Propaganda Content in Digital Space: Identification Markers

The article is devoted to the study of linguopragmatic parameters of communicative interaction of users of social networks Facebook and Twitter. The focus was on the strategic aspect of communicative behavior within the framework of the implementation of cooperative communication – communicative strategies and tactics. The main theoretical approaches to defining the concept of communicative strategy and communicative tactics are considered, the specificity of the cooperative strategy of encouragement in the speech interaction of Ukrainian and English speakers in social networks is determined. The main communicative tactics of the persuasion strategy are characterized – command, request and recommendation – and the linguistic means of their representation in the network discourse are analyzed. The purpose of the study is to identify linguistic means of implementing the communicative strategy of encouragement in network communication of Ukrainian and English speakers. The object of the study is the Ukrainian- speaking and English-speaking segments of the discourse of social networks, the subject of the study is the language means of implementing the strategy of encouragement in the network discourse. The material for the analysis was the posts and comments of Ukrainian- speaking and English-speaking users of the well-known social networks Facebook and Twitter for the years 2017–2021. A total of 939 contexts of posts and comments were characterized. Research methods. The set goal determined the use of comparative analysis as the dominant method for studying the peculiarities of the discourse of social networks in the communicative behavior of Ukrainian and English speakers. The analysis of communicative strategies and tactics involved the use of the linguopragmatic method, and the study of social aspects of speech – the method of discourse analysis.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of the online advertising techniques through the social network Facebook, as a broad- casting and promotion tool to disseminate information of companies. By means of two different case studies, we present the findings on two different teaching centers belonging to the public and the private sector. Results show that these techniques are able to get a large number of impressions and clicks, which im- pacts (in terms of awareness and recognition) go beyond the initial targeted group. Although the results are based on a single country and therefore they cannot be used to make generalizations, the conclusions of the study show the cost-effective effect relationship of these innovative techniques when promoting businesses among the online community. Consequently, these methods represent and important supporting point on the organizations’ marketing strategies when addressing the challenges of this new, digital society.

This article addresses a timely and important issue: terrorism recruitment and disengagement in the digital era. It explores the intricate dynamics of social networks and peer contagion and their role in processes of recruitment and disengagement in terrorism activities in Indonesia. It emphasizes on how close relations and peers significantly influence young individual behavior, often facilitated through digital spaces; social media, encrypted chat groups, and other content-sharing platforms, and explores potential avenues for prevention and disengagement. The research is based on in-depth interviews with 20 former inmates convicted of acts of terrorism between 2023 and 2025 in the greater Jakarta and west Java region, Indonesia. The finding highlights that social networks serve as critical outreach platforms, especially for the young people, for disseminating extremist ideologies, sharing biased information and propaganda content, and serve to promote recruitment for violent activities. It demonstrates how communication and information sharing via digital spaces platforms plays a crucial role in shaping the processes that lead young individuals towards violent ideologies and practices. In addition, we observed that on one hand peer influence plays a pivotal role in enabling recruitment but on the other hand for prevention and disengagement efforts; although, antisocial and violent behavior spreads more readily than prosocial behavior among peers. Analysis indicate that a clear understanding of the structure of these social networks and their dynamics, as well as the mechanisms of peer contagion is essential for developing effective preventive strategies and targeted interventions. Importantly, these findings have broader practical implications, which not only provides insights of contextual complexities of recruitment and disengagement that could inform future research , but also for policymakers and practitioners who could translate this knowledge into policies and develop interventions that strengthen protective social ties, foster trust and support among peers, and guide the responsible use of digital spaces in Indonesia, and beyond. Ultimately, this study recommends revising the terrorism law in Indonesia regarding digital literacy and responsible supervision of digital space to prevent the spread of radicalism through digital space.

The human learning constitutes one of the foundations of contemporary society. Currently, it is considered that social networks are a phenomenon in a matter of scope, dissemination and popularization. So, gather information from social networks can prove an excellent way to expand the vision and the particular subject of debate, including educational activities. Thus, the objective of this research is to study the social network Facebook contributes to the sustainability discussion of the subject in a class of higher education. From the creation of an infographic, and its publication in the Facebook social network, we found the degree of interaction of virtual friends around a particular subject. Overall, students reported that few friends exposed their opinion. The students already knew the social network Facebook and its enormous scope, however, when the subject matter was not a joke or a picture, the interest of virtual friends was not so great. Thus, it is seen that the social network Facebook is still seen as a tool of communication and entertainment. This use for educational purposes, or even the discussion of a serious subject is not realized, or is still very shy. Even so, the use of social networks has proved to be very helpful and extremely relevant in the discussion of contemporary issues.

