Propositional dynamic logics for communicating concurrent programs with CCS's parallel operator

Propositional Dynamic Logic can be extended to include both an infinitary iteration construct delta and a backtracking construct converse. The resulting logic does not satisfy the finite model property, but is nevertheless elementarily decidable. In order to establish this decidability result, deterministic two-way automata on infinite trees are defined and shown to be reducible to nondeterministic one-way automata on infinite trees. The decision procedure suggests a nonstandard semantics for the extended logic for which the finite model property does hold.

Dynamic epistemic logic (\(\mathbf {DEL}\)) is known as a large family of logics that extend standard epistemic logic with dynamic operators. Such dynamic operators can be regarded as epistemic actions over Kripke semantics (or its variant). Therefore, \(\mathbf {DEL}\) is often used to model changes of agents’ knowledge, belief or preference over Kripke semantics in terms of dynamic operators in many literatures. As a variant of \(\mathbf {DEL}\), (van Benthem and Liu, J Appl Non-Classical Logics 17(2):157–18 2007; Liu, Reasoning about preference dynamics, Springer Science & Business Media, Berlin 2011) proposed dynamic logic of relation changers (\(\mathbf {DLRC}\)). They provided a general framework to capture many dynamic operators in terms of relation changing operation written in programs of propositional dynamic logic, and they also provided a sound and complete Hilbert-style axiomatization for \(\mathbf {DLRC}\). While \(\mathbf {DLRC}\) can cover many dynamic operators in a uniform manner, proof theory for \(\mathbf {DLRC}\) is not well-studied except the Hilbert-style axiomatization. Therefore, we propose a cut-free labelled sequent calculus for \(\mathbf {DLRC}\). We show that our sequent calculus is equipollent with the Hilbert-style axiomatization.

Abstract—This paper shows that a classic metalogical frame-work, including all Boolean operators, can be used to support the development of a metric behavioural theory for Markov pro-cesses. Previously, only intuitionistic frameworks or frameworks without negation and logical implication have been developed to fulfill this task. The focus of this paper is on continuous Markovian logic (CML), a logic that characterizes stochastic bisimulation of Markov processes with arbitrary measurable state space and continuous-time transitions. For a parameter ε> 0 interpreted as observational error, we introduce an ε-parametrized metatheory for CML: we define the concepts of ε-satisfiability and ε-provability related by a sound and complete axiomatization and prove a series of ”parametrized” metatheorems including decidability, weak completeness and fi-nite model property. We also prove results regarding the relations between metalogical concepts defined for different parameters. Using this framework, we can characterize both the stochastic bisimulation relation and various observational preorders based on behavioural pseudometrics. The main contribution of this paper is proving that all these analyses can actually be done using a unified complete Boolean framework. And this extends the state of the art in this field, since the related works only propose intuitionistic contexts that limit, for instance, the use of the Boolean logical implication. I.

Current Temporal Logics are all oriented towards the description of totally ordered sequences. This limits their usefulness for reasoning about systems whose computations cannot easily be mapped into totally ordered sequences. Here, we propose a temporal logic geared towards describing partially ordered sets and apply it to dynamic distributed systems. Even though the logic we define does not have the finite model property, we establish that it has a one exponential decision procedure and a complete axiomatization.

In this paper we attempt to shed light on the concept of an agent’s knowledge after a non-deterministic action is executed. We start by making a comparison between notions of non-deterministic choice, and between notions of sequential composition, of settings with dynamic and/or epistemic character; namely Propositional Dynamic Logic (PDL), Dynamic Epistemic Logic (DEL), and the more recent logic of Semi-Public Environments (SPE). These logics represent two different approaches for defining the aforementioned actions, and in order to provide unified frameworks that encompass both, we define the logics DELVO (DEL+Vision+Ontic change) and PDLVE (PDL+Vision+Epistemic operators). DELVO is given a sound and complete axiomatisation.

We consider an extension of the unary negation fragment of first-order logic in which arbitrarily many binary symbols may be required to be interpreted as equivalence relations. We show that this extension has the finite model property. More specifically, we show that every satisfiable formula has a model of at most doubly exponential size. We argue that the satisfiability (= finite satisfiability) problem for this logic is 2-ExpTime-complete. We also transfer our results to a restricted variant of the guarded negation fragment with equivalence relations.

