Problem-Based Learning To Improve Students’ Critical Thinking Skill

The use of problem based learning (PBL) to improve critical thinking skills and Indonesian language skills, to improve students' critical thinking skills, problem based learning (PBL) is the right learning model to use. The purpose of problem-based learning is to find out how problem-based learning can help students in improving their critical thinking and language skills. The subject in this study focuses on how students' Indonesian language skills. Data collection techniques are done by observation and finding references from various research journals. The research method used in this study is quantitative method, quantitative research to try to find out how effective PBL is in improving certain skills, such as critical thinking and Indonesian language skills. PBL model can serve as a useful tool to improve students' critical thinking and Indonesian language skills.

Critical thinking and creative thinking skills are needed to improve the quality and competitive human resources. Therefore, the application of appropriate learning models is expected to stimulate students' critical thinking and creative thinking skills. This research aims to improve critical thinking and creative thinking skill scores using the ASICC learning model. This type of research is classroom action research which is carried out in 2 cycles, with 3 meetings in each cycle. Data on students' critical thinking and creative thinking skills were collected using essay tests on science learning materials. Data analysis was carried out by comparing the N-gain scores in cycle 1 and cycle 2 for students' critical thinking and creative thinking skills. The results of the research revealed that there was an increase that occurred in cycle 2, namely 5.6% in the aspects of moderate critical thinking skills and high creative thinking, as well as in the aspects of critical thinking skills and high creative thinking by 5.6%. Meanwhile, in the previous cycle, these two aspects did not have a high category. Another result found from this research is that students who have low critical thinking skills do not necessarily have low creative thinking skills. This is because students who have low critical thinking skills may have moderate creative thinking skills or vice versa. Thus, the application of the ASICC learning model is effective in improving the scores of critical thinking skills and creative thinking skills of students at Junior High School 5 Kertosono.

This study aims to improve students' critical thinking skills in the subject of Catholic Religious Education and Character through the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model. The background of this research is based on the low cognitive learning outcomes of students, particularly in critical thinking and problem-solving skills. The research was conducted at SMP Negeri 3 Pegagan Hilir with a sample of 12 students from class IX-A. The research method used was Classroom Action Research (CAR) conducted in two cycles. Each cycle consisted of the stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The instruments used included observation sheets and evaluation tests. The research results showed an increase in students' critical thinking skills in the second cycle compared to the first cycle. The average score of students' critical thinking skills increased from 70 in the first cycle to 88 in the second cycle, with a learning mastery rate of 90%. The implementation of the PBL model proved effective in enhancing students' participation in group discussions, critical thinking skills, and learning motivation. This model also helped students connect the concepts learned with real-life situations, thereby improving their understanding and learning outcomes

This study aims to determine the extent to which the use of Problem Based Learning method to improve Critical Thinking Skills of Asthma’ul Husna Class 4B SDN Tambakaji 01. The formulation of the problem is How high is the increase in critical thinking skills of students in class 4B SDN Tambakaji 01 in the subject of Islamic Religious Education and Ethics material Asthma’ul Husna using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model? How can the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model improve the critical thinking skills of students in class 4B SDN Tambakaji 01 in learning activities of Islamic Religious Education and Ethics material Asthma’ul Husna ? Collaborators in this class action research are Senior PAI Teacher Peers. This research is a Classroom Action Research consisting of 2 cycles, each cycle consisting of 4 stages, namely planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The data collection methods used were observation and documentation. Data analysis in this study is by comparing the achievement of grades with criteria for achievement of learning objectives 70-75 and is characterized by an increase in the Classical Completeness Criteria in each cycle. Data collection is done by looking at the critical thinking skills of students during learning activities. From the analysis of the data obtained, it can be concluded that there is an increase in the critical thinking skills of students in the pre-cycle, cycle I and cycle II shows that the critical thinking skills of students have increased, students with scores below Criteria for Achievement of Learning Objectives in the pre-cycle were 52%, in cycle I decreased to 26%, cycle II decreased to 0%. So there is an increase in students in critical thinking skills from 48% to 74%, or an increase of 100%. With this increase, it has shown success in this classroom action research. The classroom action research target on improving critical thinking skills has shown the planned results, namely 85% of active students in the implementation of learning in Cycle II

