Qos Management in Wireless Sensor Networks using LFQMS

Using wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in delay and reliability critical environments is highly desired due to their unique advantages such as low cost, ease of deployment, and redundancy. However, successful deployment of resource-limited WSNs in such applications requires strict quality-of-service (QoS) provisioning techniques to meet the desired latency and reliability targets of those applications. Implementation of QoS techniques in WSNs is significantly challenging since WSNs have been initially devised for low-data-rate non-real-time applications. Therefore, WSN designers and developers resort to different cross-layer interaction and optimization techniques to provision QoS in WSNs. In this paper, we present a survey on the state of the art of cross-layer QoS approaches in wireless terrestrial sensor networks to achieve delay and reliability bounds in critical applications. Our paper provides a unique classification of cross-layer QoS approaches in WSNs that allows surveying a large amount of studies with utmost clarity. Furthermore, we highlight the main challenges of implementing QoS protocols in WSNs and present an overview of QoS-aware WSN applications.

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) comprise of groups of tiny sensor nodes that are deployed for collaborative missions such as environmental monitoring, target tracking and surveillance. Due to the miniature size of the nodes, they are typically deployed in large numbers and communicate via multiple hops through a wireless shared communication channel. The successful implementation of such networks is dependent on the enabling technologies (such as digital electronics and wireless communications), as well as the provisioning of Quality of Service (QoS) in the network. While there have been many efforts in QoS provisioning in traditional networks such as the Internet and Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs), these networks have very different characteristics from that of WSNs. Consequently, the QoS models and protocols that have been designed for the Internet and MANETs cannot be directly applied to WSNs. In this paper, we look at some of the existing QoS mechanisms in the networking literature, and the inherent characteristics of WSNs which make it challenging to provision for QoS in the network. We then identify some key performance metrics for WSN QoS and outline some mechanisms to achieve QoS in the sensor network. Finally, we propose WISER - a framework to enhance QoS in WIreless SEnsoR networks.

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) have emerged as an important technology due to their unique characteristics and have a number of promising applications, such as remote environmental monitoring and target tracking. Sensor networks are made up of small sensing devices equipped with processors, memory, and short-range wireless communications that can form distributed networks. It has been shown that the design of a WSN depends on the application and it must consider many factors, such as environment, application's design objectives, cost, hardware, and system constraints. Quality of Service (QoS) is an important factor in most fields, where applicable layers and specific scenarios can be submitted. QoS faces many difficulties as a result of computational resource sensors and high energy needs. In this study, we analyze the prerequisites for QoS provisioning in WSN. We also introduce the top-down technique of QoS, also discussed the medium technique for QoS in WSN. Finally, we classify applications of QoS depending on delay and tolerance sensitivity, into two ways; cross-layered and layered techniques.

The selection of routing protocols is playing a major role in the device and proper utilization of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) that can help to provide better interconnection networks. On preserving the role of key performance, metric related to routing protocols is also an important and challenging task in the WSNs. Therefore, the sensor nodes life can be improved in efficient manner by using routing protocols that preserve the energy consumption and quality of service (QoS). Three different kinds of categories are used in the design of routing protocols which are data centric, hierarchical, and location-based approaches. Energy consumption can be improved by reducing the effect of redundancy level and transferring the passive motes sleep mode. The data transmission time also impacts on the energy conservation and QoS in WSNs. The surveillance and monitoring-related applications are the demanding research field in the WSNs that has to resolve the issue QoS routing in the manner of reliable data delivery. Energy consumption and QoS constraints are two complementary factors in the routing protocol, but the time delay factor can be involved in such a manner to satisfy both the performance metrics in routing protocol in WSNs.

In this paper a new method, Optimal Path from Source to Sink Node (OPSSN), is proposed for achieving the Quality of Service (QoS) in terms of packet delivery reliability and better energy consumption in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). Routing in WSN has more expected node failures than the traditional networks; so to establish a routing protocol which supports QoS in WSN, requires considering the reasons for node failure to improve network performance. In case of failure (node failure or link failure), this method will offer automatic adaptation to dynamic linking and low processing overhead by choosing the default path through intensive nodes. This method increases the number of spare neighbors for original nodes which are preserved for data transmission through them, to be used in case of failure. This algorithm is simulated using MATLAB. Results showed that OPSSN achieved better performance compared to LEACH in terms of network life time, packets received at Base Station (BS), number of Cluster Heads (CH) per round, and total energy consumption.

