Quality Evaluation of Semantic Web Application as a Service

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore useful Semantic Web technologies and ontology-based applications for digital libraries. It also investigates the perceptions of university librarians and academicians in Pakistan about Semantic Web technologies and their use in digital libraries.Design/methodology/approachAn exploratory research design based on Delphi research strategy was conducted to answer the research questions. Interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 50 key informants including university librarians and academicians to explore their perceptions about Semantic Web technologies and their use in digital libraries. Thematic analysis of interview data was conducted to obtain results.FindingsThe results of this paper showed that DuraCloud, Semantic information mashup, OntoEdit and resource description framework (RDF) are the various Semantic Web applications which are useful for digital libraries to develop semantic relationships among digital contents and increase their accessibility in the web environment. Findings revealed that Semantic Web provides precise results and meets user information needs in an effective way. Results also showed that next-generation digital libraries use context-awareness technology, intelligent agent software and detecting sensors to analyze user information needs and provide dynamic information services. This paper recommended that librarians should embrace the use of emerging web technologies in libraries and offer library services through the medium of the web.Practical implicationsThis paper envisaged the future of digital library services and Semantic Web applications that can be used to re-structure metadata of digital library. This paper has practical implications for librarians to consider the useful applications of Semantic Web for digital library and enhance the interoperability of metadata among heterogeneous information systems. Practically, results obtained from this paper are highly useful for library schools and LIS teachers to up-date their curriculum by incorporating new contents related to web languages and Semantic Web applications for digital libraries.Originality/valueThis paper identifies various Semantic Web applications which are useful for developing Semantic Digital Libraries.

In this paper, the parameters of hierarchical fuzzy systems are trained using the simultaneous use of Gradient Descent (GD) for nonlinear parameters and recursive least square (RLS) algorithm for linear parameters. One of the most effective ways to overcome the curse of dimensionality of fuzzy systems is the use of hierarchical fuzzy systems (HFS). Considering the learning abilities of fuzzy systems, two learning algorithms GD and GD+RLS have been used to teach HFS. The results of simulation show that, the use of HFS causes the decrease in the number of rules and results in better performance in identification. In addition, when GD+RLS algorithm is used for learning HFS, it produces better results when it is compared to GD algorithm.

Data warehouses have established themselves as necessary components of an effective Information Technology (IT) strategy for large businesses. In addition to utilizing operational databases data warehouses must also integrate increasing amounts of external data to assist in decision support. An important source of such external data is the Web. In an effort to ensure the availability and quality of Web data for the data warehouse we propose an intermediate data-staging layer called the Meta-Data Engine (M-DE). A major challenge, however, is the conversion of data originating in the Web, and brought in by robust search engines, to data in the data warehouse. The authors therefore also propose a framework, the Semantic Web Application (SEMWAP) framework, which facilitates semi-automatic matching of instance data from opaque web databases using ontology terms. Their framework combines Information Retrieval (IR), Information Extraction (IE), Natural Language Processing (NLP), and ontology techniques to produce a matching and thus provide a viable building block for Semantic Web (SW) Applications.

In the rapid world of technology, web development faces a complex but significant challenge, particularly in the development of quality web applications. In many cases, end users often assess the quality of web applications based on their error-free performance and user-friendliness as well as enable users to perform tasks quickly anywhere and anytime on any computer devices. Thus, each and every quality issue in the phases of web development process plays a crucial role in the success of a web application and determining the right quality attributes or dimensions can be a challenge. The web development process, carried out in stages based on priorities, presents multiple challenges in communication, management, and teamwork within web development team environments which may adversely impact the overall quality of web applications. This research focuses on the influence of the web development process emphasising quality at each stage of creating high-quality web applications. This will then bring into case studies and quantitative metrics to produce a framework for the web development team to comprehend and adhere to the key quality principles of web application development.