The purpose of the study is to determine trends in the use of social networks in the field of education and to study the practical experience of the world's leading universities in maintaining corporate accounts in social networks Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, LinkedIn, X (formerly Twitter), Tik-Tok. The research materials are: 1) works of domestic and foreign scientists in the field of digital media, communications and public relations in the field of education; 2) quantitative data on the official institutional accounts of the world's leading HEIs in social networks as of 2024. The scientific article examines the specific environment of the world's leading HEIs in terms of maintaining corporate accounts in popular social networks according to uniRank rating data. For the period 2018-2024, the dynamics of the number of educational institutions in the field of higher education, as well as their presence in social networks Youtube, Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, were analyzed. A panel of use (level of use) of social networks of higher education institutions was built based on uniRank rating data for 2018-2024. The information was analyzed and the segments of the HEIs were selected, taking into account the world average number of followers and preferences of the HEIs in social networks according to the uniRank rating. Diagnostics of the correspondence of the number of subscribers of the HEIs of Ukraine, Poland and Germany to the world average for such social networks as: Facebook, Instagram, Twitter was carried out. Quantitative and qualitative interpretation of the obtained results according to Harrington's scale of desirability is provided. The expediency of developing institutional accounts of foreign higher education institutions in social networks in order to create and strengthen social and marketing communications with the target audience is substantiated. The study of the thematic content of the institutional accounts of the world’s leading HEIs in social networks is becoming important, which will contribute to the formation of effective content strategies in the field of education. Social media allow HSEs to cost-effectively reach a wider audience, monitor public sentiment and better understand the needs of stakeholders.

Members of modern society, being active media users, live and carry out professional, social or leisure activities with and on the media, which changes the previously usual ways and forms of how they realize their needs and goals. In the era of digitization, various virtual communities are emerging, whose members focus on the practices of knowledge creation, processing and sharing. Virtual communities of practice have received much attention from researchers, but communities of interest are a less researched phenomenon. In the context of communities of various interests, communities of readers are active, sharing their knowledge and reading experience with each other. The article presents the conducted research, during which the aim was to investigate the expression of knowledge sharing and the factors promoting it in a reading community on the social network Facebook. With the development of social networks, the growth of various virtual communities of interest is noticeable, in which participants operate on a voluntary basis, seek to realize their various needs and participate in collective cooperation processes. Community members have been found to have the knowledge to share. This awareness of the opportunity to benefit others and the resulting feedback empowers actors to create value for the community.

АннотацияКлючевые слова

The digital society brought the man full of technology and connectivity functions, creating agility to exchange information. With the ability to share your privacy in the social network, the selfie culture began to be used as a form of trivialization of exhibitionism.Virtual conflicts was created a community of users that discriminate people by color, race, ethnicity, religion and expression of thoughts, crerating a culture of hatred, intolerance. The moral values of the digital society are weakened by sharing habit of language that shows the trend of disregard for the principle of human dignity.

The aim of this study is to reveal Open Education related social media usage in Turkey through social network analyses. To this end, the most widely used social media network in Turkey, Facebook, was chosen. All the pages and groups created on Facebook related to Open Education were found. A total of 207 groups and 521 pages were accessed and entered into the social network analysis. Within the scope of this study, the density and centrality features of the network were analyzed for groups whereas the density, centrality, and degrees features of the network were analyzed for pages. The study's results revealed that while pages and groups related to programs emphasizing current job opportunities and student support services were more actively used, commercial accounts attempted to exploit students' exam anxiety instead of generating actual content. The findings also revealed that well structured institutional pages appeal to students and have the potential to reach high levels of popular in short periods of time.

The rapid development and expansion of the Internet and the social–based services comprised by the common Web 2.0 idea provokes the creation of the new area of research interests, i.e. social networks on the Internet called also virtual or online communities. Social networks can be either maintained and presented by social networking sites like MySpace, LinkedIn or indirectly extracted from the data about user interaction, activities or achievements such as emails, chats, blogs, homepages connected by hyperlinks, commented photos in multimedia sharing system, etc. A social network is the set of human beings or rather their digital representations that refer to the registered users who are linked by relationships extracted from the data about their activities, common communication or direct links gathered in the internet–based systems. Both digital representations named in the paper internet identities as well as their relationships can be characterized in many different ways. Such diversity yields for building a comprehensive and coherent view onto the concept of internet–based social networks. This survey provides in–depth analysis and classification of social networks existing on the Internet together with studies on selected examples of different virtual communities.

