Probabilistic reliability analysis of future power systems - survey and example

The problem of reliability and exploitation analysis of power systems used in intelligent transport systems (ITS) is extremely important from the point of view of ensuring the traffic safety. The use of advanced electronic devices in ITS systems requires their power supply from properly designed power systems. To ensure the continuity of operation of electronic devices, the basic and backup power supply are most often used. They should have specific values of reliability and performance indicators. Therefore, a reliability and exploitation model of the power system has been developed, taking into account renewable energy sources (RES), such as used in intelligent transport systems. This allowed to obtain dependencies enqabling to determine the probability of staying of the power system used in the intelligent transport system in the specified reliability and exploitation states.

This work deals with assessing the reliability of wind energy sources incorporated into a microgrid system to increase grid stability. As the share of power generated from wind energy continues to increase due to environmental concerns and to reduce carbon footprints, the case study proposed is designing an effective wind energy system for a smart building environment to reduce the burden on the grid. Incorporating wind energy systems into grid-connected buildings increases the reliability of the microgrid system for smart building environments. Applying smart techniques with integrated automation in the built environment can play a key role in decreasing peak demand for load development in smart cities. This can also enhance the overall efficiency of power grids, reduce waste, and enable the effective use of energy resources. Furthermore, researchers are finding new ways to collect energy from renewable sources and power-built environments due to dwindling fossil fuel resources and increased environmental awareness. The analysis of wind-connected power systems has been initiated to satisfy the increasing demand for reliable supply systems by consumers. This has prompted the use of wind energy systems with controlled techniques to enhance the reliability of power systems and reduce carbon footprints generated by fossil fuel-based power systems. Therefore, the main purpose of this work is to understand the economic prospects of wind energy sources for smart building environments, reliability analysis of wind energy sources-based power systems, reduce carbon footprints, and balance power demand through wind energy systems. The Progressive Wind Model Taylor-Sequence Proliferation (PWMTSP) and Innovative Six Parameters Based Progressive Beta Creative Model (ISPBPBCM) approaches are proposed to understand the reliability of wind energy-based power systems in smart building environments. The work also provides an economic analysis of the proposed low-cost wind power system with different capacities for residential consumers in selected geographic location. Eight cases are considered for the proposed effective wind energy system for smart building environments ranging from 2 MW to 32 MW. Hence, the economic analysis of the proposed systems is discussed for residential users. All eight cases are eco-friendly and reduce carbon emissions as these generated units from wind energy sources need not be purchased from fossil fuel-based plants, which increases the reliability of the proposed system. The expected energy not supplied (EENS) in the planned work increases as wind power capacity increases. Loss of load expectation (LOLE), loss of load probability (LOLP), and failure rate all decrease with the installation of more wind power systems. Moreover, it can be seen that mean time to repair (MTTR) improves when wind energy capacity rises incrementally from 2 MW to 32 MW. The proposed method is anticipated to be adaptable to various types of wind energy systems where dependability is a crucial component of system design and scalable to large wind integrated power systems.

Power system is one of the most complex systems ever designed. Determining its reliability is therefore a demanding process, which is mostly dealt with in a way that partial problems are stated and solved. A reliability method of loss of load expectation is selected and improved and the model of conventional power system is considered as a standpoint. Reliability of the initial conventional power system is evaluated. Then, the conventional power system is changed, where one conventional power plant is abandoned and new wind power plants stand to its place. The reliability of the initial and the changed power system is calculated and compared. Discussion shows the problems of decreased reliability of the power system with increasing the percentage of wind power plants within the power system replacing conventional plants, if not enough reserve is added to the power system at the same time. The other related problems are discussed in addition, to show that the problem is very complex and one cannot only consider a limited number of influencing parameters when deciding on power system configurations.

Reliability and economic evaluation of power system with renewables: A review

The reliability of power system will obviously be influenced by wind farms connected because of the volatility of wind power. With the increase of wind power penetration, it's necessary to research the influence of wind power integration on the reliability level of system and how much reserve capacity should we increase in order to stabilize the influence of wind power on power system reliability. In this paper a reliability evaluation model is built by Monte Carlo method and also a reserve optimization model, which can be used to analyze changes of system reliability in conditions of different grid-connected wind farms, and to find out the optimum of system reserve to achieve unifying the maximum utilization of new energy and meanwhile high reliability of power system.