In the era of pervasive computing, the demand for high - quality web applications has surged, prompting developers to adopt robust frameworks and programming languages. This paper explores the significance of Java in web application development, emphasizing its reliability, portability, and object - oriented nature. By leveraging Java's features, developers can create scalable applications that meet evolving customer and business requirements. We discuss the architectural principles of web applications, as an example focusing on the performance implications of adopting a 3 - Tier architecture using Java technologies such as Servlets, JSP, and AJAX. Furthermore, we analyze factors affecting web application performance, including user experience, server capabilities, network conditions, and database efficiency. The insights provided in this paper aim to guide developers in optimizing web applications, ensuring enhanced user satisfaction and operational effectiveness.

In this paper, a new component-based Semantic Web Application (SWA) for Web-Based Education (WBE) is presented. This SWA is based on the IEEE 1484 LTSA (Learning Technology System Architecture) specification and the software development pattern of the Intelligent Reusable Learning Components Object Oriented (IRLCOO). IRLCOO are a special type of Sharable Content Object (SCO) according to the Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM). SCORM 2004 is used to create reusable and interoperable learning content. The SWA that is described in this paper is used to develop authoring and evaluation tools oriented to offer application level interoperability under the philosophy of Web Services (WS). Other used technology is AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript And XML), this is used for communication between component and LMS’s API. Jade, Struts, Servlets, JSPs and JavaBeans implement the functionality of the system under the model MVC. The new component-based model is blended with metadata (SCORM 2004, RDF, XML), to be used for the rule-based inference engine known as Jena and Joseki server for implement a semantic platform.KeywordsResource Description FrameworkContent SystemLearner AgentDidactic MaterialSharable Content Object Reference ModelThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Software as a Service (SaaS) has been developing for over ten years and, is reaching a mature level, where quality and its monitoring and management become significant. Although, SaaS is derived from the ASP model, SaaS background and architecture is different and therefore also SaaS quality management is based on different concepts. This paper is focused on the difference between traditional IT outsourcing and SaaS and proposes a set of quality attributes appropriate for the management of the SaaS quality. 1. Problem Area Service Level Agreement (SLA), a contract between service provider and service customer (Sandholm, T. 2005), is well researched in the IT outsourcing (ITO) context as a way to define the quality of delivered IT service. Now in the era of Software as a Service (SaaS), SLA is also used for the same purpose, but the context has changed - SaaS has different background in comparison to ITO from the business and technological perspective while the SLA structure, content and form should reflect such fact. There is a lack of research literature covering SLA topic in SaaS environment and this is the motivation for this paper. Firstly, we will summarize important literature and discuss the key differences between SaaS and ITO from the several perspectives to distinguish both terms. Then we will focus on the concept of Quality of Service (QoS), important for the structure and content of SLA. The final part of this paper will be dedicated to quality attributes of SaaS service with the objective to formalize the fundamental set of important SaaS quality attributes to be used while creating SLA for SaaS service.

