Project Management

Adequate nutrition is vital to children’s growth and development. Globally, about 155 million children were stunted. About half of the child's mortality was related to child malnutrition in developing countries, including Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of stunting, feeding practice, and associated factors among children age 6 to 59 months in Zeway Dugda district in 2019. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 783 children age 06 to 59 months selected with a multistage sampling technique. The data was entered, coded, and summarized using EPI INF-07 statistical software and analyzed by using SPSS version 21. Anthropometric measurements were taken by using calibrated equipment and analyzed with WHO-Anthro version 3.2.2 software. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to see the association of each category of a variable with the outcome variable. Significance was checked at 95% CI with a p-value <0.05. The prevalence of stunting was 46.2% (of them, 30.4% severely stunted and 15.8% moderately stunted). Only 41% of the children had good IYCF practice as of WHO recommendation. Children’s who born from young age mothers [AOR=2.02, 95% CI (1.37, 2.97)], who were fed breast milk below 24 months [AOR = 1.75, 95% CI (1.18, 2.58)], who were from large family [AOR = 1.57, 95% CI (1.13, 2.19)], whose mother started FANC after 28 weeks of GA [AOR = 2.66, 95% CI (1.04, 6.78)], who were cared with other guardian [AOR = 2.42, 95% CI (1.00, 5.81)], whose weight for height below -2 Z-Score [AOR = 5.76, 95% CI (2.24, 15.58)], and whose MUAC < 125 mm [AOR = 1.71, 95% CI (1.15, 2.53)] were positively associated with stunting. Stunting was a highly prevalent problem with a low level of IYCF practice in the study area. This finding accentuates the need for increasing awareness of mothers about appropriate AMIYCF, family planning utilization, child care practice, early initiation of FANC, and delaying young age birth to prevent stunting. Key words: Stunting, 6-59 months of age children, adolescent maternal infant young child feeding (AMIYCF), Zeway Dugda Woreda, Ethiopia.

Background: Scabiesis a contagious disease, initial observation indicates that patients with scabies are foundin Olak Kemang Health Center Area, Jambi City. Scabies in human could be affected by human factors, environmental and health services Objective : This study aimed to identify risk factor related to scabies incidence at Olak Kemang Health Center Area, Jambi City Method: This research was an analytic observational study, using a case-control study design. The variable measured wereage, education level, economic status, knowledge, personal hygiene, contact history with scabies patients, humidity and occupancy density. The study population were people that live in Olak Kemang area. There were 44 case sample in this study. As a control group, there were 44 people that is not asufferer of scabies in Olak Kemang Area taken randomly. Data were collected by questionnaire and processed by univariable analysis, bivariable analysis using Chi-square statistic test and multivariable analysis with logistic regression. Result : Research results showed that there was significant relationship as a risk factor between scabies incidence and age, education level, economic status, knowledge, personal hygiene, contact history with scabies patient and occupancy density. There was no relationship between scabies incidence and room humidity factor. Conclusion :There was are lationship between age, education level, economic status, knowledge, personal hygiene, contact history with scabies patient and occupancy density of scabies incident. There was no relationship between the incidence of scabies and room humidity factor. Keywords: Risk Factor, Scabies

There are six factors of economic growth which influence on the economic growth level is analyzed in this research . The factors are: General Allocation Fund, government expenditure, investment, quality of human resources, agglomeration , and labor. The analysis tool used ist the regression of data panel/p ooled data with the approach of Least Square Dummy Variable (lSDV). This approach is used because it is in accordance with the aim of research, which is to know the role of the economic growth factors to the GDP and to know the rate of economic growth from 2004 to 2013 in the W est Pantura (northern coastal) areas of Central Java. From the estimation, it is known that the economic growth factor of human resource is th e one that influence the GDP ipm with coefficient of 0.199316 percent, followed by the labor factor with coefficient of 0.165086 percent, an investment of 0 .0013066 percent and the government expenditure with coefficient of minus 0.019731 percent. However, the G eneral A llocation F unds does not have much influence on the economic growth , only at 0.009572 percent. Whereas , the agglomeration has no influence on the role of the GDP and on the economic growth in the W est Pantura area s of Central Java. The regression result indicate s -0.013514 percent.

