Proxy Pattern Smart Contract-Enabled Secure Vaccine Model using ASC-MT

On the Internet, web applications are served from a centralized location i.e., server, for higher maintainability. However, in the centralized architecture, if there is an occurrence of server failure or crash, the web applications cannot be serve to the end-users until the server goes live again. In addition, in the existing centralized architecture for web hosting services, integrity of the hosted websites entirely relies on the third-party applications which checks for any possible threats in the system. In order to provide data integrity within the system and to overcome the above-mentioned single point of failure, we proposed the decentralized solution for hosting web applications, which provides more data availability to the end-users and maintains the integrity of the data. The proposed model makes use of the Interplanetary File System (IPFS) for storing and retrieving web applications, which provides high availability and reliability. In addition, the proposed model uses the Blockchain Technology for authenticity and confidentiality. The smart contracts are deploy on the Ethereum Block chain, which aids the service provider to manage the hosting service system. The proposed model also comparatively decreases the time taken to transfer the file over the IPFS using optimal path-finding algorithm. The proposed algorithm has a lesser time complexity when compared to the Bitswap protocol used in IPFS. The use of blockchain with IPFS cumulatively provides better authenticity via Ethereum Smart Contracts, which reduces risk and failure.

Port supply chains play a very important role in the process of economic globalization. Lack of trust of the mechanism is the main factor in restricting the development of port supply chains. Blockchains have great potential to solve the trust problem among all participants using port supply chains, which can reduce costs and improve efficiency. As the bridge between blockchains and port supply chains, smart contracts reconstruct the business process of blockchain-empowered port supply chains. In this article, we present an architecture of a consortium blockchain-empowered port supply chain system, and propose a system verification framework for the smart contracts of port supply chains with probabilistic behaviors. The smart contracts are modeled as DTMCs (Discrete-Time Markov Chains), which are automatically transformed through the BPMN (Business Process Model and Notation) description of the smart contracts. The requirements are specified by PCTL (Probabilistic Computation Tree Logic). Moreover, we implement the customs clearance process of the Shanghai Yangshan Port based on blockchain Hyperledger Fabric, and reconstruct the clearance process with smart contracts. We use it to demonstrate the effectiveness of this framework, and identify the smart contracts that do not meet the expected needs of users.

SummaryThe block chain is the emerging domain that offers the features like shared, immutable, and decentralized dataset that saves the asset's history. Security and storage are the most challenging aspect. The classical techniques' issues and challenges are an encouragement for developing a fresh block chain‐assisted IPFS model with access control policies. Hence, this research paper introduces an effective access control and authentication based on an interplanetary file system (IPFS)‐based block chain and access control system for attaining secured transactions. The developed method comprises five entities, that is smart contract, data owner, data requester, block chain and IPFS along with eight phases, to be exact setup, user registration, initialization, storage and data encryption, authentication, testing, access control, and decryption phase, to provide better access control and storage capacity. The proposed IPFS‐based block chain and access control system offered effective storage and secure transactions in the block chain network. The highest detection rate (0.870), lowest communication overhead (0.766 MB), and highest privacy rate (0.719) are all achieved by the proposed IPFS‐based block chain and access control system.

Abstract- The increasing incidence of forged academic certificates has necessitated the development of secure, verifiable systems for credential management. This research proposes a decentralized approach to academic certificate issuance, storage, sharing, and verification utilizing blockchain technology and the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS). The system leverages blockchain's immutability to ensure trust and transparency, while IPFS provides decentralized and tamper-proof certificate storage. Advanced cryptographic techniques, including Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) and AES encryption, are incorporated to enhance data confidentiality during storage and transmission. Smart contracts deployed on the blockchain handle the logging and validation of certificate records, enabling seamless and trustless verification. The proposed system demonstrates a significant improvement over traditional centralized models by providing enhanced security, transparency, and resistance to document tampering. Experimental results validate the effectiveness and efficiency of the system, highlighting its potential as a reliable solution for academic institutions and verifiers worldwide. Keywords: Blockchain, Cryptography, SHA-256 hashing, Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), AES encryption, Privacy, Tampering resistance, Forgery prevention, Operational efficiency, Smart Contracts, IPFS, Decentralised Storage

In order to ensure the data security and sharing efficiency of group robot systems in emergency scenarios, a data sharing model based on improved Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) is proposed. Combined with the Inter Planetary File System (IPFS), the distributed storage of system data is realized, and the efficiency and transparency of data link and system data query process are guaranteed through smart contracts. Aiming at the problems of traditional PBFT consensus algorithm, such as high communication cost, long consensus delay and low throughput, this paper uses K-means and node reputation evaluation model to improve the group robot system based on the actual situation of the group robot system in this scenario, and evaluates the security of the model and the performance of the algorithm through simulation experiments. The experimental results show that the proposed model has more advantages than other models in terms of consensus efficiency, throughput and stability.