Web services – a new breed of self-contained, self-describing, modular applications published, located, and invoked across the Web – handle functions, from simple requests to complicated business processes. They are defined as network-based application components with a services-oriented architecture (SOA) using standard interface description languages and uniform communication protocols. SOA enables organizations to grasp and respond to changing trends and to adapt their business processes rapidly without major changes to the IT infrastructure. The Inaugural International Conference on Next-Generation Web Services Practices (NWeSP'05) attracted researchers who are also the world's most respected authorities on the semantic Web, Web-based services, and Web applications and services. NWeSP'05 was held in cooperation with the IEEE Computer Society Task Force on Electronic Commerce, the Technical Committee on Internet, and the Technical Committee on Scalable Computing. This special issue presents eight papers focused on different aspects of Web services and their applications. Papers were selected based on fundamental ideas and concepts rather than the thoroughness of techniques employed. Papers are organized as follows: <I>Taher et al.</I> present the first paper, on a Quality of Service Information and Computational framework (QoS-IC) supporting QoS-based service selection for SOA. The framework's functionality is expanded using a QoS constraints model that establishes an association relationship between different QoS properties and is used to govern QoS-based service selection in the underlying algorithm. Using a prototype implementation, the authors demonstrate how QoS constraints improve QoS-based service selection and save consumers valuable time. Due to the complex infrastructure of web applications, response times perceived by clients may be significantly longer than desired. To overcome some of the current problems, <I>Vilas et al.</I>, in the second paper, propose a cache-based extension of the architecture that enhances the current web services architecture, which is mainly based on program-logic or protocol-dependent optimization. In the third paper, Jo and Yoo present authorization for securing XML sources on the Web. One of the disadvantages of existing access control is that the DOM tree must be loaded into memory while all XML documents are parsed to generate the DOM tree, such that a lot of memory is used in repetitive search for tree to authorize access to all nodes in the DOM tree. The complex authorization evaluation process required thus lowers system performance. Existing access control fails to consider information structure and semantics sufficiently due to basic HTML limitations. The authors overcome some of these limitations in the proposed model. In the fourth paper, Jung and Cho propose a novel behavior-network-based method for Web service composition. The behavior network selects services automatically through internal and external links with environmental information from sensors and goals. An optimal service is selected at each step, resulting in a globally optimal service sequence for achieving preset goals. The authors detail experimental results for the proposed model by comparing them with rule-based system and user tests. <I>Kong et al.</I> present an efficient method in the fifth paper for merging heterogeneous ontologies – no ontology building standard currently exists – and the many ontology-building tools available are based on different ontology languages, mostly focusing on how to create, edit and infer the ontology efficiently. Even ontologies about the same domain differ because ontology experts hold different view points. For these reasons, interoperability between ontologies is very low. The authors propose merging heterogeneous domain ontologies by overcoming some of the above limitations. In the sixth paper, Chen and Che provide polynomial-time tree pattern query minimization algorithm whose efficiency stems from two key observations: (i) Inherent redundant "components" usually exist inside the rudimentary query provided by the user, and (ii) nonedundant nodes may become redundant when constraints such as co-occurrence and required child/descendant are given. They show that the algorithm obtained by first augmenting the input tree pattern using constraints, then applying minimization, invariably finds a unique minimal equivalent to the original query. Chen and Che present a polynomial-time algorithm for tree pattern query (TPQ) minimization without XML constraints in the seventh paper. The two-part algorithm is a dynamic programming strategy for finding all matching subtrees within a TPQ. The algorithm consists of one for subtree recognization and a second for subtree deletion. In the last paper, <I>Bagchi et al.</I> present the mobile distributed virtual memory (MDVM) concept and architecture for cellular networks containing server-groups (SG). They detail a two-round randomized distributed algorithm to elect a unique leader and co-leader of the SG that is free of any assumption about network topology, and buffer space limitations and is based on dynamically elected coordinators eliminating single points of failure. As guest editors, we thank all authors featured in this special issue for their contributions and the referees for critically evaluating the papers within the short time allotted. We sincerely believe that readers will share our enjoyment of this special issue and find the information it presents both timely and useful.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse the global scientific outputs of ontology research, an important emerging discipline that has huge potential to improve information understanding, organization, and management. Design/methodology/approach – This study collected literature published during 1900-2012 from the Web of Science database. The bibliometric analysis was performed from authorial, institutional, national, spatiotemporal, and topical aspects. Basic statistical analysis, visualization of geographic distribution, co-word analysis, and a new index were applied to the selected data. Findings – Characteristics of publication outputs suggested that ontology research has entered into the soaring stage, along with increased participation and collaboration. The authors identified the leading authors, institutions, nations, and articles in ontology research. Authors were more from North America, Europe, and East Asia. The USA took the lead, while China grew fastest. Four major categories of frequently used keywords were identified: applications in Semantic Web, applications in bioinformatics, philosophy theories, and common supporting technology. Semantic Web research played a core role, and gene ontology study was well-developed. The study focus of ontology has shifted from philosophy to information science. Originality/value – This is the first study to quantify global research patterns and trends in ontology, which might provide a potential guide for the future research. The new index provides an alternative way to evaluate the multidisciplinary influence of researchers.

We present the ELEON/NATURALOWL system, an application of Semantic Web and Natural Language Generation technologies that combines a conceptual representation of cultural heritage objects with linguistic and adaptation resources. This combined model is used to automatically generate multi-lingual and personalized textual descriptions of cultural heritage objects represented as instances of an OWL domain ontology annotated by RDF linguistic and adaptation resources. Metadata and annotations are created using an authoring environment, which considerably reduces the effort required to port the system to a new domain.

