Quantitative research methods in ISLA

The purpose of the study to prove nationalism as a moderating variable among the influence on the integration of financial statements and characteristics can be accounted for to taxpayer compliance. This type of research uses quantitative research methods. Quantitative research is research with data analyzed in the form of numbers. Quantitative descriptive research methods with the use of numbers from data collection, interpretation of data and exposure of results. This research procedure is done by conducting a questionnaire. Questionnaires are distributed using google form. The results of the study found that 1) financial statements intregation, characteristics can be accounted, and nationalism attitudes have a positive and significant effect on taxpayer compliance and 2) moderation of national attitudes on the integration of financial statements has no positive effect on taxpayer compliance while the moderation of national attitudes on characteristics can be accounted for positively on taxpayer compliance.

This article discusses the tendency for some researchers to privilege positivistic and post-positivist epistemologies and certain methodologies (e.g., experimental and quantitative methods) over others in the name of scientific rigor. We argue that the uncritical privileging of certain research designs over others contributes to scientific bias and potentially scientific racism. There has been a longstanding epistemological debate about which research methodologies produce rigorous research. Those who argue that only research that examines causal links is considered real science neglect the other stages of the scientific method which also consider description, observation, and prediction, in addition to explanation. The focus on causal questions as the epitome of “real” science dismisses earlier stages of science that must first describe, observe, and predict before it can explain phenomena. We discuss less emphasized forms of validity (e.g., statistical conclusion validity, external validity, and construct validity), which are equally important to internal validity in addressing scientific rigor. We also discuss how the tendency to conflate statistical analysis procedures with research design works to dismiss rigorous research not focused on causal questions. This is especially problematic for research that examines underrepresented groups and marginalized populations who are typically also hard-to-reach research populations. Finally, we review previous epistemological debates that privileged certain quantitative methods over other quantitative methods and qualitative approaches and offer recommendations for how to combat scientific racism in psychological science.

Special education research is an interdisciplinary field requiring a broad range of methodologies. This paper focuses on group research, which can be distinguished from single-subject design in several important ways: (1) group research involves the extensive and limited observations of many subjects rather than the intensive observations of a small number of subjects; (2) group research emphasizes the average performance of groups of subjects rather than the process of change itself; (3) results are evaluated through statistical analyses rather than visual interpretation of individual subject data; and (4) results are more broadly generalizable across subjects, settings, and occasions. The distinction between experimental and nonexperimental strategies is addressed within the context of group strategies. Four classes (Cook & Campbell, 1979) of threats to valid inference which may be controlled by experimental designs are identified: internal validity, statistical conclusion validity, external validity, and construct validity of causes and effects.

Research in the last decade has expressed considerable optimism about the clinical potential of psychedelics for the treatment of mental disorders. This optimism is reflected in an increase in research papers, investments by pharmaceutical companies, patents, media coverage, as well as political and legislative changes. However, psychedelic science is facing serious challenges that threaten the validity of core findings and raise doubt regarding clinical efficacy and safety. In this paper, we introduce the 10 most pressing challenges, grouped into easy, moderate, and hard problems. We show how these problems threaten internal validity (treatment effects are due to factors unrelated to the treatment), external validity (lack of generalizability), construct validity (unclear working mechanism), or statistical conclusion validity (conclusions do not follow from the data and methods). These problems tend to co-occur in psychedelic studies, limiting conclusions that can be drawn about the safety and efficacy of psychedelic therapy. We provide a roadmap for tackling these challenges and share a checklist that researchers, journalists, funders, policymakers, and other stakeholders can use to assess the quality of psychedelic science. Addressing today’s problems is necessary to find out whether the optimism regarding the therapeutic potential of psychedelics has been warranted and to avoid history repeating itself.

Quantitative methods have been widely used because of the fact that things that can be measured or counted gain scientific credibility over the unmeasurable. But the extent of biological abnormality, severity, consequences and the impact of illness cannot be satisfactorily captured and answered by the quantitative research alone. In such situations qualitative methods take a holistic perspective preserving the complexities of human behavior by addressing the "why" and "how" questions. In this paper an attempt has been made to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of both the methods and also that a balanced mix of both qualitative as well as quantitative methods yield the most valid and reliable results.

What counts as “good” quantitative research and what can we say about when to use quantitative and/or qualitative methods?

