Principles and Content of Teaching Future Computer Science Teachers to Develop and Use Open Educational Resources

Abstract. This article explores the possibilities and advantages of using the Python programming language together with Arduino robotics kits in the process of training future computer science teachers in pedagogical educational institutions. Considerable emphasis is placed on analyzing the principles of operation of the simplest programs and devices that can be used to visualize the possibilities of using the Arduino platform and Python libraries to create robots that can be implemented in the educational process and everyday life. The authors have developed the program code and presented a working model of a robot assembled and programmed on the basis of Arduino components to measure humidity in computer laboratories and create automatic plant irrigation systems to maintain proper conditions in classrooms. The article presents an example of integrating the learning of the Python programming language with the use of Arduino robotics kits. This method is aimed at improving the quality of training of future computer science teachers, expanding their methodological arsenal and ensuring the ability to teach students using innovative means. The results of the study and the developed teaching and learning materials will help to interest students in STEM education and prepare a new generation of computer science teachers for the challenges of the modern technological world, expand their methodological arsenal and develop the ability to use integrated technical, engineering and mathematical solutions to solve theoretical and practical problems. In addition, this study can serve as a guide to popularize the use of Arduino and Python in educational institutions, and encourage future computer science teachers to implement STEM and hands-on teaching methods, which will contribute to better student learning and improve the quality of professional education in the field of information technology in general. In general, the study opens up a wide range of opportunities for using modern digital technologies in professional education and stimulates interest in STEM education among computer science teachers and students, thereby contributing to the development of a new generation of engineers and technology leaders. Further research could be aimed at developing specific training courses and methods for integrating the Python programming language and Arduino robotics kits into STEM education. It is important to create interdisciplinary STEM courses with the participation of teachers of computer science, physics, mathematics, vocational education in the IT industry, etc.

Digital transformation has revolutionized the field of computer science, and as a result, education and student training in the field has also evolved. The article, based on the analysis of scientific literature and statistics, reflects the current trends in the training of future computer science teachers in the conditions of the digital transformation of education. In the process of analysis, general trends in the training of future informatics teachers were revealed, such as computer literacy, use of interactive technologies, development of practical skills, and improvement of teachers' qualifications. Particular attention was paid to the specifics of training future computer science teachers in the conditions of digital transformation of education, such as the use of online courses and webinars, the development of pedagogical skills in the use of the latest technologies, and the creation of a creative and innovative environment. The requirements for the competencies of future informatics teachers were analyzed, in particular, attention was paid to the need to possess not only technical knowledge, but also communication skills and the ability to adapt to new technologies and situations. The article highlights key concepts and practices that shape the preparation of future computer science teachers in the age of digital transformation, including interdisciplinary approaches, experiential learning, industry partnerships, and ethical considerations. The article also discusses the challenges and opportunities associated with these trends and provides recommendations for educators and institutions to effectively prepare students for the digital age. Based on the analysis, it was concluded that the training of future informatics teachers needs constant updating and adaptation to the new requirements of the digital age. To achieve success in this field, it is necessary to use the latest technologies and innovative approaches to learning. Summarizing, the article proposes orientation to ensure access to quality education for all students, use of the latest technologies and development of general competencies of future teachers as important directions in the development of training of future informatics teachers. The specified research results can be useful for teachers of higher educational institutions who are engaged in the training of future informatics teachers, as well as for heads of educational institutions who plan to introduce a digital environment and contribute to the development of digital transformation. For this, it is important not only to provide students with the necessary knowledge and skills, but also to create conditions for their development of creative thinking and innovative activities. In addition, it is important to increase the level of motivation of students to study computer science, for example, by using the latest technologies and interactive teaching methods. These approaches will make it possible to prepare future informatics teachers who will be able to work successfully in the modern digital world and will contribute to the further development of digital transformation in education.