The common access to the broadband Internet allows small and medium enterprises (SME) simpler participation in various supply chains [3]. However the main problem still is lack of consistency between processes which are undertaken by various supply chain participants. The aim of this paper is to propose the concept of broader cooperation between manufacturing companies based on semantic web and multi-agent system. The background of this paper refers to previous experiences of the authors by implementation of the CORELOG project. It promotes cooperation in logistics services among manufacturing companies located in the Bologna metropolitan area in order to increase companies’ competitiveness as well as environmental sustainability through the rationalization of the logistics processes. The application of semantic web and multi-agent system in the above mentioned project allows the efficient automatic data collection about logistics services providers and their resources, as presented in the Internet.

The knowledge graph, as a significant branch of Library and Information Science, has also become a vital part of Computer Science. In a bid to reveal the research trend and hot topics of the knowledge graph domain, this paper collected latest data about literature on knowledge graphs from SCI-Expanded and EI Compendex database. This paper took advantage of Citespace for visualization analyses of data, which discerned the research topics, hot issues and theme changes of the knowledge graph domain over time. Through analyses, we conclude that the knowledge graph has developed greatly in both Library and Information Science and Computer Science. In Library and Information Science domain, researches focus on the issues like the plotting of knowledge graphs and visualization of knowledge. In Computer Science domain, hot issues are the techniques of constructing knowledge graphs, which include entity recognition, knowledge integration, etc., and their applications in Semantic Web. Among all the research topics, the domain knowledge graph is one of the paramount research trends. Compared with previous researches, this paper keeps up with the times and can reveal the theme evolution of researches on knowledge graphs more precisely.

In this paper we discuss a new application of Semantic Web and Artificial Intelligence in software analysis research. We show on a concrete example - clone detection for object-oriented source code that transitivity closure computation can provide added value to the clone detection community. Our novel approach models the domain of discourse knowledge as a mixture of source code patterns and inheritance trees represented as Directed Acyclic Graphs. Our approach promotes the use of Semantic Web and inference engines in source code analysis. More specifically we take advantage of the Semantic Web and its support for knowledge modeling and transitive closure computation to detect semantic source code clones not detected by traditional detection tools.

Automatic service discovery in heterogeneous environment is becoming one of the challenging problems for applications in semantic web, wireless sensor networks, etc. It is mainly due to the lack of accurate semantic similarity assessment between profile attributes of user request and web services. Generally, lexical semantic resources consist of corpus and domain knowledge. To improve similarity measures in terms of accuracy, various hybrid methods have been proposed to either integrate different semantic resources or combine various similarity methods based on a single resource. In this work, we propose a novel approach which combines vector similarity metrics in a continuous vector space to evaluate semantic similarity between concepts. This approach takes advantage of both corpus and knowledge base by constructing diverse vector space models. Specifically, we use differential evolutionary (DE) algorithm which is an powerful population-based stochastic search strategy for obtaining optimal value of the combination. Our approach has been validated against a variety of vector-based similarity approaches on multiple benchmark datasets. The empirical results demonstrate that our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches. The results also indicate the continuous vectors are efficient for evaluating semantic similarity, since they have outstanding expressiveness to latent semantic features of words. Moreover, the robustness of our approach is presented by the steady measure results under different hyper-parameters of neural network. Keywords-differential evolutionary; semantic similarity; continuous vector space; vector similarity metrics

Semantic web has emerged as a web of next generation providing has various opportunities to enhance the over all performance of current web. The objective of this paper is to review the literature and to provide a critical evaluation of semantic application in the domains of e-business and telecommunications. Literature review reveals that a simple solution to the current e-business problem is solved by purposing a wrapper layer above the current state of the art technologies. We emphasize that telecommunication is one the strong area of research for semantic web implementation. Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis for using semantic technologies in telecom sector is found effective to make better decision, and business to business integration on the basis of intelligent semantic web services.