The development of economic activities, we need to the sources of providing funds to finance all kinds of needs that required by the community. The presence of BMT as micro finance institutions based syariah in the world community empowerment is expected to become alternative that are more innovative in providing financing for. Relating to demand financing syariah financial institutions, it interesting to find factors determine the financial institutions on financing BMT Kopsyakardos Unisba. This research using data secondary or primary. Secondary data obtained from library research meanwhile the primary data was obtained from 80 respondents member of BMT. Engineering data processing using SPSS and scale of likert in order to help in the preparation of research. The purpose of this study is to provide a factors that determines financing demand in BMT Kopsyakardos Unisba. According to the data processing the results that the research income, tastes, and pricing determine respondents in demand funds in BMT Kopsyakardos Unisba. It can be seen by variables valid and it is reliable. Besides criteria grade attainment of a variable be in the area agree. Variable tastes produce total highest score of 2817 or average value continuum be in the area agree. This means that the tastes is one factor most dominant in determining the decision members in funds in BMT Kopsyakardos Unisba.

For change and renewal in society, effectiveness communications is needed so as to produce a change in the rate of cognitive, affective, and conative. In the Kawasan Rumah Pangan Lestari (KRPL) program, effectiveness communications is absolutely essential for their future as a program participant is able to adopt and implement the optimalization of their backyards so as not to let it alone. The purpose of this study were to (1) analyze the effectiveness communications KRPL program in the Mulyasari Village Ciampel District Karawang of West Java, (2) analyze the relationship between individual characteristics variable and external factors variable to the effectiveness communications variable of KRPL program in the Mulyasari Village Ciampel District Karawang of West Java, and (3) analyze the relationship between the effectiveness communications variable of KRPL program with the optimalization of backyard variable in the Mulyasari Village Ciampel District Karawang of West Java. The study were designed to use quantitative survey methods explanation research. These results indicate that (1) KRPL program conducted in the Mulyasari Village District Ciampel Karawang of West Java is quite effective at the level of cognitive, affective, and conative. It is evident that most participants KRPL program can understand the information they get from the instructor of the program, they also want to implement this optimalization program of their backyards, and they also run the program from The Ministry of Agriculture in optimize their backyards that they have, (2) individual characteristics significantly and positively related to the effectiveness communication is an indicator of education and yard area. The external factor significantly and positively related to the effectiveness communication is an access to information, public policy, and the illumination intensity, and (3) effectiveness communications (cognitive, affective, conative) of KRPL program significantly and positively related to optimalization of their utilization backyards. Keywords: effectiveness communication, backyard optimization

The purpose of this study is to know and examine matters as follows: Factors that affect the employee job satisfaction in Sub Division Treasury Finance Division Regional Secretariat Kutai Kartanegara and know the most dominant factors affect employee job satisfaction To analyze the data obtained by researchers using multiple regression analysis tools and SPSS application (Statistic Product and Service Solution) Based on the results of data analysis using SPSS and discussion then the conclusions can be put forward are: The resulting regression equation is Y = 2.779 + 0.030X1 + 0.136 X2. The resulting value is marked positive which means having a direct relationship. The constant value (a) of 2.779 states that if X1 and X2 are equal to zero. Then the satisfaction of cooperation with 2.779 or can be said if there is no variable of employee factor (X1) and job factor (X2) then job satisfaction (Y) equal to 2,779. Result of F test calculation, Fcount value is 4,303 with significance level 0,000. Since probability (0,000) is less than 0.05, regression model can be used to predict job satisfaction, or it can be said that the variable of employee factor and work factor that applied together have an effect on job satisfaction. The value of R Square (Determination R or R2) shows the number of 0.806 from 8982, thus it can be said that the independent variables of employee and occupational factors have an influence of 0.806 or 8.06% have the level of variable relations factor employee and job factors against job satisfaction is very strong. Based on the above description, the first hypothesis has been presented. Result of t test calculation between employee with job satisfaction, it can be seen that thitung> ttable or 2,815> 2,021 with significance level 0,000 ttable or 2,743> 2,021 with significance level 0,001 <0,005 meaning work variable variable partially significantly indicating its effect on job satisfaction. So variable of employee factor have the most dominant influence influence job satisfaction compare of work factor variable. Thus the second hypothesis that the researcher submitted was accepted.

This study aims to determine the factors that affect the coffee production center and government policy in the development of coffee production in Humbang Hasundutan Regency. Data analysis method in this research is multiple linear regression analysis and descriptive analysis. Based on the research results can be concluded; (1) the average coffee farming area in Humbang Hasundutan is 0.7 ha, with an average production of 558 kg/ ha and average income of Rp. 5,833,092.5/ year and R C ratio 2.769 so coffee farming in this area is efficient, (2) Value adjusted R 2 is 0.832 can be interpreted 83.2% variable of coffee farming production explained variable; (3) Variable area of land and venture capital have positive and significant effect to coffee farming production in Humbang Hasundutan Regency, (4) Government policy in the field of land, capital, price of coffee, education, experience, fertilizer price, it is not enough to ensure the availability of fertilizer, especially subsidized fertilizer, 56% of respondents said that the training of farmers in the framework of human resource development is not sufficient and 55% of respondents said the extension policy to farmers has not supported the development of coffee farming. Based on the result of research suggested to; a) the government facilitates farmers to gain access to capital to develop coffee farming in Humbang Hasundutan Regency, b) the government improves training and extension for farmers and ensures the availability of fertilizers, especially subsidized fertilizers, c) the government undertakes the development of human resources and the development of breeding technology to obtain superior seeds in order to develop coffee farming in Humbang Hasundutan Regency.

