Protecting the End User Device in 4G Heterogeneous Networks

The industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is one of the key applications in 5G heterogeneous networks. To support high energy efficiency (EE) and reliability of IIoT equipment, it is important to design an efficient resource allocation algorithm in dynamic and complex environments. However, most of the studies on 5G heterogeneous IIoT networks did not address the transceiver hardware impairment (HWI) issues (e.g., phase noises, amplifier nonlinearities, and quantization errors) and the corresponding algorithms may not be applicable in practice. To this end, in this article, we investigate a realistic beamforming algorithm in a multicell downlink multiple-input single-output heterogeneous IIoT network by incorporating HWIs in our design. In particular, a beamforming design problem is formulated as a nonconvex optimization problem for maximizing the total EE of all equipment subject to the quality of service constraints of the IIoT equipment in both the macrocell and femtocells and the maximum transmit power constraints of base stations. In light of the intractability of the considered problem, we develop an EE-based iterative beamforming algorithm to tackle the formulated problem by employing the semidefinite relaxation method, Dinkelbach’s method, and the successive convex approximation method. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve higher EE and bring less interference power to the macrocell IIoT equipment by comparing it with baseline algorithms.

개방과 공유에 기초한 정부 3.0이라는 새로운 패러다임이 국정전반에 확산되고 있다. 공간정보산업의 발전이라는 장기적인 관점에서 볼 때 항공사진의 공개해상도 등 공간정보 보안규제는 합리적으로 개선되어야 한다. 그러나 공간정보 보안관리체계가 합리적으로 확립되지 않은 상태에서의 규제 철폐는 자칫 국가안보와 같은 또 다른 문제를 야기할 수도 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 현행 국가 공간정보 보안정책과 공간정보산업 등 시대적 여건 변화를 고려하여, 보안규제의 완화를 위해 필요한 공간정보 보안관체계의 개선방안을 제시하는 것이다. 분석의 관점으로써 법제도적 측면, 운영 관리적인 측면, 기술 시스템 측면을 종합적으로 검토하였으며, 특히 공간정보 보안관리의 통합적 관점을 유지하였다. 공간정보 보안체계의 문제점과 함께 해외 공간정보 보안규제 정책을 검토한 후, 이를 토대로 합리적인 보안관리 개선 방안을 법제도적 측면, 운영 관리적인 측면, 기술 시스템 측면으로 나누어 제시하였으며 장기적인 보안규제의 완화를 위한 3단계 보안관리체계의 개선방안을 제시하였다. In a long-term perspective of development of spatial information industry, security regulation, such as limiting public picture resolution of aerial photographs, needs a rational improvement. However, unplanned deregulation of spatial information could lead problematic results such as national security issues because its present security management system is not established in reasonable manner. The main purpose of this research is to suggest the improvement plan of spatial information security management system to meet the reducing security regulation in accordance with changes of political and economic condition including current national spatial information security polices and spatial information industry. From an analytical standpoint, we examined the overall aspects of legal, operation management, and technical system while we maintained especially integrated perspective of spatial information security management. Followed by investigation of spatial information security issues, as well as its regulation and policies in overseas, rational improvement plan of security management is proposed in the aspects of legal, operation management, and technical system. It is also suggested the three-step improvement plan of reducing regulation of security management system.

The current industrial Internet is usually composed of heterogeneous network infrastructure. In order to adapt to different business scenarios, 5G network needs to improve the ability to flexible orchestration and realize the vertical deployment of service and infrastructure integration. Based on 5G network orchestration architecture and open source mano (OSM) technology, a 5G network scenario orchestration platform superimposed on heterogeneous 5G network resource orchestrator is designed. Furthermore, in order to effectively combine heterogeneous 5G network resources and provide reliable bearer for high-performance business scenarios, this paper designs a reliable path orchestration algorithm to establish equivalent backup paths between unrelated heterogeneous networks. This paper implements the scenario-based orchestration platform design for heterogeneous 5G networks and provides an equivalent path orchestration algorithm. Simulation experiments show that the proposed algorithm can provide highly reliable orchestration services under the condition of sharing heterogeneous network resources.

Since the Internet of Things (IoT) will be entwined with everything we use in our daily life, the consequence of security flaws escalates. Smart objects will govern most of the home appliances and car engines yielding potential disaster scenarios. In this context, successful attacks could lead to chaos and scary scenarios (www.darkreading.com). Unprotected personal information may expose sensitive and embarrassing data to the public and attacks may threaten not only our computers and smart devices, but our intimacy and perhaps our lives too. Because persons and objects will be bonded with each other, user consent becomes critical. Therefore, thing, object, and user Identity will be the focus of future IoT security solutions, yielding a Trust, Security, and Privacy (TSP) paradigm, which may constitute the Achilles' heel of IoT. While security issues are quite straightforward, mainly from background knowledge, privacy issues are far more complex. Privacy constitutes a rather challenging task, even for the m...