The fluted fragment with transitive relations

In this paper we study the propositional fragment of the joint logic of problems and propositions introduced by Melikhov. We provide Kripke semantics for this logic and show that is complete with respect to those models and has the finite model property. We consider examples of the use of -models usage. In particular, we prove that is a conservative extension of the logic . We also show that the logic is complete with respect to Kripke frames with sets of audit worlds introduced by Artemov and Protopopescu (who called them audit set models). Bibliography: 31 titles.

Teaching concurrent and parallel programming by patterns: An interactive ICT approach

Modal logic becomes action logic by adding programs as in propositional dynamic logic or the /spl mu/-calculus. Modal languages can be seen as decidable fragments of first-order logic that admit a natural bisimulation, and hence enjoy a good model theory. Recently, much stronger 'guarded fragments' of first-order logic have been identified that enjoy the same pleasant features. The latter can serve as richer action languages as well. We will develop the logic of guarded fragments as a form of process theory. In particular, moving from sequential to parallel process operations correlates with moving to first-order fragments that are close to, or perhaps just over the decidable-undecidable fence.

Description logics provide powerful languages for representing and reasoning about knowledge of static application domains. The main strength of description logics is that they offer considerable expressive power going far beyond propositional logic, while reasoning is still decidable. There is a demand to bring the power and character of description logics into the description and reasoning of dynamic application domains which are characterized by actions. In this paper, based on a combination of the propositional dynamic logic PDL, a family of description logics and an action formalism constructed over description logics, we propose a family of dynamic description logics DDL(X @) for representing and reasoning about actions, where X represents well-studied description logics ranging from the to the , and X @ denotes the extension of X with the @ constructor. The representation power of DDL(X @) is reflected in four aspects. Firstly, the static knowledge of application domains is represented as RBoxes and acyclic TBoxes of the description logic X. Secondly, the states of the world and the pre-conditions of atomic actions are described by ABox assertions of the description logic X @, and the post-conditions of atomic actions are described by primitive literals of X @. Thirdly, starting with atomic actions and ABox assertions of X @, complex actions are constructed with regular program constructors of PDL, so that various control structures on actions such as the "Sequence", "Choice", "Any-Order", "Iterate", "If-Then-Else", "Repeat-While" and "Repeat-Until" can be represented. Finally, both atomic actions and complex actions are used as modal operators for the construction of formulas, so that many properties on actions can be explicitly stated by formulas. A tableau-algorithm is provided for deciding the satisfiability of DDL(X @)-formulas; based on this algorithm, reasoning tasks such as the realizability, executability and projection of actions can be effectively carried out. As a result, DDL(X @) not only offers considerable expressive power going beyond many action formalisms which are propositional, but also provides decidable reasoning services for actions described by it.

Recently, Baltag and van Benthem introduced a decidable logic of functional\ndependence (LFD) that extends the logic of Cylindrical Relativized Set Algebras\n(CRS) with atomic local dependence statements. Its semantics can be given in\nterms of generalised assignment models or their modal counterparts, hence the\nlogic is both a first-order and a modal logic. We show that LFD has the finite\nmodel property (FMP) using Herwig's theorem on extending partial isomorphisms,\nand prove a bisimulation invariance theorem characterizing LFD as a fragment of\nfirst-order logic.\n

This paper presents a neighborhood semantics for logics of entailment. It begins with a minimal system Min that expresses the most fundamental assumptions about the entailment relation, and continues by examining various extensions that reflect further assumptions that might be made about entailment. This leads first to the logic B that is the basic relevant logic, and then to more powerful systems. All of these logics are proved to be sound and strongly complete. With B the neighborhood semantics meets the Routley–Meyer relational semantics for relevant logic; these connections are examined. The minimal and basic entailment logics are shown to have the finite model property, and hence to be decidable.

Propositional dynamic logic with local assignment

Dynamic logic is a powerful framework for reasoning about imperative programs. An extension with a concurrent operator, called concurrent propositional dynamic logic (CPDL) [20], was introduced to formalise programs running in parallel. In a different direction, other authors proposed a systematic method for generating multi-valued propositional dynamic logics to reason about weighted programs [15]. This paper presents the first step of combining these two frameworks to introduce uncertainty in concurrent computations. In the proposed framework, a weight is assigned to each branch of the parallel execution, resulting in a (possible) asymmetric parallelism, inherent to the fuzzy programming paradigm [2, 23]. By adopting such an approach, a family of logics is obtained, called multi-valued concurrent propositional dynamic logics (\(\mathcal {GCDL}(\mathbf {A})\)), parametric on an action lattice \(\mathbf {A}\) specifying a notion of “weight” assigned to program execution. Additionally, the validity of some axioms of CPDL is discussed in the new family of generated logics.