В даному дослідженні розглядаються питання модернізації змісту навчання у процесі професійної підготовки майбутніх вчителів інформатики. Важливою передумовою для оновлення освітніх програм для підготовки майбутніх вчителів інформатики є швидкий темп розвитку інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій, виникнення нових міждисциплінарних напрямів, поява нових професій, пов'язаних з активним використанням новітніх технологій у виробництві, а також змінами в структурі та змісті навчання шкільного курсу інформатики протягом останніх років. Стрімкий розвиток вищезазначених прикладних галузей спричинює потребу у підготовці відповідних кваліфікованих фахівців, для навчання яких необхідне оновлення змісту шкільної та вищої освіти відповідно до вимог сьогодення. Таким чином розробка змісту і методичних систем навчання нових дисциплін запропонованих вибіркових блоків сприятиме підготовці педагогічних кадрів, здатних працювати в умовах становлення інформаційного суспільства. Метою даного дослідження є окреслення напрямів модернізації змісту професійної підготовки майбутніх вчителів інформатики відповідно до нових вимог суспільства. В статті запропоновано напрями модернізації змісту навчання майбутніх вчителів інформатики з врахуванням сучасних досягнень науки, техніки, інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій та оновленням змісту шкільного курсу інформатики. Модернізація змісту навчання у процесі професійної підготовки майбутніх вчителів інформатики, його узгодження із найновішими досягненнями сучасної науки та інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій дозволить вдосконалити процес підготовки висококваліфікованих педагогічних кадрів, сприятиме формуванню у студентів значущих особистісних професійних якостей майбутнього вчителя і науковця, а також забезпечить їх неперервний розвиток, професійне та особистісне самовдосконалення.

Abstract.Modern education faces challenges related to the growing importance of information technologies. Effective training of future computer science teachers becomes a key task in this context. The collaborative open learning (COL) system is a potentially promising approach that combines the principles of didactics and modern educational technologies, the research of which is highly relevant. Students have different learning rates and learning styles. It is possible to adapt the educational process to the individual needs of students, which can increase their motivation and learning outcomes. The relevance is also due to the fact that COL revises traditional teaching methods, providing new opportunities for active and experiential learning. The study of didactic aspects of COL can help computer science teachers to reconsider their teaching approaches and adapt them to modern requirements. Thus, the aim of this study is to analyse and justify the didactic foundations of using COL in the training of future teachers of informatics. To achieve this goal, the following tasks are set: to analyse the theoretical aspects of informatics education and didactic principles underlying the educational process. The subject of the study is the process of using the system of collaborative open learning in the educational programme of training future teachers of informatics. The object of the study is students and teaching staff, as well as the educational programme itself and methods of teaching computer science. The study used a comprehensive methodology, including literature analysis, as well as an analytical review of existing practices and pedagogical methods. The analysis of theoretical and practical aspects of COL has revealed the potential of this system in the training of future computer science teachers. The results of the study provide a basis for the development of recommendations on the integration of COL into the educational process and allow us to draw conclusions about its effectiveness.

Gadgets have become indispensable attributes of our lives, but also applications. Using applications simplifies and speeds up users. It is the future computer science teachers who must be able to create their own applications for professional duties, because the possession of tools for creating software products is one of the software learning outcomes of future computer science teachers. The concept of "application" is analyzed in the article. An "application" is defined as a software product that can run on a PC and / or mobile device due to installation or opening by a browser without installation. Types of applications are presented: desktop applications, mobile, web applications. The existing classifications of applications are given, with their characteristics, namely: web application, rich Internet application, Internet application, mobile application, hybrid mobile application, composite web application (mashup). Describes the classification of Internet applications and composite web applications. Examples of web applications are given. Statistics on the use of mobile applications of social networks and messengers, according to which the most popular application is the YouTube application. The author's classification of applications is offered: desktop applications (applications that are installed on a PC), mobile applications (applications that are installed on mobile devices), Internet applications (web applications, applications that do not require installation, but are opened by a browser and a certain mostly use the Internet). The platforms for creating applications are given. The stages of application creation are characterized: selection of the target audience, definition of purpose and functionality, type of application interface, selection of tools for application creation, application creation, application testing, improvement of the developed application. Examples of applications that can be created by future computer science teachers for further use in professional activities are offered: own website, testing system, reference book, application with presentations to educational material and tasks, guest book, forum, etc. The creation and use of applications by future computer science teachers ensures the formation of pupils' interest in computer science lessons, because pupils often use applications for personal needs, rather than educational.

