Process Development for Carbon/Epoxy Prepreg Laminates with Magnetically Aligned CNT Interlayers

EUV lithography is currently the favorite and most promising candidate among the next generation lithography (NGL) technologies. Decade ago the NGL was supposed to be used for 45 nm technology node. Due to introduction of immersion 193nm lithography, double/triple patterning and further techniques, the 193 nm lithography capabilities was greatly improved, so it is expected to be used successfully depending on business decision of the end user down to 10 nm logic. Subsequent technology node will require EUV or DSA alternative technology. Manufacturing and especially process development for EUV technology requires significant number of unique processes, in several cases performed at dedicated tools. Currently several of these tools as e.g. EUV AIMS or actinic reflectometer are not available on site yet. The process development is done using external services /tools with impact on the single unit process development timeline and the uncertainty of the process performance estimation, therefore compromises in process development, caused by assumption about similarities between optical and EUV mask made in experiment planning and omitting of tests are further reasons for challenges to unit process development. Increased defect risk and uncertainty in process qualification are just two examples, which can impact mask quality / process development. The aim of this paper is to identify critical aspects of the EUV mask manufacturing with respect to defects on the mask with focus on mask cleaning and defect repair and discuss the impact of the EUV specific requirements on the experiments needed.

This article presents a multi-level modelling approach for supporting the management of evolving new product development (NPD) processes. Following its articulation, an example of implementing process changes during the development process is presented. Such changes cannot be modelled by existing design/dependency structure matrix (DSM) approaches. A conceptual change in the product design occurs during the development process, in order to standardise the product components, and yields changes in the process plans that are simulated for decision-making. Implementation implications of dynamic changes to a development process are demonstrated, including business rules used to choose between process change options, while considering iteration learning effects. From the demonstration, it becomes clear that either DSM or Petri nets alone do not offer complete modelling capabilities for NPD processes and a multi-level approach must be adopted. Such a complete cycle of modelling would start from product knowledge through the DSM and DSM nets, which are process scheme models, with potentially additional patterns, and would end with a simulation in order to obtain insight into the dynamic changes in the process planning.

Agile development processes such as Scrum have been successfully applied in the software industry for many years. Based on experience, industrial practitioners indicate three predominant benefits of agile development processes compared to traditional software development processes. First of all, development results better fit customers’ and other stakeholders’ needs. That is because they are intensively involved in the development process by receiving, applying and assessing functional software increments in a defined cadence throughout the development process. Secondly, agile development processes better cope with unexpected changes in the development process due to the built-in process flexibility. Lastly, development speed has significantly increased in most of the agile software development projects, resulting in a shorter time-to-market. Especially in the context of radical innovations for technical systems, manufacturing companies are striving for approaches to optimize their development processes in a similar direction. Traditional plan-oriented development approaches such as VDI 2221 or Cooper’s Stage-Gate Process turn out to be insufficiently customer oriented, too inflexible and project duration is usually too long to reach an adequate time-to-market. For that reason, a large community in academia and industrial practice is developing and implementing approaches to adapt agile software development practices for the development of technical systems. However, a current study in industrial practice reveals that out of 23 objectives, that are expected when introducing agile development processes to technical systems, the three objectives mentioned above, show the largest negative deviations from expected benefit to realized benefit. Therefore, the overall goal of this research is to address these gaps by developing an explicit methodological approach for an agile development of technical systems. It turns out, that mainly the role of prototyping and the way product specifications are handled during the development process change significantly in the course of introducing agility to development of technical systems. Agile practitioners strive to not necessarily define product specifications comprehensively upfront, as it is postulated in plan-oriented development processes. In contrast, product specifications, which are of major importance to the overall development project, are specified and validated with customers and other stakeholders in early prototypes. Therefore, prototypes are realized in a defined cadence throughout the development process to gradually specify and validate the product. However, the way product specifications are prioritized and selected in the development of technical systems has to differ substantially from the general way Scrum or other existing agile development processes propose. That is because technical systems are characterized by multiple technical interrelations, resulting in informational dependencies for the development process. For that reason, a prioritization along criteria such as customer value, development effort and risk seems too narrow in the context of technical systems. In fact, the prioritization of product specifications has to consider both, the value being generated by their realization as well as the informational dependencies towards other specifications. Furthermore, when designing a prototype, time constraints need to be particularly considered due to lead times in parts delivery and prototype production. Therefore, this paper introduces a methodology to prioritize and select technical design parameters in agile development processes. The methodology can be applied in the cyclical sprint planning that aims at defining the scope of the next prototype to be developed. As outlined above, the major paradigms of value generation, informational dependencies as well as lead-time and effort are crucial when adapting agile for technical systems and are consequently implemented in the methodology. These paradigms are operationalized to explicitly address the mentioned major objectives of agile development processes, which are currently showing are large gap between expected benefit and realized benefit in industrial practice. The methodology is applied to the real development process of an RGB laser light source for digital cinema projectors, which is summarized as a case study in the paper. Insights from this application are equally discussed as the resulting next steps in further developing and aligning the methodology to the needs of industrial practice.