In the network field, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) contain prolonged attention due to afresh augmentations. Industries like health care, traffic, defense, and many more systems espoused the WSN. These networks contain tiny sensor nodes containing embedded processors, Tiny OS, memory, and power source. Sensor nodes are responsible for forwarding the data packets. To manage all these components, there is a need to select appropriate parameters which control the quality of service of WSN. Multiple sensor nodes are involved in transmitting vital information, and there is a need for secure and efficient routing to reach the quality of service. But due to the high cost of the network, WSN components have limited resources to manage the network. There is a need to design a lightweight solution that ensures the quality of service in WSN. In this given manner, this study provides the quality of services in a wireless sensor network with a security mechanism. An incorporated hybrid lightweight security model is designed in which random waypoint mobility (RWM) model and grey wolf optimization (GWO) is used to enhance service quality and maintain security with efficient routing. MATLAB version 16 and Network Stimulator 2.35 (NS2.35) are used in this research to evaluate the results. The overall cost factor is reduced at 60% without the optimization technique and 90.90% reduced by using the optimization technique, which is assessed by calculating the signal-to-noise ratio, overall energy nodes, and communication overhead.

Previously the cost and extremely limited capabilities of sensors prohibited Quality of Service (QoS) implementations in wireless sensor networks. With advances in technology, sensors are becoming significantly less expensive and the increases in computational and storage capabilities are opening the door for new, sophisticated algorithms to be implemented. Newer sensor network applications require higher data rates with more stringent priority requirements. We introduce a dynamic scheduling algorithm to improve bandwidth for high priority data in sensor networks, called Tiny-DWFQ. Our Tiny-Dynamic Weighted Fair Queuing scheduling algorithm allows for dynamic QoS for prioritized communications by continually adjusting the treatment of communication packages according to their priorities and the current level of network congestion. For performance evaluation, we tested Tiny-DWFQ, Tiny-WFQ (traditional WFQ algorithm implemented in TinyOS), and FIFO queues on an Imote2-based wireless sensor network and report their throughput and packet loss. Our results show that Tiny-DWFQ performs better in all test cases.

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have gained worldwide attention in recent years. Since WSNs can be conveniently deployed to monitor a given field of interest, they have been considered as a great long-term economic potential for military, environmental, and scientific applications and so forth. One of the most active areas of research in WSNs is the coverage which is one of the most essential functions to guarantee quality of service (QoS) in WSNs. However, less attention is paid on the heterogeneity of the node and the energy balance of the whole network during the redeployment process. In this work, the energy balanced problems in mobile heterogeneous WSNs redeployment have been analyzed. The virtual force algorithm with extended virtual force model is used to improve the QoS of the deployment. Furthermore energy model is added to enhance or limit the movement of the nodes so that the energy of nodes in the whole WSNs can be balanced and the lifetime of the networks can be prolonged. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of this proposed algorithm.

Due to distributed nature, dynamic topology and resources constraints of tiny sensing nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the quality of service (QoS) support is a challenging issue. However, satisfying the stringent QoS requirements is an open problem. QoS aware protocols for WSNs have gained recently considerable attention of the researchers. In this paper, we focus on the QoS satisfaction in WSNs, basics of QoS support in WSNs, and more importantly challenge, requirements of QoS at each layer. Furthermore, we review the QoS protocols and categorize the QoS aware protocols and elaborate their pros and cons. We also discuss the QoS parameters with respect to each protocol performance parameters. A survey and comprehensive discussion on the QoS aware protocols of WSNs are presented, including their strengths and limitations. Finally, we also survey some computational intelligence (CI) techniques and find the basic requirements of such techniques. Moreover, we study these CI techniques in the light of QoS management and tabulate the level of each CI technique for QoS management. The paper is concluded with open research issues.

In the last few years, interest in wireless sensor networks has increased considerably. These networks can be useful for a large number of applications, including habitat monitoring, structural health monitoring, pipeline monitoring, transportation, precision agriculture, supply chain management, and many more. Typically, a wireless sensor network consists of a large number of simple nodes which operate with exhaustible batteries, unattended. Manual replacement or recharging the batteries is not an easy or desirable task. Hence, how energy is utilized by the various hardware subsystems of individual nodes directly affects the scope and usefulness of the entire network. This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of state-of-the-art of dynamic power management (DPM) in wireless sensor networks. It investigates aspects of power dissipation in a node and analyses the strength and limitations of selective switching, dynamic frequency, and voltage scaling.