Purpose of research. The purpose of the paper is to describe the possibilities of including tasks for the design, development, use and experimental evaluation of “inverted” educational resources in the professional training of future teachers of mathematics and computer science for the development of their subject-methodical readiness. The formation and development of subject-methodical readiness is the main goal of professional training of future lecturers at a pedagogical university. The process of creating “inverted” educational resources requires from their author quite serious subject and methodological training. Potentially, the inclusion of tasks for the design, development, expertise, practical use and evaluation of “inverted” educational resources in the professional training of future teachers of mathematics and computer science can create conditions conducive to the formation of competencies of future teachers to create a comprehensive educational process in a digital environment. Since, on the one hand, in such didactic means, the educational content should be presented systematized and structured, have logic and hierarchical connections. On the other hand, the problematic issues included in the resources should reflect specific subject educational results in accordance with a given taxonomic model in the curriculum.Materials and methods. Based on the analysis of theoretical and methodological sources, the article substantiates the relevance of the problem of finding new ways and means of implementing additional subject training in mathematics and computer science for both schoolchildren and future teachers in the context of digitalization of education. The analysis of examples of “inverted” educational resources, which are the results of the implementation of project tasks by undergraduate students of the Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V.P. Astafiev, is presented. Through theoretical and methodological substantiation, the main possibilities of including tasks for working with such resources at different stages of professional training of future teachers of mathematics and computer science at a pedagogical university are synthesized.Results. In this study, the problems related to the possibility of including “inverted” educational resources as digital didactic tools in the training programs of future teachers of mathematics and computer science were updated. The authors’ position on the issue of the purpose of such teaching tools in the context of the digitalization of education is presented and substantiated. Examples of the results of the implementation of project tasks by senior students during the 2021-2022 academic year were demonstrated. The key didactic and information technology features, possible tools for creating “inverted” educational resources are given. The definition of the subject-methodical readiness of the future teacher of mathematics and computer science as an essential component of professional readiness is concretized. The possibilities of strengthening subject-methodical training by including tasks for work with “inverted” educational resources are described: analytical – in junior courses when mastering disciplines related to the use of digital technologies in education; project – in the middle courses when mastering methodological disciplines; experimental and expert - in the senior courses when passing industrial (pedagogical) practice and mastering the final disciplines of the professional educational program of higher pedagogical education.Conclusion. On a final note, the results and conclusions obtained in the paper are summarized; the key positions of the authors on the inclusion of “inverted” educational resources in the professional training of future teachers of mathematics and computer science are given. The materials of the article may be of interest to lecturers of pedagogical universities who train future teachers, representatives of schools cooperating with organizations of higher pedagogical education, researchers in the field of digitalization and digital transformation of education.

The article examines the state of training of future teachers of computer science in higher educational institutions of the republic and the introduction of STEM education and the basics of machine learning into the educational process. The materials on the development of special courses and their implementation in universities in these two areas, on the content of special courses to improve students' knowledge, the formation of new knowledge and skills are presented. The implementation of the training of future computer science teachers in STEM directions within the framework of the Erasmus+ program is also being considered.

After piloting an Open Educational Resources (OER) grant program, librarians from the University of Scranton’s Weinberg Memorial Library OER Committee conducted a survey of librarians about the inclusion of library resources in OER initiatives. The survey examined if institutions defined library resources as OER, why libraries chose not to include library resources, and, if included, the types of library-licensed or purchased content. The survey found that most (18 of 27) respondents did not include OER and library resources together and, of the institutions that did, a majority (5 of 9) used licensed library resources in addition to open educational and open access resources. The conclusion of this article looks at the pilot grant program and the OER Committee’s decision to realign and rebrand the grant in light of the survey results.

The recent developments within open educational resources (OERs) and open licensing have generated considerable interest among distance educators since open and distance learning is supposed to be the largest consumer/user of and contributor to OER. In China, given the policy of development and use of elaborate courses, conversion of radio and television universities into open universities, establishment of the China Open Resources for Education, and adoption of Creative Commons by the Chinese government, there seems to be further expansion of OER movement in the country. Against this backdrop, it was imperative to know how distance education/open university teachers use OERs and what constraints they face in doing so. This study reports a structured questionnaire and open-ended interview findings on all the 74 teachers of the Beijing Open University for four variables: awareness, needs, utilization, and constraints. The findings show that while the teachers were generally aware of OERs, they misunderstood all web resources as OER; the Chinese elaborate courses dominated the perception and use of OER; and those who used OER mainly required it for teaching content, relevant research, and for adopting teaching methods. Searching for OER, choosing appropriate OER and copyright issues were the common constraints to effective use of OER. These results have been discussed further in relation to international research studies on OER, the context of Chinese distance/open university education, and the Chinese OER policy.