The use of multiple radio access technologies (RATs) is inevitable in future heterogeneous cellular networks. Various RATs can offer different throughputs, and thus RAT selection plays an important role in quality of service provisioning. In this paper, considering a heterogeneous network with two throughput classes, we introduce a new practical probabilistic RAT selection approach. In contrary to the common deterministic approaches, in this scheme, each user performs the RAT selection periodically in a random manner using an association probability determined by a central unit in the network. The user remains connected to the selected RAT for a specific amount of time and then again performs the selection. To find the association probabilities, the network throughput maximization is formulated. Since the resulting problem is not convex, we propose two alternatives, one with sub-optimal solution but lower complexity and one with the use of change of variables with optimal solution. Finally, numerical simulations demonstrate the superior performance of our proposed schemes in comparison to several possible approaches. Also, these numerical investigations indicate that our sub-optimal method works very close to the optimal one.

This paper introduces a structured goal-oriented agent-based process modelling framework, where advanced security requirements engineering techniques are combined with software security modelling approaches, to provide an environment within which the security managers and the analysts can easily cooperate to discover, verify and validate the new IT system security requirements. Without multi-agent systems engineering methodologies, the realization of complex information systems involving numerous interacting components would be prohibitively expensive, prone to failure and involve timescales unacceptable in today's security environment. By following appropriate methodologies, highly integrated and complex security management & control (SMC) information systems can be built to interact securely on a global scale. This paper presents an approach to design a multi-agent system managing a security management system corporate memory in the form of a distributed semantic Web and describes the resulting architecture. We present an information and knowledge exchange framework to support a distributed security problem solving in a PKI-based network environment domain. It addresses two important issues: (1) how individual agents should be interconnected so that their security capabilities are efficiently used and their security goals are accomplished effectively and efficiently; (2) how the information and knowledge transfer should take place among agents to allow them to respond successfully to user requests and unexpected situations in the security domain. We employ the concepts related to SAMARA - a security architecture multi-agents systems risk assessment. The focus of this paper is dynamic knowledge exchange among SAMARA agents. The co-ordinator agent together with a decision enabling warehouse (DEW) acting as a dynamic knowledge-based security platform plus direct intercommunication among the agents enable facts, commands, and rules to be transferred between SAMARA agents. Knowledge can be exchanged among the agents by using a combination of facts, rules and commands transfers

Almost cloud service providers are having their own architectures for providing a variety of cloud services to their customers, cloud service clients. These various architectures and services increase the complexity of security management policies, frameworks, and systems, because they would require different aspects of security solutions for their own architectures and services. Consequently, such compatibility issues make us difficult to design a common security framework, security management system, or security evaluation system. Recognizing the need to solve such issues, we analyze common security elements to be required for cloud computing virtualization, and identify requirements for information protection in this paper. We also identify possible threats that may occur depending on different functions and roles over the cloud virtualization environments, and define security elements and requirements to deal with those issues. We show a set of common directions or approaches to prevent any possible treats to cloud computing, and provide more efficient and systematic method of managing and operating cloud computing system.

In fifth-generation (5G) networks, the deployment of heterogeneous networks (HetNets) with macrocells layered over tiny cells is considered to be a practical solution to handle the growing demand for mobile traffic. The deployment of a significant count of small cell base stations (BSs) results in a notable rise in energy consumption. In this manuscript, Energy-Efficient (EE) 5G Heterogeneous Cloud Radio Access Networks (RRH to BBU), using Hybrid online green algorithm-based sleep scheduling and cost-efficient deadline-aware Scheduling Algorithm (OGASCDASA), are proposed. Here, the energy efficiency optimization issue is in the downlink of two-tier Heterogeneous Cloud Radio Access Networks (H-CRAN) by lowering micro and pico cells. Hybrid OGASCDASA is proposed for reducing remote radio side energy use when maintaining coverage and Quality of service (QoS) of H-CRAN. At the cloud side Baseband Units (BBU), hybrid Simulated Annealing with the Gaussian Mutation and Distortion Equalization algorithm with Battle Royale optimization is proposed to reduce the energy consumption of BBU by decreasing the count of BBU servers. The proposed EE-HCRAN-Hybrid OGASCDASA-SAGMDEBROA method attains 20.48%, 27.34%, and 32.24% higher throughput and 28.30%, 17.30%, and 32.94% lower delay compared to the existing models, such as heterogeneous computational resource allocation for NOMA (HCRA-NOMA-GMECS), energy-efficient hierarchical resource sharing in uplink-downlink decoupled NOMA heterogeneous networks (EE-HRA-NOMA-HetNet), energy-aware hierarchical resource management with backhaul traffic optimization in heterogeneous cellular networks (EA-HRM-BTO-HCN), respectively.