The paper deals with the marketing communication of eco-friendly products on the social network Facebook. It provides an overview of the specifics of marketing communication of eco-friendly products and also tackles the need to raise awareness of eco-innovation. Based on the literature and analyses review the paper provides an overview of the current state of this issue emphasizing the importance of social networks in promoting and communicating eco-friendly products. The paper focuses on key aspects of marketing communication of eco-innovations and eco-friendly products, as well as the use of social networks in marketing communication. The paper also addresses the phenomenon of the groundswell – a social trend widespread on social media which affects marketing communication. Moreover, the paper presents the views of various authors on this phenomenon and also outlines research on the topic emphasizing its individual aspects, in particular the impact the groundswell has on the eco-friendly products marketing communication and its fundamental attributes.

The article examines the phenomenon of social media from the perspective of the McDonaldization theory. The author considers social media as inextricably linked with the consumer society systems to show that such media have become a new McDonaldized institution, the study of which provides new theoretical and methodological possibilities. The article provides an overview of the studies proving the increasing McDonaldizing effect on various social institutions of the Russian society, and considers social media in terms of factors of the McDonaldization theory. Two social networks - Facebook and VK - are described in G. Ritzer’s concepts of ‘nothing’ and ‘something’ as the McDonaldized institutions. The author identifies the theoretical-methodological significance of considering social media as McDonaldized institutions; shows that social media functionally correspond to all five factors of Ritzer’s McDonaldization; explains why the social network Facebook is a grobalized form of ‘nothing’ and, thus, a driving force of globalization, while the social network VK is a glocal form of ‘nothing’ and, thus, creates unique meanings at the border of local and global levels. One of such new meanings is that the VK reflects the traditional interpretation of gender identity, sexual orientation and marriage. The author concludes that social media are a McDonaldized institution that can become a new research optics, which presupposes the use of mixed methods research.

Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo geral analisar as principais gírias que circulam no meio digital, sobretudo nas redes sociais, e sua importância para a comunicação nesse ambiente. Como objetivos específicos, buscamos: 1) identificar as principais gírias que circulam nas redes sociais Facebook e WhatsApp; 2) verificar a importância do conhecimento desse vocabulário específico para a comunicação nessas redes; e 3) observar se essas gírias podem ser classificadas como sendo de grupo ou comum. Como bases teóricas, pautamos nossas análises em autores como Galli (2005) e Marcuschi (2005), acerca da Era Digital e da comunicação que nela surge, além de Preti (1984; 2000; 2004) sobre as gírias e Moreira e Januário (2014) sobre as redes sociais. Metodologicamente, esta foi uma pesquisa descritivo-interpretativa, com abordagem qualitativa, cujo corpus de análise foi composto por gírias presentes em publicações e conversas nas redes sociais supracitadas, com o ocultamento dos nomes de usuários, além de um questionário online. Os resultados mostraram que o conhecimento das gírias que circulam nas redes sociais é de extrema importância para a interação nesses ambientes. Com este estudo, situamos a gíria como importante componente da interação verbal nas redes sociais, distanciando-se de uma perspectiva prescritiva e normativa frente a esse uso, mas mostrando-a como um elemento linguístico essencial para a interação nestes meios.
 Palavras-chave: Comunicação Mediada pelo Computador. Redes Sociais. Gírias. Interação.

The purpose of this study was to determine the use of Computational Propaganda in organizing and manipulating public opinion on social media with the issue of identity politics and its relation to the Post Truth in the Indonesian Presidential Election in 2019. There are two methods used in this study: A) qualitative methods are used to answer how to use Computational Propaganda for political marketing in the 2019 Presidential Election, and B) quantitative methods using Social Network Analysis (SNA) on Twitter's social media platform to determine the use of bots in manipulating opinions public during the presidential election campaign. The results of this study are Computational Propaganda using identity politics in the 2019 Presidential Election.

As travel industry has quickly moved to the Internet, this paper is concerned with the adoption of Web 2.0 applications; especially Facebook social network, by some travel agencies in Egypt, and how it affects their business. The core problem of this paper is to determine how these travel agencies respond to this new generation of applications, and how they exert their efforts to benefit from them. The overall goal of this paper is to: a) provide some insights into Web 2.0 showing the difference among its generations, b) determine both benefits of and barriers to Web 2.0 adoption, c) review different kinds of Web 2.0 applications by which travel agencies could amend their customer relationship management and marketing plans by exploiting user-generated content and social network interactions in order to incorporate travellers into their business operations, and d) evaluate the impact of Facebook social network as one of Web 2.0 applications used by some travel agencies in Egypt on their business. This paper is built on the following hypothesis: Egyptian travel agencies have not exploited Web 2.0 applications effectively yet; particularly Facebook social network, and if they do not adopt it quickly, their business and customer relationships will be affected negatively. The methods of research were literature review and survey questionnaires distributed to travel agencies in Egypt (March: July, 2011). Relevant recommendations are given.