Personal Health Records (PHR) system has attracted intensive attention due to its universal accessibility and low cost in economics. Because of high cost of storing data and access control, most PHR systems adopt centralized management, where an authoritative management center controls the entire system and PHR data is stored in a trusted third-party service provider. However, there are some disadvantages, such as fully trusting to a control center, suffering from a single point of failure, and data deleting. In this paper, we propose a novel distributed framework based on blockchain and IPFS (Inter Planetary File System), and a suite of mechanisms for data access control to PHR data. Smart Contracts are designed on the blockchain, and all data operations are treated as transactions. The symmetric cryptographic algorithm is used to encrypt the PHR data, and then all encrypted data is stored on IPFS nodes securely in distributed environment. The ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE) is used to encrypt the symmetric secret keys, and the corresponding ciphertext is stored and published in IPNS (Inter Planetary Name Space), so as to achieve fine-grained access control. Analytical and experimental results are presented, which show that our framework has ability to provide authenticity, confidentiality, fine-grained access control, forward secrecy, and traceability simultaneously.

Blockchain-based solution for COVID-19 vaccine waste reduction

BackgroundWearable devices have limited ability to store and process such data. Currently, individual users or data aggregators are unable to monetize or contribute such data to wider analytics use cases. When combined with clinical health data, such data can improve the predictive power of data-driven analytics and can proffer many benefits to improve the quality of care. We propose and provide a marketplace mechanism to make these data available while benefiting data providers.ObjectiveWe aimed to propose the concept of a decentralized marketplace for patient-generated health data that can improve provenance, data accuracy, security, and privacy. Using a proof-of-concept prototype with an interplanetary file system (IPFS) and Ethereum smart contracts, we aimed to demonstrate decentralized marketplace functionality with the blockchain. We also aimed to illustrate and demonstrate the benefits of such a marketplace.MethodsWe used a design science research methodology to define and prototype our decentralized marketplace and used the Ethereum blockchain, solidity smart-contract programming language, the web3.js library, and node.js with the MetaMask application to prototype our system.ResultsWe designed and implemented a prototype of a decentralized health care marketplace catering to health data. We used an IPFS to store data, provide an encryption scheme for the data, and provide smart contracts to communicate with users on the Ethereum blockchain. We met the design goals we set out to accomplish in this study.ConclusionsA decentralized marketplace for trading patient-generated health data can be created using smart-contract technology and IPFS-based data storage. Such a marketplace can improve quality, availability, and provenance and satisfy data privacy, access, auditability, and security needs for such data when compared with centralized systems.

BUS-Health: Blockchain and UAV Integrated Smart Medical Supplies

Diabetes is now an important global health problem. This paper presents a patient-oriented electronic health record system for predicting diabetes with machine learning. The diagnosis given by the doctor and the patient ID will be written into the Ethereum Smart Contract. Algorithms analyzed and compared using the Pima Indians Diabetes Dataset are Support Vector Machine, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Extreme Gradient Boosting, and LightGBM. We have also used a decentralized, tamper-proof storage, InterPlanetary File System (IPFS), for storing the patient reports off-chain, and we will store the corresponding hash generated by the SHA-256 cryptographic hash algorithm in the smart contract, having gas optimization as well as scalability. Patients will use the Proof of Stake consensus mechanism-confirmed transparent smart contract transactions to grant or withdraw authorized user access permissions to their health data, with a One-Time Password (OTP) allowing for additional security. In our experimental result, the Support Vector Machine yielded the highest accuracy of 85.06%, f1-score of 0.7928, and a recall of 0.8148, outperforming all other algorithms. This work significantly contributes to privacy preservation by enhancing the existing approaches for diabetes diagnosis in healthcare while keeping the privacy of patient data.

In the current situation, graphical illustrations are used in Digital clothing fashion. These clothing design specifications are built using computer technologies. In the internet world, the major challenges in fashion technology are forged products and untimely product delivery. Counterfeiting has always been a severe problem in the luxury goods business. To solve this issue, the proposed system authenticates the smart contract document for digital clothing design specifications based on the blockchain and QR code. Smart contracts are a set of simple self-executing codes or programs. It can run automatically when the predetermined conditions are met. It enables secure transactions and agreements to be completed without the need for centralised authority. Blockchain is a distributed, immutable ledger that makes it easier to record transactions and manage assets in a business network. QR codes are square-shaped matrices of dark or light pixels that are used to encode and retrieve data from computing devices more quickly. QR codes are used in a wide range of applications, from supply chain management to crypto wallet addresses. The proposed system has the following steps. Select the digital garment design specification file from the smart contract approved list. Verification authority checks whether the file has been approved file or not with the recorded blockchain data. After the verification process, a secure QR code is generated with the secret message. The generated QR code is included in the design specification file. This encoded file is uploaded to the IPFS (Interplanetary File System). This QR code symbol and a design specification file’s IPFS hash code are sent to the stitching section. This QR code is used to determine if the file has been tampered with or forged. The QR code is decoded by using the secret message and it displays the decoded product information. Finally, the downloaded data has been validated using the blockchain. This QR code encoding and decoding process experimented with the collected dataset which has 60 images. The action of the QR code analysed based on the with and without attacks.