Economic valuation approach CVM (contingent valuation method) can be used to determine the preferences of the respondents (the people) for natural resources by promoting the ability to pay (Wilingness to Pay) are expressed in terms of value for money, which directly asked to respondents by reviewer or researcher. It can be concluded that the three variables: age, education level and income level positively effect on the determination of WTP.The conclusion is reinforced by figures of determinant coefficient (R adj) of 64.7%. Which means that the models regression equation is quite appropriate for the independent variable and it can explain the dependent variable is at 64.7%, While the dependent variable explained by other variables that have not been covered in this equation is about 35,3%. The results obtained (the value of WTP=Rp 15.000) can be calculated by summing all of the 20 respondents were then divided by the number of respondents) .While the total benefit / revenue expected can be obtained by multipliying of the average WTP with the population in this a national park area. The location is in Serang city, Banten province. Banten province has population it is about 9.2 million, then the magnitude of potential benefit which can be obtained is about Rp 135.000 million. If the visitors expand then the potential benefit is greater. By using the Analysis of Hierarchy Process (AHP) can be obtained some priorities of sustainable tourism management as follows: first, the park should be managed by the government, secondly,it can be managed collaboratively between government and the private sector , thirdly, it can be managed by the private sector. Priority goal is focus on the achievement of environmental sustainability factors. Secondly, focus on providing economic benefits to local communities and the third is the park management cost as a last prior Keywords : analysis of hierarchy process, national park, economic valuation approach, government, privat

Disadvantaged rural youth may be especially at risk for obesity and poorer health due to physical inactivity. Research suggests that extracurricular school programs can increase physical activity for this population. This study sought to determine whether local differences existed in the availability of supportive environments for extracurricular physical activity in North Carolina middle schools. Multiple data sources, including a self-administered questionnaire to personnel at 325 schools were integrated. Multilevel models were estimated using a composite index for supportive environments as the dependent variable and school compositional factors, economic resources, and community social factors as explanatory variables. Study findings suggested adolescents living in socioeconomically deprived rural areas had fewer environmental resources for extracurricular physical activity. Rural schools in poor areas of the state with high racial heterogeneity demonstrated the lowest environmental support. Reduced availability of supportive school environments may be one factor contributing to physical inactivity in the state.

This paper discusses the methods of algebraic functions on the settlement limit of indeterminate forms. Limit is a mathematical method used to describe the effect of variable functions move closer to a point on a particular function. The goal is to determine the specific characteristics of the methods of algebraic functions on the settlement limit of indeterminate forms. The methods used is a special method that consists of factoring methods, methods of multiplication herd, and the division with the highest rank method, and the method of L' Hopital. By using the methods mentioned above, then we obtain the specific characteristics of the methods of algebraic functions settlement limit on the indeterminate form are 1. Factoring methods: (a) The numerator is the result of squaring the binomial equation of the denominator. Where, (i) If the binomial equation using the difference operation, then its points is positive. (ii) If the binomial equations using addition operation, then its points is negative. (b) the constant factor of each of the numerator and denominator equally. One of which is a three tribal equation in the form ax2 + bx + c , the value of b it is the sum of the value of the constant multiplication. (c) If the numerator and denominator are both binomial equations with difference operation, where the variables and constants in the numerator is the square of the variable and constant denominator. Or conversely, variables and constants in the denominator is the square of the variable and constant numerator. (d) If the equation is a difference of two fractions where the denominator is a binomial variables and constants in the denominator is the result of one of the squaring of the variables and constants in the denominator of the other. (e) If the equation in the form of fragments which all contain the same variables. (f) If the equation is in the form of two parts, where the coefficients and constants in the numerator or the same multiplication factor, so that when the coefficients and constants removed it will form one of the factors that equation equal to that of the denominator. 2. A herd Multiplication method: (a) If the equation is the difference of two roots. (b) If the equation in the form of the difference or fractions containing amount root form. Both the numerator and the denominator. 3. Distribution by Top Rank methods: (a) If the equation in the form ∞/∞. (b) If a polynomial equation of degree 3, 4, 5,... etc. Which is hard to be factored. 4. L' Hopital method: if the limit point is substituted then produces the indeterminate form 0/0, ∞/∞, ∞-∞ , except if the derivative of the function at the root of the denominator in the form similar to the form factor function in the numerator. Vice versa, the derivative of the function at the root of the numerator shaped form factor similar to the function in the denominator.