Background: The low levels of students' critical thinking skills and science process skills in diffusion and osmosis material remain a problem in biology learning. This study aims to develop a student worksheet based on the vee diagram to improve students’ critical thinking and science process skills. Methods: The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model. The subjects were 11th-grade science students at MA Nurul Huda Munjul, consisting of 25 students in the experimental class and 25 in the control class. Instruments included multiple-choice tests, observation sheets, and questionnaires. Data were analyzed using N-gain and t-tests. Results: The developed student worksheet was valid (97.02%) and effectively implemented (90%). Students' critical thinking skills increased with an N-Gain of 0.41 (moderate), compared to 0.05 (low) in the control class. Science process skills also improved to 81.75% (high), outperforming the control class (53.63%). The correlation between critical thinking and science process skills was not significant (r = 0.298 < r table = 0.396; sig. = 0.149). Students’ responses to the student worksheet were in the very good category (85.33%). Conclusion: Thus, the development of vee diagram-based student worksheets on diffusion and osmosis material can enchance student’s critical thinking and science process skills.

One of the goals of learning physics is to help students develop their critical thinking skills. Preliminary studies conducted at SMAN 1 Pacitan show that the learning process is still teacher-centered with the lecture method and providing practice questions. Such a learning process causes the development of student's critical thinking skills to be less well-stimulated. Using e-modules in physics learning is expected to be a new solution to stimulate students' critical thinking skills. This research aims to determine the impact of Problem-Based learning physics electronic module integrated with STEM on students' critical thinking skills. The research method uses a quasi-experimental technique with a one-group pretest-posttest design. Data analysis used the N-gain test to determine the increase in students' critical thinking skills and the t-test to determine the effect of problem-based learning electronic module integrated with STEM on students' critical thinking skills. The sample was selected using a purposive sampling strategy. The samples involved were 34 students of class XI MIPA Senior High School Pacitan. The test was conducted to collect data on students' critical thinking skills. Research data was collected using an essay test of critical thinking skills totaling twelve valid questions with a reliability coefficient 0.70. Before the N-gain test was carried out, the normality, homogeneity, and t-test were first carried out. In the normality test, the data is normally distributed. In the homogeneity test, the data is homogeneous. Based on the paired sample t-test, it shows that there is a significant difference between pretest and posttest critical thinking skills with a sig. (2-tailed) <0.05, which indicates that the problem-based learning electronic module integrated with STEM has a positive effect on students' critical thinking skills. By acquiring an N-Gain score of 0.76 in the high category, the PBL physics electronic module integrated with STEM on mechanical wave characteristics material can improve students' critical thinking skills.

This study aims to determine the distribution of higher-order mathematical thinking skills of students of state senior high schools in Tasikmalaya City in the academic year 2018/2019, to find out whether there is a relationship between mathematical critical thinking abilities with students' mathematical creative thinking skills High School in Tasikmalaya City 2018/2019 academic year. This research is a type of descriptive research using quantitative descriptive methods. The population in this study were all students of Tasikmalaya City Senior High School in class X, class XI, and class XII, ranging in age from 16-18 years. The sampling technique in this study uses a probability sampling technique that is Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling, by taking 2 classes each school. The research instrument used in this study was a matter of high-level mathematical thinking ability tests which are slices of the cognitive dimension of Bloom's Taxonomy with the 2013 Curriculum Dimension dimension consisting of questions of critical and creative thinking skills. The results showed that the distribution of mathematical thinking ability levels in high school students in the City of Tasikmalaya academic year 2018/2019 as follows: a) mathematical HOTS ability with a very good category was obtained by 2 Schools or 20% of all High School Schools in Tasikmalaya City, the ability Mathematical HOTS with the good category is obtained by 7 Schools or 70% of all High Schools in Tasikmalaya City, Mathematical HOTS ability with a pretty good category is obtained by 1 School, namely SMAN J or 10% of all Public High Schools in Tasikmalaya City. There is a significant relationship between students' mathematical critical thinking skills with the mathematical creative thinking abilities of high school students in the City of Tasikmalaya 2018/2019 academic year. with the degree of correlation obtained a correlation coefficient of 0.283 or are in a low category. Keywords: Higher Order Mathematical Thinking Skills, mathematical critical thinking skills, mathematical creative thinking skills.

