Proactive Content Caching Strategy with Router Reassignment in Content Centric Networks Based SDN

With the development of the mobile Internet in recent years, the amount of data in Internet has increased substantially, resulting in more and more serious delivery delay and data cost surge, which has brought great pressure to traditional host-centered networks. As a result, a new network architecture, Content-Centric Networking (CCN), has emerged. Compared with traditional networks, CCN has larger network capacity and lower delivery delay, which can better improve quality of service. Contents are cached in the routers in a CCN. Thus, when a user’s interest packet is passed to routers, the router that caches the content can directly respond to the request. Efficient caching strategies in CCN can not only reduce link load and storage redundancy, but also reduce delivery delay caused by the surge of data. This chapter studies caching strategies in the CCN. In order to efficiently and reasonably place contents in routers and reduce the transmission delay, it firstly proposes a caching scheme based on on-path caching and off-path caching. Secondly, in order to further reduce the energy consumption, this thesis proposes a caching scheme to minimize energy consumption. In the caching scheme based on the on-path caching and off-path caching, we firstly analyze the factors such as the popularity of contents and the history of user’s requests. Secondly, we strengthen the collaboration and the sharing of caching information between routers. Finally, an optimization problem aiming at minimizing the delivery delay is established, and an approximate algorithm is designed to obtain the approximate solution to the problem. The simulation results show that this scheme can effectively reduce delivery delay. In the caching scheme for minimizing energy consumption, we firstly set up a network content transmission model and a storage model. Secondly, through the comprehensive analysis of the content size and popularity of contents, we design the cache scheme to minimize energy consumption cost in CCN. Then, we transform the caching problem to an energy cost minimization problem, which is subject to certain constraints. Finally, an improved genetic algorithm is used to solve the problem. Simulation results show that the caching scheme to minimize energy consumption can effectively reduce the energy consumption, and it is superior to other caching schemes.KeywordsContent-centric networkingCollaborative cachingEnergy consumption minimizationPopularity

The major objective of mobility management is to achieve efficient contents transfer for mobile nodes. Content Centric Networking (CCN), as a content-oriented architecture, is designed for efficient content delivery which can easily provide mobility management based on content caching. Caching schemes of CCN deeply influences the content acquisition efficiency and whole network performance. However, the existing cache policies are relatively stiff and lack of comprehensive consideration in terms of users and contents. As a result, the performance of caching cannot dynamically adapt to the change of users' demand for content items. In this paper, we propose a Classification-Based Wisdom Caching (CBWC) scheme for CCN, which can distinguish the regional correlation of user requests and reasonably organize cache content items according to the need of users in different regions. We evaluate the CBWC scheme and the results indicate that the proposed CBWC scheme can improve the hit rate of cache and optimize the users' quality of experience, which can be further improve the performance of mobility management.

Recently, content-centric networking (CCN) has become a hot research topic for the diffusion of contents over the Internet. Most existing works on CCN focus on the improvement of network resource utilization. Consequently, the energy consumption aspect of CCN is largely ignored. In this paper, we propose a distributed energy-efficient in-network caching scheme for CCN, where each content router only needs locally available information to make caching decisions considering both caching energy consumption and transport energy consumption. We formulate the in-network caching problem as a non-cooperative game. Through rigorous mathematical analysis, we prove that pure strategy Nash equilibria exist in the proposed scheme, and it always has a strategy profile that implements the socially optimal configuration, even if the routers are self-interested in nature. Simulation results are presented to show that the distributed solution is competitive to the centralized scheme, and has superior performance compared to other popular caching schemes in CCN. Besides, it exhibits a fast convergence speed when the capacity of content routers varies.

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have a wide range of applications scenarios in computer vision, from pedestrian detection to robotic visual navigation. In response to the growing visual data services in WSNs, we propose a proactive caching strategy based on Stacked Sparse Autoencoder (SSAE) to predict content popularity (PCDS2AW). Firstly, based on Software Defined Network (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) technologies, a distributed deep learning network SSAE is constructed in the sink nodes and control nodes of the WSN network. Then, the SSAE network structure parameters and network model parameters are optimized through training. The proactive cache strategy implementation procedure is divided into four steps. (1) The SDN controller is responsible for dynamically collecting user request data package information in the WSNs network. (2) The SSAEs predicts the packet popularity based on the SDN controller obtaining user request data. (3) The SDN controller generates a corresponding proactive cache strategy according to the popularity prediction result. (4) Implement the proactive caching strategy at the WSNs cache node. In the simulation, we compare the influence of spatiotemporal data on the SSAE network structure. Compared with the classic caching strategy Hash + LRU, Betw + LRU, and classic prediction algorithms SVM and BPNN, the proposed PCDS2AW proactive caching strategy can significantly improve WSN performance.