Introduction. The article studies the problem of developing STEAM competence in undergraduates pursuing their first degree in natural science education. The authors justify the necessity of introducing the discipline called ‘STEAM-approach in natural science education’ into the curriculum. The purpose of the article is to assess the readiness of future teachers of natural science subjects to implement STEAM education. Materials and Methods. The research methodology follows integrative, complex and contextual principles and the essential ideas of STEAM education aimed at the formation of STEAM-competencies in future natural science teachers. The authors summarized existing approaches to identifying key competencies, developed the structure of STEAM competence and designed the syllabus for ‘STEAM approach in natural science education’ discipline. The academic discipline ‘STEAM approach in natural science education’ was integrated in the curriculum of ‘Biology and Geography’ undergraduate programme and tested in the educational process. Final evaluating procedures which assessed the level of developing the components of STEAM competence included the comparative analysis of data obtained by means of questionnaires of teachers and students and the comparative assessment of some components of the STEAM competence in the control and experimental groups. Experimental work was conducted in secondary education settings in the Republic of Belarus and in the Faculty of Natural Sciences at Belarusian State Pedagogical University named after Maxim Tank. The study involved 33 natural science teachers and 70 undergraduates doing their first degrees in the Faculty of Natural Sciences at BSPU named after Maxim Tank. The methods of theoretical analysis, comparison, questionnaire, testing, and statistical data processing were used in the study. Results. In the course of the research, the need for the formation of STEAM competence in future teachers of natural science subjects is substantiated; a system of their preparation for the implementation of STEAM education is developed and justified. The results of experimental work confirm that the effectiveness of training future natural science teachers to implement STEAM approach is determined by academic disciplines, which involve students in STEAM education. Conclusions. The results obtained prove the effectiveness of developing STEAM competence in future natural science teachers by means of targeted method training provided at the first stage of higher education. Teaching ‘STEAM approach in natural science education’ discipline as one of the elements of future teachers’ method preparation for implementing STEAM education contributes to the improvement of their STEAM competence.

The article provides a detailed overview of the conditions, functions of professional activity and qualification characteristics required for graduates of specialty 44.03.01 of the direction “Pedagogical Education” of the Computer Science training profile. The author identifies key characteristics reflecting the levels of normative and methodological support for the formation of analytical skills among future computer science teachers. Attention is focused on the lack of elaboration of the basic educational programmes of some universities in preparing students for analytical work. As a result of the analysis of the content of the main educational programmes of higher education and the requirements of regulatory and legislative acts of the Russian Federation, the author substantiates the need to develop analytical skills among future computer science teachers using modern software tools.

Finding accessible and contextualized resources for Philippine language and literature topics was a difficult task even before the pandemic. Since the onset of COVID-19, obtaining educational materials has become more challenging, and more so with studies on open educational resources in the Philippine context. With these issues, the study initially identified existing and available open educational resources (OERs) on Philippine language and literature. In particular, the paper concentrated on two OERs, namely, Kadluan and Aklatang Bayan. Afterward, the selected OERs were assessed using the principles of fitness for purpose. Kadluan and Aklatang Bayan’s strengths lie in their ease of use, material organization, and user interface. However, the legal aspects of both OERs provide limitations on how materials can be used despite their accessibility. Additionally, both OERs championed knowledge production and consolidation with Aklatang Bayan publishing research and creative works of Sentro ng Wikang Filipino as the publisher and Kadluan serving as a consolidation of open-access works of Filipino researchers. Additionally, both OERs were developed with inclusivity on gender and culture. Meanwhile, the two examined OERs also need to develop the integration of curricular progression, a variety of multimedia materials, and the space for sharing and engagement with and among users. The article is vital because it not only enriches the limited discourse on OERs in the country, but also envisions sustainable, inclusive, and responsive digital materials for Filipino learners in this post-pandemic era. Keywords: fitness for purpose, language education, open educational resources, Philippine language and literature

The dynamic development of modern society dramatically changes the educational orientations and priorities. This is especially true of the higher education system, which must respond in a timely manner to the new challenges for the preparation of competitive future professionals. The renewal of the philosophy of school natural education, due to the need for its correlation with the current level of scientific knowledge, as well as with the realities of the modern world. The relevance of the chosen topic is substantiated by the expediency of applying a practically oriented approach to the organization of the educational process precisely in the preparation of future teachers of natural sciences, as it aims at developing their willingness to further fulfill and improve their professional functions. The article deals with theoretical issues in the organization of hands-on training for future natural science teachers. Besides, it analyzes the concept of “practical training” and “practice” in scientific studies of Ukrainian researchers and highlights the importance of hands- on practice in the development of professional competences. Besides, the article considers the development of special skills in future natural science teachers via hands-on practice as part of professional training in higher education institutions. The obtained results allow one to outline the main issues in practical training of future natural science teachers in Ukraine and suggest effective solutions to them. Also, the article shows how hands-on practice of future natural science teachers is organized and justifies general requirements for practical training of students under a competence-based model. The article describes stages for implementing hands-on educational practice. It defines types and forms of assessment that can be used to identify levels of students’ practical skills, professional experience, and appropriate competences. There appears to be the need to improve educational and methodological support for students in accordance with current reforms in the educational system. The article concludes that practical training, especially hands-on practice, is the axiological basis for future natural science teachers.