Introduction: Saffron is one of the most important economic plants in the Khorasan province. Awareness of soil quality in agricultural lands is essential for the best management of lands and for obtaining maximum economic benefit. In general, plant growth is a function of environmental factors especially chemical and physical properties of soil (20). It has been demonstrated that there was a positive and high correlation between soil organic matter and saffron yield. Increasing the yield of saffron due to organic matter is probably due to soil nutrient, especially phosphorous and nitrogen and also improvement of soil physical quality (6, 28, 29). The yield of saffron in soils with high nitrogen as a result of vegetative growth is high (8). Shahandeh (6) found that most of the variation of saffron yield depends on soil properties. Due to the economic importance of saffron and the role of soil properties on saffron yield, this research was conducted to find the relationship between saffron yield and some soil physical and chemical properties, and to determine the contribution of soil properties that have the greatest impact on saffron yield in the Ghayenat area. Materials and Methods: This research was performed in 30 saffron fields (30 soil samples) of the Ghayenat area (longitude 59° 10΄ 10.37˝ - 59° 11΄ 38.41˝ and latitude 33° 43΄ 35.08˝ - 33΄ 44΄ 02.78˝), which is located in the Khrasan province of Iran. In this research, 21 soil properties were regarded as the total data set (TDS). Then the principal component analysis (PCA) was used to determine the most important soil properties affecting saffron yield as a minimum data set (MDS) and the stepwise regression to estimate saffron yield. To estimate the yield of saffron in stepwise regression method, saffron yield was considered as a dependent variable and soil physical and chemical properties were considered to be independent variables. Results and Discussion: According to the PCA method, among the 21 studied properties, 7 out of them including calcium, iron, zinc contents, sand, calcium carbonate equivalent percent, mean weight diameter of aggregates (MWD) and manganese (Mn) had the higher Eigenvalues. Therefore, the above properties were introduced as the most important soil properties in saffron fields. Calcium carbonate had the negative effect on the availability of micro-nutrients (26). Christensen et al. (15) found that by increasing the calcium carbonate in soil due to high pH and formation of insoluble components, the uptake of micro-nutrients is especially limited. The results of stepwise regression method (equation 1) showed that soil acidity (pH), zinc content, bulk density, MWD, iron content, salinity (EC), organic carbon and available potassium in soil were the most important properties that affect the yield of saffron, so that the determination coefficient (R2) of the regression model was high (Table 2) and it can explain 74% of the variation of saffron yield. Y = 6924.51 – 1187.31 pH – 89.65 EC + 71.6 Fe – 826.02 Zn + 471.55 OC, + 5490.96 K + 1353.56 BD + 752.82 MWD (1) where Y: saffron yield (kgha-1), pH: soil acidity, EC: electoral conductivity (dSm-1), Fe: iron concentration (mgkg-1), Zn: zinc concentration (mgkg-1), OC: organic carbon (%), K: soil potassium (%), BD: soil bulk density (Mgm-3), and MWD: mean weight diameter of aggregates (MM). Based on the absolute values of standard s in the regression model (Table 3), pH value and then after Zn concentration had the most effect on saffron yield. In general, responses of different plants to soil pH is varied, and saffron grows satisfactory in pH = 7.8 (5). Soil pH influences the uptake of soil nutrients by plants (15), so that this parameter had the most effect on saffron yield and by increasing the soil pH, the yield of saffron decreases. According to the regression model, Zn concentration was the second parameter in saffron yield. Zn has the important role in structure of plant enzymes (30). After these 2 parameters, Bd, MWD, Fe concentration, EC, Organic carbon and K concentration in soil had more effect on saffron yield (Table 3). Conclusion: According to both PCA and regression methods, the concentration of iron and zinc and MWD were determined as the important and effective soil properties on saffron yield in the Ghayenat area. In addition, soil pH in stepwise regression method and calcium carbonate in PCA method were determined as the effective properties on saffron yield. Therefore, it is suggested that the parameters of Zn, Fe, and MWD along with soil pH and calcium carbonate which were regarded individually in two methods, were considered as the most soil properties in saffron yield.

