PROSPEC: an interactive programming environment for designing and verifying communication protocols

This paper presents a user-friendly software environment for protocol design, consisting of EXPA, NESDEL, NESDEL-to-EXPA transformation, and EXPA-to-NESDEL transformation, where EXPA is a protocol verification method based on extended reachability analysis and NESDEL is a protocol specification language. The aim of this system is to provide a user-friendly interface by providing the two transformations as well as by extending the existing reachability analysis, so that the productivity of protocol development can be enhanced. We first give a protocol verification method, EXPA, which is an extension of the existing reachability analysis. In EXPA, the concept of “backward perturbation” is introduced to improve the verification capability, so that the user interface of EXPA is superior to that of the existing verification methods based on reachability analysis. In general, the intelligibility of a specification language expression is much superior to that of a verification expression based on reachability analysis. For this reason, we give a procedure for directly reflecting the results of verification on a specification language, into an expression for verification. Our user-friendly system has been developed on a Toshiba AS3000 workstation.

Wireless sensor networks have attracted much research effort in the past five years. With TinyOS, there exists a widely used, microthreaded operating system targeted for single processor sensor nodes. It requires only minimal processing and memory resources. Many research activities in the wireless sensor area focus on the design of efficient protocols in the MAC and network layer. SDL - a high-abstraction level formal description language - has long been used for modeling, simulation, and verification of communication protocols. In this paper, we present a mapping approach and optimizations to derive efficient component-based event-driven TinyOS applications from SDL models. We show, how the basic SDL concepts are reflected in the TinyOS component architecture.

Aimed at the features of complex objects and massive data transmission, a new XML-based method to design and implement communication protocols for WebGIS is presented. The paper illustrates the mechanism in designing communication protocols following W3C's XML Schema specification, as well as provides main flow to embed them into WebGIS by packing and parsing XML-based protocols. This kind of protocol can be used in spatial information exchange among heterogeneous platforms of in distributed environment.

This paper models the CCITT X.21 interface specification using a graph model and verifies the behavior of the interface using analysis tools accessible through UCLA's SARA (System Architects' Apprentice) design aid system. Behavior of the interface is modeled in three domains: control flow, data flow, and interpretation. Explicit models of assumed behavior for the environment and for the system under study are incorporated in a SARA world view such that systematic analysis and simulation can be applied.

Deciding Bisimulation Equivalences for a Class of Non-Finite-State Programs

Most of the proposed communication protocols exploiting the collaborative nature of WSNs and its correlation characteristics improve energy efficiency. However, they follow the traditional layered protocol architectures; specifically, the majority of these communication protocols are individually developed for different networking layers, i.e., transport, network, medium access control (MAC), and physical layers. While they may realize high performance in terms of the metrics related to each of these individual layers, they are not jointly optimized to maximize the overall network performance while minimizing the energy expenditure. Considering the scarce energy and processing resources of WSNs, joint optimization, and design of networking layers, i.e., cross-layer design, stands as the most promising alternative to inefficient traditional layered protocol architectures.The basic principle of cross-layer design is to make information available to all levels of the protocol stack. It allows the definition of protocols or mechanisms that do not meet the isolation layers of the OSI model (van der Schaar M, Shankar NS, Wirels Commun 12(4):50–58, 2005; Srivastava V, Motani M, Commun Mag 43(12):112–119, 2005). In fact, cross-layer integration and design techniques result in significant improvement in terms of energy conservation in WSNs (van Hoesel L, Nieberg T, Wu J, Havinga PJM, Wirel Commun 11(6):78–86, 2004; Yetgin H, Cheung KTK, El-Hajjar M, Hanzo L, Trans Veh Technol 64(8):3795–3803, 2015). Several researches started by focusing on the cross-layer interaction and design to develop new communication protocols (Melodia T, Vuran MC, Pompili D, The state of the art in cross-layer design for wireless sensor networks. Vol 3883, in Lecture Notes in Computer Science-Wireless Systems and Network Architectures in Next Generation Internet (EuroNGI), by M Cesana and L Fratta, Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer, pp 78–92, 2005). Yet, these works either provide analytical results without communication protocol design or perform pairwise cross-layer design within limited scope, e.g., only MAC and network layers, which do not consider all of the networking layers involved in WSNs communication, such as transport, network, MAC, and physical layers.Considering the scarce energy and processing resources of WSNs, joint optimization, and design of networking layers, i.e., cross-layer design, stands as the most promising alternative to inefficient traditional layered protocol architectures. There are considerable benefits of rethinking the protocol functions of networking layers in a unified way so as to provide a single communication module for efficient communication in WSNs.KeywordsCross-layering approachesLayers interactionsSingle-layer integrated moduleHeuristic approachCross-layering MAC and network layersCross-layering physical and MAC and network layers PANELCLBTPGFPlusXLPCross-layer design for WSNs security

Communication networks, protocols, and application programming interfaces (APIs) are crucial factors for the performance of parallel and distributed computations. This topic of Euro-Par 2003 is therefore devoted to all aspects of communication in on-chip interconnects, parallel computers, networks of workstations, and more widely distributed systems such as grids. Papers were solicited that examine the design and implementation of interconnection networks and communication protocols, advances in system area and storage area networks, routing and communication algorithms, and the communication costs of parallel and distributed algorithms. On-chip and power-e.cient interconnects, I/O architectures and storage area networks, switch architectures as well as multimedia and QoS-aware communication were new topics introduced in this year’s Call for Papers (CfP).