In recent years, mobile networks have faced with the increase of traffic demand. By emerging mobile applications and cloud computing, Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) has been introduced. In this research, we focus on the 4th and 5th generation of mobile networks. Data Centers (DCs) are connected to each other by high-speed links in order to minimize delay and energy consumption. By considering a model of the geographical distribution of DCs which uses a wideband optical network, renewable energy and sharing resources for new generations of mobile networks, the real effect of issues on the consumed energy, cost, and profit in the mobile cloud computing are investigated. We derived a penalty function for cost and then by using Lyapunov optimization theorem; we designed an algorithm to minimize the average cost of energy consumption based on the online information in MCC. The time average cost is at most O(1/V) above the optimum target, while the average queue size is O(V). The parameter V can be tuned to make the time average cost as close to (or below) the optimum as desired. We designed three scenarios and two classes of applications to set up our simulation environment. The provided results illustrate the efficiency of our proposed scheme and validate the mathematical model.

The integrated satellite-terrestrial network is promising to provide global broadband communication service. However, the long propagation delay of satellite-terrestrial links will lead to high communication delay when users access the Internet via satellites. In this paper, we investigate the cooperative multilayer edge caching in the integrated satellite-terrestrial network to reduce the communication delay, in which the base station cache, the satellite cache, and the gateway cache cooperatively provide content service for ground users. We first propose the three-layer cooperative caching model of the network, based on which we analyze the content retrieving process and derive the cache hit probability for different caching locations. Considering limited cache sizes, we formulate the content placement problem to minimize the average content retrieving delay of users. Then, two caching strategies, the non-cooperative caching strategy and the cooperative caching strategy, are proposed with exhaustive theoretical analysis. By introducing the concept of delay reduction gains, the optimal caching strategies are obtained based on the proposed iterative algorithms. Finally, numerical results are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed cooperative caching architecture and the caching strategies.

Mobile cloud computing (MCC) is a technique or model, in which mobile applications are built, powered and hosted using cloud computing technology. It refers to the availability of Cloud Computing services in a mobile environment and it is the combination of the heterogeneous fields like mobile phone device, cloud computing and wireless networks. Of all that has been written about cloud computing, precious little attention has been paid to authentication in the cloud. In this paper we have designed a new effective security model for mobile cloud Database as a Service (DBaaS). A user can change his/her password, whenever demanded. Furthermore, security analysis realizes the feasibility of the proposed model for DBaaS and achieves efficiency. We also proposed an efficient authentication scheme to solve the authentication problem in MCC. The proposed solution which we have provided is based mainly on improved Needham-Schroeder’s protocol to prove the users’ identity to determine if this user is authorized or not. The results showed that this scheme is very strong and difficult to break it.

Mobile Delay Tolerant Network (MDTN) is widely applied in several scenarios, especially in suitability for communication without infrastructure. Moreover, caching problem is still a key point of the research. In this paper, we mainly describe caching mechanisms under mobile delay tolerant network, which is divided into two parts, one is cooperation caching mechanism, which has been deeply studied, and the other is content centric caching mechanisms, applied Content Centric Network (CCN) caching technology to Delay Interrupt Network with the purpose of high system performance. Finally, after analysis and comparisons, we give the direction of caching strategy under delay tolerant network.

Content Centric Mobile Ad-hoc NETwork (CCMANET) applies the advantages of Content Centric networking (CCN) into Mobile Ad Hoc Network(MANET) to overcome the drawbacks of low efficiency and unstable in transmission. Caching scheme is one of the key components of CCMANET. However, the caching scheme in CCMANET has not been well explored. In this paper, a novel cooperative caching scheme based on generalized dominating set and local content popularity for CCMANET is proposed. First, a virtual backbone in CCMANET is constructed by generalized dominating set to make the arbitrary topology become two-level hierarchy and a collaborative cache placement scheme between the two hierarchies is designed. Second, we propose a method of computing the local content popularity and a cache replacement scheme based on the local content popularity. Simulation results show that the proposed caching scheme can effectively reduces both path stretch value and server load, and improves the hit ratio compared with the existing caching schemes.