In the modern conditions of the dynamic development of the information society, the training of specialists in the field of pedagogy, in particular computer science teacher, becomes especially relevant. The priority task of higher pedagogical education is the formation of a new generation of educators, who must possess not only thorough knowledge of the subject, but also developed skills of social interaction, cooperation, teamwork, freely navigate in the information space, use modern electronic didactic tools, specialist services, information resources etc. The article examines the essence of the concepts «group educational and cognitive activities», «collective forms of learning», «electronic cooperation», «mind mapping techniques». The author analyzed the possibilities of mind mapping techniques as a means of visualizing thinking processes and structuring information. The classification of digital tools for creating mind maps (free and licensed programs and webservices) is presented. Their advantages and features, methodological techniques and basic principles of working with them are considered. The practical experience of using mind maps to activate the group educational and cognitive activities of students is presented. The method of using mind maps in the training of future computer science teachers is proposed, which includes: determining the purpose and tasks of using mind maps; choosing an online service for their creation; acquainting applicants with the basic principles of working with mind maps; their performance of practical tasks using mind maps; discussion of the results of tasks and summing up. Practical tasks and samples of the results of students' joint work on creating mind maps within the educational component «School computer science course and its teaching methods» are presented. It was found that the use of mind mapping techniques is a promising method of activating the group educational and cognitive activities of future computer science teachers, which contributes to the formation in them of the necessary competencies for successful professional activities in the conditions of the information society.

The premise of this study is that teachers’ conceptions of the quality of Open Educational Resources (OER) and their attitudes and motivations towards using OER will influence whether and how they use and or contribute open resources. Understanding teachers’ attitudes, motivations and barriers to OER use and comparing data across institutions may help to identify the issues that influence OER uptake in India. This chapter attempts to answer the following four research questions: How are teachers’ attitudes towards OER situated in the context of teaching and learning? What are teachers’ motivations for using OER and sharing their work as OER? How do teachers perceive the quality of OER? What barriers to using OER do teachers perceive? This study employed a mixed methods approach, using a survey to gather the quantitative data which form the focus of this chapter, as well as workshop engagements and interviews to collect qualitative data. The research was carried out at four universities representing the varying contexts of higher education teachers in India – one state, open university; one dual-mode university; one semi-urban university; and one multi-campus, private university – and amongst the WikiEducator India community. At each university, a three-day OER workshop took place where 30 teachers learned about OER and completed a survey. In addition to the 120 workshop participants engaged at the four universities, the survey was sent to the 107 members of the WikiEducator India community who participated in the research process. Of the total of 227 teachers who were asked to take the survey, 149 survey responses were received, of which 117 (comprised of 43% females and 57% males) were useable. A total of 28 educators from the universities were also interviewed. Despite the relatively low levels of awareness of OER demonstrated by Indian teachers prior to the research process, they were very positive about creating and sharing OER, while being slightly less enthusiastic about using externally developed materials. Many of the positive attitudes stemmed from: the sense of satisfaction obtained when others use and adapt their materials; useful feedback received from peers; increased reputational profile experienced as a result of sharing; collaborative opportunities introduced in the sharing process; and the belief that their own sharing would encourage other teachers to do the same. The teachers were mildly cautious about OER quality issues, but said that they would use OER if they were appropriate for their needs. They acknowledged a number of barriers to using and sharing OER, including a lack of understanding of intellectual property, copyright and open licensing; a lack of time; and the lack of funding, institutional incentives and support for OER activities. The authors recommend that advocacy to raise awareness of OER in Indian universities should be a top priority, with a particular focus on teachers and senior administrators; teachers should be released from certain duties and provided with the time required to engage in OER activity; incentives in the form of awards and/or recognition in promotion should be provided for teachers to undertake OER development; quality assurance mechanisms for OER produced should be introduced; and continuous professional development opportunities should be provided to teachers through regular workshops and training sessions on advanced information and communication technologies and OER skills. The dataset arising from this study can be accessed at: https://www.datafirst.uct.ac.za/dataportal/index.php/catalog/578