The feasibility of utilizing cellulosic biomass as an energy feedstock is domi- nated by factors such as facility location, feedstock availability, and transportation cost. Our previous case study showed improvements in quantification of feedstock availability for a biorefinery by introducing the effect of field-level yield variance and variable resi- due removal rates as improvement parameters into the GIS-based analysis. Even though the improved GIS-based method enhanced quantification of feedstock availability with the addition of the improvement parameters, a biorefinery would most likely procure more than one feedstock type. In this case study, quantification of feedstock availability based on multi-crop rotation cropping systems was done using the previously improved GIS-based variable residue removal (VRR) method. We observed on average a 3,793 ±5,733 DT per service area difference when increasing the number of crops used to esti- mate feedstock quantification. The supplementary use of crop-specific VRR rates affected residue availability, given that a crop's residue removal rate is influenced by crop yield, crop rotation, soil characteristics, as well as field location and management. It was also observed that the amount of available hectares of the three main crops analyzed in this case study affected residue availability. Corn represented 26.2% (440,636 ha; 1,101,591 acres), sorghum represented 12.9% (217,432 ha; 543,579 acres), and wheat represented 60.9% (1,024,607 ha; 2,561,518 acres) of the hectares in the study area. The validation study showed the importance of taking into account the seasonal availability of crop residue when estimating procurement service areas, given that in some cases feed- stock requirements were not met.

Corporate social disclosures are needed to communicate social and environmental effects derived from corporate's economic activities to stakeholders, to the interested parties. The degree of disclosure is affected by several factors, internally and or externally. The purpose of this research is focused on internal factors: profit and stock ownership. Profitability and stock ownership are predicted influence the degree of corporate social disclosure in mining companies. listed at Indonesian S'ock Exchange in 2005-2007, Intention of this research is to know 'whether profitability, institutional ownership and foreign ownership influence to level of corporate social disclosure. Corporate social disclosure done by companies in several areas of energy, health and safety at work, labor, product ana social activities, This research applies company size as control variable. Nine mining companies selected with purposive sampling technique. Data analyzed llSlng linear regression and showed only profitability variable and foreign o',j/nership influenced corporate social disclosure significantly.

Background : Based on the Profile of Ciamis District Health Department in 2010, pneumococcal disease is a sequence of infectious disease in children is quite hight, still in the top ten of outpatient clinicmost diseases, whereas in the working area of Pangandaran health center in 2011 there were 61 cases of pneumococcal disease (1.56%). The case is suspected to the condition of the physical environment of the house where children live. Therefore, the research was done in order to analyze factors of house physical environment on pneumonia occurrence in children under 5 years. Methods : This study was an observational research with a case control design. The research subjects consisted of case groups and control groups, with each sample of 46 people. Research variables consisted of wall type, floor type, ventilation condition of the house, ventilation condition of the bedrooms, house occupancy density, the separation of a toddler’s bedroom, bedroom occupancy density, the location of the kitchen, the lighting conditions in the house, temperature, humidity kind of, cooking fuel, the dangers rank of smoking, the practice of using of mosquito coils. Data were collected through interviews and observation. The research data were analyzed by univariate, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression. Result : Bivariate analysis results obtained information that there were three variables that have an association with the occurrence of pneumonia in toddlers, but according to a multivariate analysis known that there was a dominant variable that was lighting conditions in the house with Odds Rasio 21,875; 95% CI 4,353 to109,933. Conclusion : . This study concluded that the physical condition of the house still needs improvements, especially to achieve that required condition needs, ventilation improvement both in house and in the bedroom. Key words : Pneumonia, toddler, house’s physical environment, Ciamis.

Farmer to farmer extension agents (PPS) are expected to cover the shortage of state agricultural extension agents. This role can be optimized if supported by high competency.. The research objectives are to 1) identify the level of competence of PPS; 2) analyze the factors that influence the competency of PPS. The study was conducted in Sumbawa District in July 2018 - August 2018. The study used a quantitative approach with the census method.. The research sample of 87 PPS in the rice center sub-districts in Sumbawa District. The data were collected by using questionnaires and were analyzed using descriptive analysis and inferential analysis using PLS. The results of the research showed the indicators of PPS competencies in high category were: in developing entrepreneurship, developing leadership, being an foster for farmers. The indicators of capability planning development, carrying out extension activities, coordinating, delivering information and innovation, solving problems, making activity reports were in medium category. The indicators of develop farmer groups and establish partnerships were in low category. The affecting factors of PPS competencies in variable PPS personal characteristics were represented by motivation in the business and creative-innovative character. Beside that, the affecting factors in variable institutional support represented by the support of the agriculture department and company or banking support.