Fierce competition and more demanding needs for customer oriented services have been instigated service organizations to apply new approaches for service design and delivery. Private banking systems are one of the most important parts of service organizations. The efforts in grasping more financial resources by private banks versus governmental banks as well as growth in customers' needs for effective services have enforced private banking managers for using new service design and development process in Iranian private bank systems. New Service design and Development (NSD) process providing the lower cost and higher benefit methods for creation of competitive advantage in global banking systems. In this paper the effective determinants in new service development process of Iranian private Banks has been identified. The qualitative data was collected through interviews. The methodology is adapted from in-depth interviews with academic experts and managers of private banking systems until theoretical saturation state achieved. The gathered data was analyzed using axial and open coding methods. The results shows that the NSD process Iranian private banking systems is consist of four main stages and 28 axial factors and 52 secondary factors. The main factors are includes of analysis& new concept development, design, pilot and launch, development stages. Eventually, the results of this paper can be used for the new services development process in the private banking systems of a competitive environment at the other countries.

Human factors in the design of medical devices – Approaches to meeting international standards in the European Union and USA

Economies (ISSN 2227-7099) is a new international, peer-reviewed open access journal for the academic fields of development economics and macroeconomics. While the latter seems to be clearly defined, development economics is not, because it is related to nearly all traditional economic sub-disciplines such as macroeconomics, international trade and finance, as well as microeconomics and public finance. Typically, academic field journals of development economics cover all those economic sub-disciplines. Economies instead focuses mainly on the macroeconomic perspective of economic development and it intends to publish academic research that is of strong macroeconomic policy relevance. In general, contributions in Economies should foster understanding of the macroeconomic process of economic development, with the process of development not exclusively being reserved to what we typically call developing countries. Also, the group of developed economies is still developing in the sense of improving their living standards further. [...]

The theory of the process of the coming of Islam to Indonesia have been assessed and expressed by many experts. Stages of the process in Nusantara is divided into three phases, the process of arrival in the 7th century, the deployment process in the 11th century and the process of development in the 13th century. It also gives influence on the process of arrival, distribution and development of Islam in South Kalimantan. This paper is a review of the literature that gives an overview on the islamization of the South Kalimantan covering the arrival, distribution and development at the 15th century until the 17th century.

The process of drug development and the introduction of a new product to the marketplace can be viewed as a regulatory exercise. The regulatory affairs professional, by virtue of her/his understanding of regulatory agency standards and requirements, has, perhaps more than anyone else involved in drug development, the opportunity to add substantial value to the overall process of developing a new product. Inasmuch as regulatory agency expectations and requirements are continually evolving, it is incumbent on the regulatory affairs professional to continually and aggressively monitor the regulatory environment in order to identify relevant items which may impact drug development. The regulatory environment which must be monitored goes far beyond the law, the implementing regulations, or regulatory agency-issued guidelines. The scope of the regulatory environment is so broad that gathering regulatory intelligence requires a significant amount of time and effort. Information on evolving regulatory agency stan...

Urgency of the research. A municipality is an autonomous and independent from other state administration institution. The process of development that is being implemented by a district is a set of qualitative and quantitative transformations aimed at increasing the satisfaction level of the collective and individual needs of its inhabitants. Target setting. The evaluation of the action of local government should be directed at the utilization of endogenous potential. The results of the analysis should allow identifying the peripheral areas or key actions. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Scientific work of M. Bilski, M. Holstein-Beck, K. Cameron, R. Griffin, A. Hamroll, M. Kachniarz, P. Dziekanskigo, B. FIlipiak, S. Owsiak, - indicate the effectiveness of the action of local self-government and the measures to evaluate it. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. The process of social and economic development carried out by the municipality is a set of transformations aimed at meeting the needs of the local community. One of the fundamental factors of the development process is the economic base of individual units. The research objective. The aim of the study is to analyze the spatial diversification of economic efficiency of municipalities in the Świętokrzyskie voivodship in 2010 and 2015. The analysis is both static and dynamic. The source of statistical information was GUS Local Data Bank. The statement of basic materials. The synthetic measure indicates the poor financial performance of the surveyed units. Both in 2010 and 2015 the best unit turned out to be Sitkówka-Noiny 0,495 - 0.472. At the end of the ranking were respectively Dwikozy 0.239 - 2010; Bliżyn 0.257 - 2015. Conclusions. The indicated method provides information about the category of the object under consideration. The value of the measure depends on the economic character of the region as well as financial autonomy, level of own income, local taxes or infrastructure. Data received depend on the number and type of accepted variables to be tested.

