfills its conceptual goals of promoting active participation and inclusion of people with disabilities in the design and evaluation of AAT, thereby stimulating the development of promising novel technological solutions. Also, our data could underline the value of the competition as a benchmark, highlighting remaining usability limitations or technology adoption hurdles.

Breakthrough innovations in drug and biologic based therapies as well as technological developments in design and development of medical devices have led to the rapid rise in the use of combination products in the last few decades. The resulting maturity of combination products as a global market category has led to 3 key trends: expanding adoption of medical devices for drug delivery, increasing complexity, and growing awareness of product experience and risk. Adoption of integrated combination product risk management enables robust product development and manufacturing strategies as well as facilitates alignment with regulators for efficient regulatory pathways and predictable outcomes.

Technological advancements have allowed for the design and development of multiple intelligent devices that monitor the health and safety status of workers in the industry in general. This paper reviews and describes the alternative technologies and their potential for monitoring risk situations, vital signs, physical variables, worker positions, and behavioral trends of workers in their work activities in the workplace. A scoping review was conducted using PRISMA ScR in which information was extracted from 99 scientific articles related to these technological advances. The operational characteristics and utilities of devices whose primary function is to control better and monitor worker safety and health were identified. It was concluded that technology strongly improves the acquisition and sending of information. This information can be used to provide alerts and feedback to workers so that they act more safely and protect their health. In addition, technological developments have resulted in devices that eliminate operational risks by replacing manual activities with automated and autonomous tasks.

Technological developments in the area of disease diagnosis have always been key to preserving health. A very marked trend are the rapid and decentralized diagnoses, called Point of Care. This concept focuses on the idea of reducing a complete laboratory analysis in a small device without losing specificity and sensitivity.

Technological developments in protective devices have established the basis for appearance of numerical overcurrent relays (OCRs), which enable the users to apply their desired time‐current characteristics (TCCs). This study propounds novel stepwise and combined stepwise–piece‐wise linear TCCs and presents clear procedure to utilise them for coordinating OCRs in large meshed power systems. The TCCs keep constant time interval between the main/backup relay pairs within entire fault current range. They are examined first by coordinating the OCRs in a 4‐bus power system and by coordinating the ground fault OCRs in a practical 60 kV looped power system. Then, the OCRs of the IEEE 14‐bus test system, which is a rather large meshed power system with 39 OCRs and 102 main/backup pairs, are coordinated by using the novel TCCs. The same relays in the aforesaid power systems are coordinated using some non‐standard TCCs recently introduced in the literature. The comparison verifies that the lowest operating times are achieved by using the novel TCCs. The devised TCCs are simply formed as look‐up tables to be exactly set on the existing industrial relays. This fact is verified by setting them on an industrial OCR, and then, by testing the relay through the current injection method.

Development of YBCO power devices in Japan