In view of the increasing role of environmental considerations in power generation, there is an evolving body of reliability methods that are cognizant of these emerging factors. This paper presents a method for analyzing the reliability of composite power systems under the constraints of, and emissions. It also utilizes the concept of the shadow price to perform sensitivity analysis with respect to these constraints. The method presented here uses a linearized power flow representation in the form of a linear programming (LP) model similar to those frequently used in power system reliability studies. In addition to power balance and flow constraints normally used, this work introduces a suitably formulated set of emission constraints. The dual solution of the LP provides the shadow prices that are used for determining the sensitivities. This paper also develops relationships for the sensitivities of several reliability indices with respect to the emission allowances. The method is demonstrated on the IEEE-RTS and the results are presented.

Uncertainty parameters of battery energy storage integrated grid and their modeling approaches: A review and future research directions

Effect of a pumped storage plant on the generation reliability of the Taiwan power system

Small power systems such as those found on offshore platforms are fragile; yet, they must operate reliably for economy and safety for personnel and the environment. These systems often include combustion turbine generators for main process power requirements and black-start diesel generators that can supply essential and emergency buses and be used to restart the main generation in the event of a power system collapse. The power distribution systems on these offshore platforms have built-in redundancy with multiple circuits to supply critical loads for fault tolerance and operating flexibility. A system to easily and safely synchronize islanded buses via many possible synchronization points can revolutionize the operational flexibility and therefore the safety and reliability of the power system. This paper reports on advanced synchronizing systems installed on two offshore platforms.

This paper aims to incorporate the reliability model of power electronic converters into power system reliability analysis. The converter reliability has widely been explored in device- and converter-levels according to physics of failure analysis. However, optimal decision-makings for design, planning, operation and maintenance of power electronic converters require system-level reliability modeling of power electronic-based power systems. Therefore, this paper proposes a procedure to evaluate the reliability of power electronic based power systems from the device-level up to the system-level. Furthermore, the impact of converter failure rates including random chance and wear-out failures on power system performance in different applications such as wind turbine and electronic transmission lines is illustrated. Moreover, due to a high calculation burden raised by the physics of failure analysis for large scale power electronic systems, this paper explores the required accuracy for reliability modeling of converters in different applications. Numerical case studies are provided employing modified versions of the Roy Billinton Test System (RBTS). The analysis shows the converter failures may affect the overall system performance depending on its application. Therefore, an accurate converter reliability model is, in some cases, required for reliability assessment and management in modern power systems.

Energy and research on energy systems places a focus on all facets of electrical energy, as well as innovation in energy production and delivery, alternative resources, and efficient devices. Systems and equipment for converting, providing, and utilising energy as a kind of electricity are the subject of research initiatives. Power electronics are now a more integral part of power systems, enhancing quality and efficiency and fostering the gradual materialization of intelligent, efficient energy. Many different types of power electronics exist in power systems. The architectural study of changing electrical transformed from one medium to another is known as power electronics. Fields such as electronics reprocess or recover more than 80percent of the entire of the electricity produced at a world average rate of 3.4 billion kilowatts per hour each year. Power electronics converters, sometimes referred to as power converters or switching converters, are used to process or convert electrical energy. Electricity comes in two flavours: AC power and DC power. The distribution system is divided into AC distribution systems and DC distribution systems based on the type of power it uses. Power system analysis is an essential part of electrical power system design. Calculations and simulations are performed to verify that the electrical system, including the system components, is properly specified to perform as planned, withstand the expected stress, and be protected from failures. Advantages of Power Electronics: High power density electricity. Improved efficiency up to 99% in energy conversion. Because to its efficiency and dependability, switching power supply are also being used in medical devices with acoustically sensitive applications. Power system reliability, in general, relates to problems like service interruption and power outages. This is frequently described as a goal to try relying on codes specifically relevant to the consumer. SAIFI, SAIDI, and CAIDI are common dependability index values for US applications. DEMATEL (Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) They are divided into analysis using the Nonmetal mineral product industry, General equipment manufacturing, Mining and washing of coal, Textile industry, Food manufacturing industry It is the interaction between the factors Visualized and assesses dependent relationships Through the structural model Also deals with identifying important. Power Electronics in Power Systems, Power Electronics in Transportation Systems, Energy Conservation, Heating & Lighting Control and Renewable Energy Integration Power Systems and Power Electronics in Power Electronics in Power Systems is got the first rank whereas is the Energy Conservation is having the Lowest rank. Power Systems and Power Electronics in Power Electronics in Power Systems is got the first rank whereas is the Energy Conservation is having the Lowest rank.