Quality of service considerations have to be included in the whole protocol engineering cycle. The authors present an integrated approach for the design of communication protocols, including: performance enhanced formal specification of communication protocols, formal requirement specification, statistical performance analysis out of the enhanced formal specification, and verification of bounded performance properties out of the formal specification. >

The rigidity of static configurations in the network devices, given by a list of commands or static scripts, is limiting current networks. They do not provide automatic resource provisioning and affects directly to the decrease of the efficiency. Furthermore, data centers have different traffic patterns because of the implementation of network virtualization and cloud computing technologies. Now the applications are executed in many virtual machines that must communicate, thus increasing the communication between servers. Software Defined Networks (SDNs) technology has appeared to allow higher programmable, automatic and flexible networks. They are able to divide the control plane from the data plane. In SDNs, the code is programmed centrally instead of programming node by node. The implementation can be done independently of the trademark or the model as long as it supports the communication protocol. SDN allows including new functions in the network devices. Moreover, it can easily include certain intelligent functions, in order to provide intelligence to the network. These features allow the system to self-adapt with the goal of improving it performance. The speech is focused on detailing and discussing some published Intelligent Systems for Multimedia delivery in SDN. Moreover, we will revise the most well-known artificial intelligence techniques that can be used in network data and communication networks. We will also revise the main network parameters and how they affect to the multimedia delivery. First we will detail the network architecture and the communication protocol design and development. We will also show how the information taken from the data frames, the users and servers behavior, and the traffic patterns (traffic changes, quality of service parameters, state of the frames, etc.) can be used to improve the multimedia delivery performance. It will self-adapt according to the state of the network. Network parameters and patterns are used by an intelligent network algorithm to estimate the behavior using the empirical data. Intelligent Systems for Multimedia delivery can be implemented in a wide range of multimedia applications.

Location-based trustworthy services recommendation in cooperative-communication-enabled Internet of Vehicles

In this paper, a SCADA (supervisor control and data acquisition) system HMI (human machine interface) software was been implemented based on a driver system which consisted by double generators and double motors. This software was been implemented by NI Labview based on the CAN bus. Meanwhile the dynamical monitoring and alarm are implemented. The data collected for the HMI include the collecting data of bus voltage and current; the speed; the temperature on IGBT, bearing and winding. The generator and the motor controller running status and the fault status are also been sent to the HMI. The command sent to the double generators and the double motors are including start/stop, speed, bus voltage, PID parameters to DSP (speed circle Kp and Ki, Kp and Ki in D axis for current circle), etc. The main works focus on the design of CAN communication protocol; multichannel CAN bus control implemented in Labview; bit data and different byte data combination and unpack. In practical engineering application, this system can absolutely realize automatic supervision and control process efficiently and reliably.

Every time the proper functioning of the vehicles must be guaranteed, as well as safety and efficiency. To achieve this, some expensive solutions are used, with few connectivity options and that fail to meet consumer demand. This paper presents a low-cost hardware system for the design of a real-time communication protocol between the electronic control unit (ECU) of a vehicle and a remote server based in a embedded system. A dual tone multi-frequency (DTMF) approach is implemented, so error codes (DTCs) are always available on a unit equipped with this system. The vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication protocol through voice channels is provided by cellular technology infrastructure, in which primary information is shared to monitor vehicles. With real-time data transmission, communication is established through a voice phone call between the vehicle’s ECU and the destination server, communicating the DTC codes. The system shows that the communication protocol has an effectiveness of 78.23%, which means that with the use of 2G technology, which is active and operating in many regions, it allows the information with the data to be received by the receiving user. Through this implemented system, it is ensured that if a vehicle suffers an accident or stops due to a mechanical failure in a region where there is no cellular technology coverage, information or a message can be sent so that through communication the rescue can be carried out using an cellular technology coverage.

This paper presents a mailbox-based scheme for designing flexible and adaptive message delivery protocols in mobile agent (MA) systems. The scheme associates each mobile agent with a mailbox while allowing the decoupling between them, i.e., a mobile agent can migrate to a new site without bringing its mailbox. By separating the concerns of locating the mailbox of a mobile agent and delivering a message to the agent, we obtain a large space of protocol design with flexibility. Using a three-dimensional model based on the scheme, we have developed a taxonomy of MA communication protocols, which not only covers, as special cases, several known MA message delivery protocols, but also allows for the design of new ones well suited for various application requirements. We describe such an efficient and adaptive protocol derived front the model. The protocol guarantees reliable delivery of messages to mobile agents. We analyze the design trade-offs and performance of the protocol, using an analytic model as well as extensive simulation experiments.

A wireless monitoring system consisted by microcomputer MSP430F149 processors and CC1100 wireless modules is developed as to meet the requirements of the development of modern municipal pipe networks. Emphases of this paper are placed on strive to attain technical breakthrough of the optimization of wireless communication protocols, the optimal design of soft ware and communication protocols, and finally, the feasibility and reliability of the outcomes is tested through practical experiments. The results show that the system realizes automated real-time monitoring, and it embraces merits of timeliness, high efficiency, low energy consumption, low cost, accuracy, convenience, etc.

Underwater communications exploit acoustic signals to interconnect embedded systems deployed for various scientific, environmental, industrial, or security tasks. The engineering of networked devices in underwater environment is today considered a critical research challenge. The propagation of acoustic waves in water is characterized by low, distance-dependent bandwidth with high latency, and multi-path effects, which make it necessary the design of novel system-level solutions, communication protocols, and algorithms specifically tailored for these types of applications. This paper describes a novel hardware–software sensing platform for computing a synthetic index developed for marine ecology studies, called the acoustic complexity index. Computing this index entails performing the fast Fourier transform of signals in the range of audio frequencies. The adoption of a centralized approach/architecture would entail the transmission of the signals toward a sink for their processing, severely impacting communication efficiency. The development of the proposed low-power sensing module enables to carry on the computation on board of remote nodes, which work as virtual sensors. This reduces the communication burden (of about five orders of magnitude) with a negligible energy overhead due to on board computation.