In this chapter, the process of development and validation of a scale to quantify trust in physicians in the local healthcare setting is described. The scale development process has been informed by both the classical test and item response approaches. At the end of the process of scale development and validation, we identified a 12-item trust in physician scale. The chapter also presents evidence of further validation of the scale in which its ability to discriminate between those who trust and those who do not was clearly brought out. There is a need to use this scale more extensively and test its performance across different population groups.

The purpose of this research is to determine and analyze the Collaborative Governance Process in Agrotourism Development in Palembang City (Case Study of Sungai Jawi Educational Agrotourism, Sungai Selincah Village, Kalidoni District in Palembang City). The research method used in this research is a qualitative research method. According to Dermadi (2013:153), the research method is a scientific method for obtaining data with several useful purposes. The scientific method refers to research activities that are based on scientific principles, namely rational, experimental, and systematic. Based on the explanation above, it can be concluded that the research method is a scientific method for obtaining data with certain purposes and applications. Based on the results of research regarding the Collaborative Governance Development Process in Palembang City (case study of Sungai Jawi Educational Agrotourism, Kalidoni District), the Collaborative Governance Process in the development of Jawi River Educational Agrotourism has been carried out through the stages of face to face dialogue, trust building. trust), commitment to the process (commitment to the process), and intermediate outcomes (intermediate results achieved) which have been implemented well.

Twenty cultured yellowtails Seriola quinqueradiata, received each ten anchovy worms orally at Suge in Ehime prefecture (August 1, 1968) and 140 bladder worms were recovered from the body cavities of the fishes on autopsy after 5, 10, 14, 20, 25, 27, 29 and 32 days. The microscopic and histological ovservations of the process of scolex development on 69 bladder worms fixed gave the following results. 1) The scolex developed from the basement anlage of “the borer” of the anchovy worm. 2) The process of the development was as follows: First the basement anlage protruded (Fig. 1); inner walls of the lumen adhered each other and the lower spreading area of the lumen changed into a cavity. Musclar fibers moved from the surrounding areas of the lumen into the anlage (Fig. 2); The anlage grew bigger in the cavity (Fig. 3); Differentiation of organs became recognizable after ten days (Fig. 4); Next the scolex with organs well developed but still small in size was formed after 20 days (Fig.5); The development of scolex was completed after 25 days (Fig. 6). 3) Invagination of the scolex was not observed. 4) The rate of scolex formation determined on 28 specimens 32 days after infection was 82.1% (Table 1).

PII: S0029-6554(03)00173-8

During all periods of male ontogenesis, physiological processes responsible for the correct functioning of reproductive organs and spermatogenesis are under the influence of various factors (neuro-humoral, genetic, and paratypical). Recently, the attention of researchers has increasingly turned to the study of epigenetic factors. In scientific publications, one can increasingly find references to the direct role of microRNAs, small non-coding RNAs involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, in the processes of development and functioning of reproductive organs. Although the role of microRNAs in the reproduction of mammals, including humans, has been intensively studied, this area of knowledge in birds remains under-researched and limited to single experiments. This is likely due to the unique features of embryogenesis and the structure of the avian reproductive system. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the role of microRNAs in avian reproduction. Insight into the molecular basis of spermatogenesis in Gallus gallus domesticus is provided. Data on the functions and mechanisms by which microRNAs influence the processes of growth, development, and formation of rooster germ cells that determine the necessary morphofunctional qualitative characteristics of mature spermatozoa are summarized. Particular attention is paid to miRNA biogenesis as an important step affecting the success of spermatogenesis, as well as the role of miRNAs in avian sex differentiation during early embryogenesis. The modern literature sources systematized in this review, revealing the questions about the role of miRNAs in the reproductive function of birds, create a theoretical basis and define new perspectives and directions for further research in this field.

This project is aimed at development of a process that, by using ultra fine magnetite suspension, would expand the application of heavy media separation technology to processing fine, {minus}28 mesh coals. These coal fines, produced during coal mining and crushing, are separated in the conventonal coal preparation plant and generally impounded in a tailings pond. Development of an economic process for processing these fines into marketable product will expand the utilization of coal for power production in an environmentally acceptable and economically viable way. This process has been successfully researched at PETC but has not been studied on a continuous bench-scale unit, which is a necessary step towards commercial development of this promising technology. The goal of the program is to investigate the technology in a continuous circuit at a reasonable scale to provide a design basis for larger plants and a commercial feasibility data.