Ensuring the provision of high-quality and dependable power supply to customers stands as a paramount responsibility within the realm of power systems. The concept of restructuring the power system emerges as an efficient approach to deliver economically viable and uninterrupted power supply. The assessment of power system reliability hinges on various factors, with the reliability index serving as a pivotal metric, dependent on both system security and adequacy. To enhance the reliability index, strategically locating FACTS devices becomes essential, a task facilitated through power flow analysis with specified constraints, pinpointing the weakest points through Genetic Algorithm-driven fast-acting device placement. The correlation between DG establishment and the reliability index was meticulously calculated, further bolstered by the introduction of a Derated Forced Outage Rate for enhanced performance assessment. In the pursuit of heightened power system reliability, sequential simulations prove invaluable, particularly in minimizing Expected Energy Not Supplied (EENS) and improving overall system reliability. The results obtained through sequential simulations underscore the effectiveness of this approach within bulk electrical systems. The installation of multiple FACTS devices in the system's weakest areas facilitated EENS computation, coupled with the assessment of related reliability indices such as system frequency and system duration. This approach not only enhances system reliability but also promotes the economic operation of both transmission and distribution.The simulation results substantiate the alignment of power system reliability objectives in deregulated power systems with the required standards, advocating for the restructuring of power networks. The reliability assessments, driven by the optimal placement of DGs and FACTS devices, reveal substantial improvements in system reliability, underscoring the pivotal role of these technologies in enhancing overall power system dependability.

The electric power system reliability can be assessed based on the configuration of the system, based on the reliability of the components of the system, and based on the viewpoint of power delivery to the loads of the power system. The reliability of the power system is defined from its complement, i.e., unreliability. Unreliability of the power delivery to the ith load can be assessed as the top-event probability of the respective fault tree analysis. Consideration of each of the loads can be done as consideration of a subsystem. Evaluation of subsystems represents the input to the evaluation of the overall power system. The unreliabilities of power delivery to the loads of the system are considered as weighted to get the overall measure of the power system reliability. The method bases on the fault tree features. It is described on small examples. The prerequisite for the method development is the representation of the system topology. The nodes of the network and their connections are represented by the buses in the power system and the power lines between the buses. When the system topology is defined, the functional tree of power flow paths is developed. When the functional tree of power flow paths is developed, fault tree is constructed and analyzed. The prerequisite for the quantitative analysis is collection of data about the failure probabilities of modeled equipment. Sources of databases are mentioned. Examples are given.

In electric power systems, the generated power should be equal with the demand and power of network is mainly controlled through generation system. In such operation, the demand is satisfied through changing the generated power and afterward, the safe operation of power system is reached. But during recent years, a new concept has been developed in electric power systems namely demand side management (DSM). DSM is the modification of consumer demand for energy through various methods such as financial incentives and education. Usually, the goal of demand side management is to encourage the consumer to use less energy during peak hours, or to move the time of energy use to off-peak times such as nighttime and weekends. One of the important models of DSM is interruptible loads. Interruptible loads are the right for an electricity utility to interrupt supply to a customer, typically during a system emergency, to relieve short term network constraints up to a couple of hours. Interruptible loads can be deployed in one of two ways. The network operator gives notice of an interruptible load event to the customer, then relies on the customer to reduce their electricity usage; or unilaterally interrupts supply to the customer. In this paper, the effect of interruptible loads on the power system reliability is investigated. A multi machine power system is considered as cases study. Simulation results show the great effects of interruptible loads on the power system reliability.

The electrical power grid is a critical infrastructure that plays a key role in supporting modern society. The reliability of power systems needs to be continuously maintained to deliver high-quality electric services. Due to the tremendous amounts of potential investment demanded for constructing new electricity transmission facilities, electric utilities need economical solutions that can enable them to supply electricity to their customers in a cost-effective and reliable way. Dynamic thermal rating (DTR) and network topology optimization (NTO) technologies aim to maximize the use of existing transmission assets and to provide flexible ways to enhance reliability of the power system. In this study, the DTR and NTO are incorporated into the power grid reliability assessment procedure using the sequential Monte Carlo simulation. Multiple case studies are carried out based on the modified IEEE RTS-79 and IEEE RTS-96 systems, accounting for long-term multiarea weather conditions. The numerical results indicate that with the incorporation of DTR and NTO, the reliability of power systems can be improved. The effect of these methods is especially significant for power grids with lower electricity delivery capabilities.