The ability to think critically is one of the highest levels of ability. Developing critical thinking skills in students is still considered important to be improved in schools so that students are able and accustomed to facing various problems around it. This study aims to analyze the critical thinking skills of junior high school students who are in excellent classes and regular classes. This research was conducted in Bandung Barat. In this study students are given a test in the form of questions with critical thinking skills, the problem is used to compare between the superior class and ordinary class. Assessment of the problem using several factors of critical ability include 1) students can not understand the problem correctly, 2) students rush in doing the problem, 3) the students cannot choose the problem-solving strategy correctly and 4) the students work on the problem systematically. Then the matter of critical thinking skills of mathematics is analyzed using quasi-experimental research method to analyze students' critical thinking ability that influence learning result. This study shows the differences in critical thinking ability of junior high school students who are in excellent class and ordinary class. This study shows that superior classes are better in mathematical critical thinking ability than a regular class. The results of this study can add knowledge about critical thinking mathematics junior high school students who are in the class and ordinary class and used to facilitate for educational practitioners in the development of critical mathematical thinking skills.

One of the provisions of student to be able to answer the challenges of the 21st century is to be able to integrate critical and creative thinking skills in solving problems. The purpose of study was to determine the increase in integration of students’ critical and creative thinking through HOTS questions using the Self-Organized Learning Environments model in the Counting Rules learning topic at SMA Negeri 1 Yogyakarta. This classroom action research was carried out in two cycles, in which cycle consisted of planning, action, observation, and reflection. This study uses three stages in the SOLE model, namely Question, Investigate, and Review. Giving inquiry questions followed by the application of students’ knowledge in interesting and directed tasks in the student worksheets to increase curiosity and provoke students to start using their critical thinking skills. Solving LOTS, MOTS, and HOTS problem solving gradually train students to integrate critical and creative thinking skills. Each group presents the results of their exploration and investigation to improve the integration of critical and creative thinking skills of students. The result of observations on integration of critical thinking show that 15,63% of students are in very high criteria and 84,73% in high criteria. The same result is shown in the integration of creative thinking skills. The achievement test of student learning outcomes in the aspect of knowledge and skills is 87,50%. In this study also obtained the result of the implementation of learning is 93,33%. This research concludes that there is an increase in the integration of students’ critical and creative thinking skills in the Counting Rules.

This study aims to determine students' critical thinking skills through an inquiry learning model with problem based learning. This research is classroom action research. The subjects of the study were all class VIII students of SMP Negeri 2 Rumbia, totaling 2 groups with 15 students in one group in accordance with the limited face-to-face learning rules in the era of the covid 19 pandemic. The test instrument used was in the form of open questions (essay form) according to the grid. test. Critical thinking skills that are measured are identifying and formulating problems, giving arguments, making deductions, conducting inductions, evaluating, and deciding and carrying out actions. The results showed that the Problem Based Learning learning model with Inquiry was effectively used to improve students' critical thinking skills. Students' critical thinking skills have increased from cycle 1 to cycle 2 with an average pretest score of 50.25, while the posttest average score is 87.48. There was a significant increase in students' critical thinking skills in cycle 2 who were taught using the Problem Based Learning learning model with Inquiry, namely 37, 23

This study aims to analyze the critical thinking skills and problem-solving skills, analyzing whether the improvement of critical thinking skills and problem-solving skills that are taught by the problem-based learning model using mind map better than students who are taught by conventional learning. This research is a quasi-experimental research with two group pretest-posttest design. The research population is all students of class X SMA Negeri 2 Bandar (senior high school) in first semester, academic year 2017/2018. The study sample was taken randomly consisting of 64 students. Class X MIPA-1 is an experimental class, consisting of 32 students with learning problem model learning using mind map. Class X MIPA-3 is a control class consisting of 32 students using conventional learning. The research instrument uses essay test of critical thinking skills and problem-solving skills that have been declared valid. Data analysis using statistical t-test. The results showed that the average value of critical thinking skills and problem-solving skills using conventional learning was 61.09 and 61.88 were in a low category while the students applying the problem-based learning model using mind map were 75.78 and 77.56 are in the moderate category. The result of hypothesis testing using independent sample t-test shows that each significance value (sig) <0.05 is 0.00 then H 0 is rejected, it means that the skills of critical thinking and problem-solving skills of students who are treated with problem-based learning model using mind map is better than conventional learning, so it can be concluded that there is the effect of problem based learning model using mind map to improve critical thinking skills and problem-solving skills

Active and innovative learning is crucial in improving students' critical thinking skills, especially in science learning at the elementary level. The Problem Based Learning (PBL) model is an effective approach to stimulate critical thinking, analysis, and problem-solving skills in fifth-grade students. This study aims to describe the implementation of the PBL model in science learning to improve fifth-grade students' critical thinking skills. The approach used is a literature study by collecting data from various written sources such as scientific journals and relevant publications regarding the application of technology and innovative learning models. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of the PBL model can increase students' learning motivation and critical thinking skills, while also assisting teachers in creating an interesting and enjoyable learning atmosphere. Thus, the PBL model can be an effective solution in developing students' higher-order thinking competencies in an educational era that demands creativity and innovation.