Since the creation of the cryptocurrency Bitcoin, the interest in blockchain technology has increased, entering areas such as loT (Internet of Things) and data sharing. The main objective of this paper is to develop a system that allows the storage of data from loT services in a decentralized network with a blockchain managing transactions through a smart contract. The project was carried out using the blockchain Ethereum, IPFS (InterPlanetary File System) for storage, Solidity language for contract development, NodeJS for coding the simulation of loT devices, web interface and back-end of the solution. The MQTT protocol was used to transport data from the devices. Our main objective was achieved, as the tests carried out show use cases in which this solution has an advantage over the direct storage in the Ethereum blockchain.

Telecom big data generated by telecom networks have a high economic value. Thus, telecom operators actively explore telecom big data transactions methods to minimize the possibility of leaking users’ privacy. The existing solutions do not allow the data sets to leave the database, instead only allow the buyers to send data mining algorithms to the telecom operator’s platform for training. However, this centralized platform has a high risk of tampering. In addition, the currently existing solutions cannot be used to accurately and quickly trace the information of telecom big data transactions. To address these limitations, we propose a blockchain-based reliable traceability system for telecom big data transactions using smart contracts and the InterPlanetary File System. Two types of smart contracts are developed to store transaction information for tracing. Access control strategies and a reapproval prevention strategy are designed for ensuring the safe operation of the system and avoiding the problem of favoritism and fraud. We use Ethereum as a verification platform to develop and evaluate this system. The implementation of functions, such as purchasing data sets, sending algorithms, obtaining results, and tracing transactions in the smart contract and the implementation of the proposed strategies are verified. The results demonstrate that the performance of the proposed system is better than the existing solutions, and the traceability response time is improved to the order of seconds, so as to realize the safe and efficient traceability of telecom big data transactions. In addition, Ethereum and Hyperledger Fabric v0.6 were discussed to provide insights for future development.

The "Decentralized Storage Drive" project introduces a secure, blockchain-based platform for decentralized data storage and sharing. By integrating the Interplanetary File System (IPFS) for decentralized storage, the platform ensures that data remains immutable and resistant to censorship. Solidity smart contracts deployed on the Ethereum blockchain provide robust mechanisms for access control, allowing users to manage data ownership and permissions without relying on centralized authorities. A React-based front- end interface simplifies user interaction, enabling seamless data upload and access management. This project addresses critical issues related to data privacy, security, and ownership, offering a user-friendly solution that empowers individuals with greater control over their digital assets. Throughout the development of this project, a focus on security, user control, and decentralization has been paramount. The rigorous testing of smart contracts and the integration of secure authentication methods ensure that the platform is both reliable and resilient to potential threats. The "Decentralized Storage Drive" represents a significant advancement in the field of decentralized applications, demonstrating the practical application of blockchain technology in everyday data management. Key Words: Decentralized Storage, Blockchain Technology, IPFS(InterPlanetary File System), Smart Contracts, Data Integrity, Access Control

-Enabling cryptographically enforced access controls for data hosted in untrusted cloud is attractive for many users and organizations. However, designing efficient cryptographically enforced dynamic access control system in the cloud is still challenging. In this paper, we propose Crypt-DAC, a system The rapid increase in textual data in navigation tasks for devices like GPS or smart assistants creates challenges for managing and storing data in large-scale systems. Data deduplication, which reduces storThis project presents AgriSafe, a secure and transparent land registration system designed specifically for the agricultural sector, integrating blockchain and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. Recognizing the challenges posed by fraud and manipulation in traditional land registration systems, AgriSafe leverages blockchain to ensure immutability and tamper-proof storage of land ownership records. Advanced AI models—including logistic regression, support vector machines, and random forests—are employed to detect and eliminate fraudulent data before it is committed to the blockchain, ensuring only verified land data is stored. The system utilizes smart contracts for automated validation of land data, improving efficiency and accuracy. Furthermore, verified land information is securely stored on the Interplanetary File System (IPFS), with only the data hash stored on the blockchain, ensuring both security and accessibility. AgriSafe undergoes comprehensive evaluation, including AI model accuracy, blockchain scalability, and smart contract vulnerability assessment, delivering a robust, scalable, and fraud-resistant solution for agricultural land registration.age needs by eliminating duplicate data, offers a solution but raises security concerns. This paper introduces DEDUCT, a new method that combines cloud-side and client-side deduplication to achieve high data compression while protecting data privacy. Designed for devices with limited resources, such as IoT devices, DEDUCT includes lightweight preprocessing and safeguards against security risks like side-channel attacks. Testing on a navigation dataset shows that DEDUCT can compress data by up to 66%, significantly cutting storage costs while keeping data secure, making it an efficient choice for managing large-scale data systems. KeyWords: :Blockchain, Artificial Intelligence, Land Registration, Agriculture, Fraud Detection, Smart Contracts, IPFS, Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, Data Integrity, Scalability, AgriSafe.