Cooperative caching is an important technique used in mobile P2P networks to improve the data availability. However, the characteristics of mobile P2P networks, such as high dynamic nodes, limited node capacities, unstable communication environment, have bring huge technical challenges to implement coorperative caching. This survey outlines different studies done on cooperative caching in mobile P2P networks. We first generalize the research contents of cooperative caching in mobile P2P networks. Then, we introduce each research contents respectively including their basic ideas, their benefits and possible drawbacks. Finally, we discuss the future development directions of cooperative caching for mobile P2P networks.

Content-Centric network (CCN) provides substantial flexibility for users to obtain information. One of the most important commonalities of CCN designs is the universal caching. It is widely accepted that in-network caching would improve performance. In this paper we propose a cache scheme based on popularity and age aiming at reducing network delay and redundancy. Then we implements the CCN network communication model by simulation. Finally, we verified our scheme has a better performance compared with the traditional caching schemes.

Cooperative caching in the device-to-device (D2D) networks is an effective solution to the problem of offloading data traffic at peak times. However, one of the main challenges of cooperative caching is the selfish nature of the user, and some users only cache what they are interested in and don't care about other people's needs. In this paper, we investigate a physical-social-based cooperative caching framework, considering the physical-social tie as a non-monetary incentive to motivate the data cache and share between users by using D2D communication. Specifically, we first define a novel physical-social tie, combining the physical factors and social relationship. After that, we formulate two mathematical programming models with or without the consideration of indirect physical-social tie, to find an optimal caching strategy with the target of maximizing the social group utility. Moreover, we adopt Six Degrees of Separation to analyze the indirect physical-social tie between users when these social users with direct physical-social tie cannot meet the date request of the user, and then devise an indirect social group formation algorithm (ISGFA) to obtain the indirect social group of the user. Finally, simulation results shows that the caching scheme obtained from our model is efficient and outperforms other caching schemes that without considering the physical-social tie.

Mobile cloud computing (MCC) is the availability of cloud computing services in a mobile environment. By providing optimal services for mobile users, MCC incorporates the elements of mobile networks and cloud computing. In mobile cloud computing, all the data and complicated computing modules can be processed in clouds, and mobile devices do not need a powerful configuration like CPU speed, memory capacity, etc. However, the mobile devices are facing up with many struggles in their resources (e.g., battery life, storage, and bandwidth) and communications (e.g., privacy, mobility, and security). These challenges have a significant effect on the improvement of service qualities. In this paper, a literature survey on the MCC and security issues in MCC has presented.

In 5G mobile network, SDN/NFV as a key technology is widely used in EPC networks. In order to cope with the increasing data service in the EPC of 5G network, we propose a proactive cache strategy based on the deep learning network SSAEs for content popularity prediction based on the SDN/NFV architecture, SNDLPC. Firstly, NFV/SDN technique is used to build a virtual distributed deep learning network SSAEs. Then, the SSAEs network parameters are unsupervised trained by the historical users’ data. Finally, the content popularity is predicted by SSAEs using the data of user request in whole network collected by SDN controller. The SDN controller generates the proactive caching strategy according to the prediction results and synchronizes it to each cache node through flowtable to implement the strategy. In the simulation, the SSAEs network structure parameters are compared and determined. Compared with other strategies, such as the typical Hash + LRU and Betw + LRU caching strategies, SVM prediction and the BPNN prediction algorithm, the proposed SNDLPC proactive cache strategy can significantly improve cache performance.

In this paper we propose a cluster-based cooperative caching scheme for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs). We also adopt a prefetching scheme to complement the caching scheme. A cross-layer design approach is employed to further improve the performance of cooperative caching and prefetching schemes. Cross-layer information is shared among network protocol layers. The effect of network size and the Time-To-Live value on network performance was investigated using simulation. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme improves caching performance in terms of data accessibility, query delay and query distance compared to the caching scheme that does not adopt the cooperative caching strategy.