This study is aimed at determining the effectiveness of the use of a science textbook integrated with the local potentials of bakpia in improving the critical thinking and communication skills of the junior high school students. The study was a quasi-experiment with a pretest-posttest control group research design. The experiment and control groups were taken by cluster random sampling by considering the location of the school, which is within proximity of the local potentials in question. The study was conducted in the 7 th grade, at one of the junior high schools in Yogyakarta, both for the experiment and control classes. The research instruments were an open-reasoned multiple-choice test and observation sheets to obtain data on students’ critical thinking skills and communication skills. Data analysis was done by the Manova difference test assisted by the SPSS 2.0 computer program with a significance value lower than 0.05. Results showed that the value of the partial Eta squared from the Manova test was 0.981, indicating that the effectiveness of the science textbook integrated with the bakpia local potentials to improve students’ critical thinking and communication skills was in the “high” category. The test of between subject effects of the Manova test showed a significant value of students’ critical thinking and communication skills of less than 0.05. Therefore, it can be said that the science textbook was effective in increasing students’ critical thinking and communication skills, simultaneously. A limitation to the study can be in the fact that the study is not conducted directly in the bakpia factory and that it involves only 60 subjects for both the experiment and control groups. The integrated textbook of bakpia local potentials can be used as a reference for future researchers with other local potentials. The local potential integrated book can also become an alternative-learning mode, e.g.: based on STEM, with materials suitable for local potentials in other regions.

This Classroom Action Research (CAR) aims to improve the critical thinking skills of Grade X students at SMK Pertukangan Santo Yusup by applying the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model. The background for this research is the previously low critical thinking skills of students, who tended to be passive and less actively involved in the learning process. The method used is Classroom Action Research (CAR) divided into two cycles, Cycle I and Cycle II, covering the stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. In the first cycle, observation results showed that most students were still in the low category of critical thinking skills, with only a few reaching the "Proficient" category. After improvements in the second cycle, there was a significant increase. The number of students able to think critically in the "Proficient" category rose to 47%, and many students began to analyze, evaluate, and argue more effectively. The study also proved that the application of PBL increased students' active involvement in learning. They became more engaged in group discussions, problem-solving, and independent problem analysis. The classroom atmosphere also became more dynamic, with more positive interactions between students and between students and teachers. In conclusion, the PBL model is effective in improving students' critical thinking skills. The recommendations are to strengthen the implementation of PBL, develop relevant learning materials, provide sufficient time for learning, and conduct regular evaluations to ensure continuous improvement. With proper implementation, PBL can be further developed to help students hone their critical thinking skills.

This study aims to develop an e-module based on the CinQASE learning model supported by Flip PDF Professional and evaluate its effectiveness in improving students' Individual Critical Thinking (InCT) and collaborative skills in Momentum and Impulse materials. This study employed an R&amp;D approach based on the 4D development model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate), comprising four main stages. In the Define stage, a needs analysis was conducted to identify the essential competencies and materials aligned with the curriculum and students' needs. The Design stage focused on designing the e-module structure, determining learning strategies, and compiling learning components, including worksheets and supporting media. The Develop stage included product development, validation by subject matter and media experts, and revisions based on feedback to ensure content quality and suitability. The Disseminate stage was conducted through limited and extensive trials to assess the practicality, readability, and effectiveness of e-modules in real-world learning contexts. Research instruments included expert validation sheets, student and teacher response questionnaires, collaborative activity observation sheets, and InCT tests to assess individual improvements in critical thinking skills. The results showed that the e-module had very high validity across construct, content, graphics, electronic media, materials, presentation, and language, and was considered practical and easy to use by both students and teachers. N-Gain analysis indicated a significant increase in all InCT indicators, from the moderate category in limited tests (0.40–0.45) to the high category in extensive tests (0.68–0.74). Collaborative activities through CinQASE indicator-based worksheets proved effective in encouraging active participation, critical discussion, and peer evaluation. These findings indicate that CinQASE-based e-modules supported by Flip PDF Professional serve as effective interactive learning media for improving students' critical and collaborative thinking skills, while also providing an engaging, flexible, and accessible learning tool for both teachers and students. Keywords: CinQASE, e-modul, Flip PDF, critical thinking skills, collaborative abilities, momentum, and impulse.