Özet Bu çalışmanın amacı, ISO 500’de yer alan kooperatiflerin web sitelerinin incelenerek sürdürülebilirlik çatısı altında sürdürülebilirliğin sosyal, ekonomik ve çevresel boyutlarına göre mevcut durumlarını ortaya koymaktır. Bu kapsamda, kooperatiflerin Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluk, ISO 9001 Kalite Yönetim Sistemi, ISO 14001 Çevre Yönetim Sistemi, ISO 27001 Bilgi Güvenliği Yönetim Sistemi, ISO 22000 Gıda Güvenliği Yönetim Sistemi, ISO 45001 İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Yönetim Sistemi, ISO 50001 Enerji Yönetim Sistemi sertifikasyon durumu incelenmiştir. Betimsel tarama modelinde olan araştırmada amaçlı örneklem yöntemiyle seçilen yedi kooperatifin web siteleri taranmıştır. Araştırmada içerik analizi yöntemlerinden yüzde ve frekans analizi kullanılmıştır ve veriler arasındaki korelasyon incelenmiştir. Analizler sonucunda sürdürülebilirlik kavramı kapsamında incelenen parametrelerle kooperatiflerin ISO 500 sıralaması arasında anlamlı bir ilişkinin olmadığı görülmektedir. Bununla birlikte kooperatiflerin tamamının sosyal sorumluluk projeleri yaptığı, %86’sının kalite (ISO 9001), %71’inin çevre (ISO 14001), iş sağlığı ve güvenliği (ISO 45001) ve gıda güvenliği (ISO 22000), %29’unun enerji güvenliği (ISO 50001) ve %14’ünün bilgi güvenliği (ISO 27001) yönetim sistemlerine sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Heterogeneous networks are comprised of dense deployments of pico (small cell) base stations (BSs) overlaid with traditional macro BSs, thus allowing them to communicate with each other. The internet itself is an example of a heterogeneous network. Presently, the emergence of 4G and 5G heterogeneous network has attracted most of the user-centric applications like video chatting, online mobile interactive classroom, and voice services. To facilitate such bandwidth-hungry multimedia applications and to ensure QoS (quality of service), always best-connected (ABC) network is to be selected among available heterogeneous network. The selection of the ABC network is based on certain design parameters such as cost factor, bandwidth utilization, packet delivery ratio, security, throughput, delay, packet loss ratio, and call blocking probability. In this chapter, all the above-mentioned design parameters are considered to evaluate the performance of always best-connected network under heterogeneous environment for mobile users.

Interference Cancellation (IC) is an emerging technique for interference mitigation and network performance enhancement. Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) has prominence among existing IC Techniques due to architectural similarity with traditional hardware for reduced cost effects. Moreover, SIC supports the transition to Fifth Generation (5G) heterogeneous networks environment due to flexible hardware compatibility. Therefore, in this study, we cover a detailed analysis of SIC in a multi-tier heterogeneous network through the system and channel-level mathematical modeling. Moreover, we simulated the heterogenous network environment to evaluate SIC success probability based on the number of users and Signal-to-interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR). Our results depict SIC as a potential promising IC solution for a heterogenous network.

With the development of smart distribution and 5G communication technology, it is a key issue to satisfy the quality of service for different distribution applications in 5G heterogeneous wireless networks (HWNs), In this paper, we propose an HWN selection method based on fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) and anti-entropy weight (AEW) for smart distribution grids to improve the network performance. Considering the requirements for various types of services, the subjective weights of network attributes are determined by FAHP. Then, the objective weights are obtained using AEW according to the pre-processed network parameters. Finally, we apply the moment estimation theory to get the comprehensive weights and thus select the optimal network. Simulation results show that our proposed method has a low average blocking rate and average handover rate which enables a reasonable comprehensive decision on HWN selection.