Applying multimedia to Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) adds more challenges due to WSN resource constraints and the strict Quality of Service (QoS) requirements for multimedia transmission. Different multimedia applications may have different QoS requirements, so routing protocols designed for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network (WMSN) should be conversant of these requirements and challenges in order to ensure the efficient use of resources to transfer multimedia packets in an utmost manner. The majority of solutions proposed for WMSN depends on traditional layered based mechanisms which are inefficient for multimedia transmission. In this paper we propose a cross-layer Ant based Routing Protocol for WMSN (CARPM) by using modified ant colony optimization (ACO) technique to enhance the routing efficiency. The proposed protocol uses an improved ACO to search for the best path that are satisfied with the multimedia traffic requirements. While making best decision the weightage is given to energy consumption, and queuing delay. The proposed cross layer scheme works between the routing, MAC, and physical layers. Since, the remaining power and timestamp metrics are exchanged from physical layer to network layer. Dynamics duty cycle assignment is proposed at MAC layer which changes according to traffic rate. The presented algorithm is simulated using NS2 and is proven to satisfy its goals through a series of simulations.

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) represent actually one of the challenging type of Delay-tolerant networks due their sparse connectivity and hard coverage. In addition, the emergence of applications with different types of traffic in these networks, assurance of Quality of Service (QoS) becomes more and more important. In recent years, lot of research has been conducted to improve the QoS in WSN. In this article, we introduce a Quality of Service (QoS) routing algorithm based on dynamic state-dependent policies. The proposed algorithm uses a bio-inspired approach based on trial/error paradigm to optimize two QoS different criteria: Energy and end-to-end delay. Our proposal, called EDEAR "Energy and Delay Efficient Adaptive Routing", is based on explorer agent who is responsible for collecting information in terms of energy and delay by using continuous learning parameters on the network and update routing maintained at each node of the network. The exploration of routes has been optimized by proposing a new algorithm based on multipoint relay for energy consumption, thus reducing the overhead generated by the packets exploration. Numerical results obtained with NS simulator for different levels of traffic's load and mobility show that EDEAR gives better performances compared to traditional approaches.

The evolution of wireless sensor technology allows for the provision of enhanced services to miscellaneous application domains. In parallel, Quality of Service (QoS) support becomes necessary to satisfy the needs of these new service models. This paper presents QoS requirements from a service model perspective and describes challenges for QoS support in WSNs. We also provide a review of current efforts in Medium Access Control (MAC) QoS support in WSNs. Then, we investigate various performance metrics of IEEE 802.15.4 standard in order to determine the technological issues that arise. From the outcome of the experiments conducted, using ns-2, we identified that different schemes of services and application scenarios for different ways of deployment, scales of network and traffic load can satisfy diverse user needs and requirements.

In the networking research community, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) has achieved considerable significance in the past years and it can be used in extensive variety of domains. In recent years, the tremendous growth of WSN does not meet all the necessities of environmental monitoring. Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network (WMSN) is required to fulfill the requirements of environment monitoring. In this paper, WMSN is used to monitor the agriculture soil environment. In order to ensure optimal use of the sensor nodes in WMSN and accurate access to the collected data,the routing protocols with both energy efficiency and quality of service ( QoS) properties are necessary for the transmission of photo, video and scalar data.This paper proposes a priority aware energy efficient QoS based data transmission for agriculture soil environment and also detects the pest. It utilizes the available bandwidth and data rate in the best way and in order to be more energy efficient during data transmission.For performance analysis, the proposed system is simulated using Java and the results of the experiments suggest that the proposed algorithm is more efficient compared to other methods in terms of delay and energy consumption.

At 2010, we are at the effective end of the first decade of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) research and that the aspects such as energy efficient routing have pretty much had their day as the sensing, computing and energy technologies have now moved on. There now seems to be a consensus in the field as to what the next challenges are. This paper will describe some of those challenges for the next decade and discuss some of the key impediments hindering WSN research. From this we report a small experiment whereby we try to take on board some of the critiques we put forward to see what we come up with. To this end, we indeed show how a simple solution can help to solve many of the problems we list, and in doing so, highlight some of the difficulties in keeping to our own recommendations regarding the future direction of WSN research.