Macro base stations are densely overlaid by small cells to satisfy the demands of user equipments in heterogeneous networks. Due to their dense deployment, some small cells are not directly connected to macro base stations and thus backhaul connections are required to connect small cells to macro base stations. Millimeter wave backhauls which have high bandwidths are preferred for small cell backhaul communication, since they can increase the capacity of network considerably. In this context, association of user equipments to base stations becomes challenging due to the backhaul architecture. Considering environmental concerns, energy efficiency is a vital criterion in designing the user association algorithms. In this paper, we study the user association problem aiming at the maximization of energy efficiency given a specific spectral efficiency target. Firstly, we derive a quadratic upper bound on the total power consumption in heterogeneous network (access network and backhaul). Then we develop an energy and spectrum efficient user association method based on minimizing the derived quadratic upper bound, which indeed turns our target problem into a generalized quadratic assignment problem. Since this problem is NP-hard in general, we propose a heuristic algorithm for solving it. Extensive simulations show that our approach provides an enhanced level of energy efficiency compared to other well-known alternatives in the literature.

The electric power transmission network management is changing from decentralized to province-centralized mode to adapt to the development trend of power grid. For the current hierarchical management situation of transmission system, the paper mainly studies the centralized mode. Considering the difficulty of transform, security, the demand of bandwidth and augmentability factors, the paper proposes a hierarchical province-centralized mode based on Resource pool and states its architecture, realization methods and deployment mode of Network Manager System in Cloud, realizing the unified management, configuration and data sharing of the whole province. Deploying the network management system in the Clout is taking full use of the resource sharing, efficient management and on-demand resource of the Cloud to realize the intensification, promoting the scheduling intensive management level of Information and transmission. Introduction For a long time, the layered, graded, zoned management mode of electric power communication networks makes the network management system built and maintained by the way of multi-level scheduling mechanism. In order to fulfill the development trend of power grid, power transmission network management should be developed from the provinces and cities separated pattern to the province-centralized mode to realize unified management, unified configuration and sharing of the communication network data within province and achieve the purpose of concentrate and highly active management, reasonable resource-configuration and optimizing the structure of the network resources. Deploying the communication network management centrally is an effective way to enhance the level of intensive management, which, whereas, will cause the load that systems deal with increase sharply. However, Cloud computing technology integrates resources into form Cloud in order to get higher utilization of computing and storage, having a strong computing power and storage capacity. With the development of Cloud construction, deploying communication network management in the pool can improve data reliability and security. This paper puts forward a hierarchical province-centralized mode based on Cloud by researching on concentrated-model of Transmission Network Management, and describes the model in detail. Discussed Problems Power system communication network is the important technology support and infrastructure platform of the grid. As an important guarantee of power grid security, stability and economic running, communication network management system is the important technology means of the communication network management and maintenance. International Power, Electronics and Materials Engineering Conference (IPEMEC 2015) © 2015. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 596 Communication network management system At present, the general transmission network management system is divided into Element Management System(EMS), Subnet Management System(SNMS) and Network Management (NMS) in terms of the management level. EMS is based on the device manager and realizes the management of safety, configuration, performance and alarm for specific equipment; SNMS can divide the network elements into various subnets, not only manage the elements equipments but also the topological relation between them. NMS is a higher level than the SNMS and manage multiple SNMS systems at the same time through network. It configures the router for each business level, and also shows the network elements’ circumstances of each time slot and the business relationships at all levels in details. The relationship of different level network management system is showed as the figure 1.

The current number of mobile Internet users has far exceeded the number of PC Internet users.The construction of college mobile website is behind the PC website.An innovative idea which integrates mobile website and computer website into one system was proposed.Content management technology is used in the system.The system which mobile website and computer website integrates into college online content management system is developed.It allows colleges and universities to build the mobile and computer website at the same time.The construction and management of integration meets the needs of smartphone and computer access.The system would enhance the level of college information. Concept of College Content Management SystemContent Management System has back-office systems or processes between software systems.Content Management System focused on solving a variety of unstructured or semi-structured collection of digital resources.It can be integrated into structured data organic business intelligence environments, such as OA, CRM, etc. Content creators, editors, publishers use content management system to submit, and publish content.The "content" may include all information files, tables, pictures, and data in the database or video.Content Management System is used in college website building software industry establishment.College website content management system can simplify the construction, management and maintenance.The basic idea is to achieve the appearance and content of the separation and management.Content Management System is stored in a database or file system.The appearance of the page is to use a template to achieve.When a user requests a page, the page has a standard HTML page provided to the user.To browse through the use of templates, administrators only need to modify the template and feel of the site adjustment.Managers can focus on content design, and greatly simplify site management and maintenance.