This article examines the methodological choices of researchers studying the HR practices–outcome relationship via a content analysis of 281 studies published across the past 20 years. The prevalence and trajectory of change over time are reported for a wide range of methodological choices relevant to internal, external, construct, and statistical conclusion validity. While the results indicate a high incidence of potentially problematic cross‐sectional, single‐informant, and single‐level designs, they also reveal significant improvements over time across many validity relevant methodological choices. This broad‐based improvement in the methodological underpinnings of HR research suggests that researchers and practitioners can view the findings reported in the HR literature with increasing confidence. Directions for future research are provided. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The purpose of this study was to provide a comparison between the demand and supply aspects of live music performances in order to establish whether any differences exist between those aspects regarded as important by management and those critical success factors that visitors regard as important in achieving a memorable visitor experience. This research employed qualitative (supply aspect) and quantitative (demand aspect) research methods. The surveys concerning the visitors (demand) were conducted at six musical events representing diverse genres: classical, R&B, rock, blues, pop, and Afrikaans, where a total of 4,110 questionnaires were administered for all six genres. To determine the critical success factors in terms of what the visitors regarded as being important for a memorable visitor experience, a factor analysis was employed. The qualitative research method was applied by means of interviews to obtain the relevant information from the selected participants. All the data collected in the process were transcribed into text and presented in a narrative form. Creswell's six steps for data analysis and interpretation were utilized to analyze the data. Two themes were identified from the analysis; each of these was differentiated in terms of various categories and subcategories. The results from both the demand and the supply sides were compared with one another and significant differences were identified. The results of this research contribute greatly to existing literature and to the music industry as a whole, as this was the first time that research has been conducted on both the demand and the supply side. Moreover, this was also the first occasion on which both a qualitative and a quantitative research method was employed in research conducted at live music performances and where these were subsequently compared to one another.

This study developed and validated a machine learning model to accurately predict acute kidney injury (AKI) after non-cardiac surgery, aiming to improve patient outcomes by assessing its clinical feasibility and generalizability. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from 76,032 adults who underwent non-cardiac surgery at a single tertiary medical center between March 2019 and February 2021, and used data from 5512 patients from the VitalDB open dataset for external model validation. The predictive variables for model training consisted of demographic, preoperative laboratory, and intraoperative data, including calculated statistical values such as the minimum, maximum, and mean intraoperative blood pressure. When predicting postoperative AKI, our gradient boosting machine model incorporating all the variables achieved the best results, with AUROC values of 0.868 and 0.757 for the internal and external validations using the VitalDB dataset, respectively. The model using intraoperative data performed best in internal validation, while the model with preoperative data excelled in external validation. In this study, we developed a predictive model for postoperative AKI in adult patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery using preoperative and intraoperative data, and external validation demonstrated the efficacy of open datasets for generalization in medical artificial modeling research.

Analysis of model development strategies: predicting ventral hernia recurrence

In recent years there has been a growth of interest in breaking down the divisions between qualitative and quantitative research. However, although examples of multi-method studies now abound, there has been little discussion within the literature about the empirical and theoretical challenges that such eclecticism can pose. This article provides an example of a multi-method investigation into social scientists and their media relations wherein qualitative and quantitative findings appeared to contradict each other, and describes how the authors sought to explain and accommodate these discrepancies. Using this case study, they argue that it is incumbent on all researchers committed to the integration of research methods to deal with any differences that may emerge, rather than to resort to selective, epistemic prioritization as a get-out clause.

■ Problems of data reliability and validity continue to plague the social and behavioral sciences. Enhanced reliability of quantitative data has been achieved by such means as greater attention to instrument construction and testing, improvements in survey technology and sampling of targeted populations, and careful operationalization of theoretical ideas. The integrity of much quantitative research is compromised, however, when quantitative measures lack validity, especially when properties of groups and other collectivities are measured by responses obtained from individuals. Ethnographic and other forms of observational data offer important correctives to this problem. We illustrate the interplay of quantitative and qualitative research methods by examining studies extending ideas from Elijah Anderson’s Code of the Street to ‘neighborhood codes of violence’, the violence-avoiding function of street codes, and special problems of evaluation research as they apply to programs designed to control street gangs.

Social media is an online media, where the users can easily participate, share, and create any content such as banner, posters, videos and advertisement. Many companies use these social media as a tool to promote their products and make customers aware with their brand. On the other hand, not all companies succeed to market their products and make their products are at their customers’ awareness. The purpose of this research is to find the correlation between social media commu- nication marketing with companys brand awareness in social media. The research method for this research is quantitative research. This method collects data with explanative research type which explains the relationship between two variables. The result of this research is to show that marketing communication in a company has an impact to company’s brand awareness. In addition, this research wants to show that marketing via social media can give impact to company’s revenue. The summary of this research is to get significant information about the effect of social media toward companys brand awareness through quantitative and explanative research method due to the rising of social media.

Abstract.
 The purpose is to find out the using of Flashcard as an instructional media towards students’ reading comprehension. The study was done in the eleventh grade Nurul Ulum Tulung Agung Gadingrejo Pringsewu throughout the 2022–2023 academic year. The author employed action research in the classroom. Both experimental and control classes were employed by the author. The writer utilized flashcards as a learning tool in an experimental lesson, meanwhile the writer applied conventional treatment in the control group. The writer used quantitative descriptive research method. This study had a sample of 24 students as an experimental class. This study was used quantitative research. Pre-tests and post-tests were employed in the experimental class and control class to gather data. In the teaching-learning process, a test with 10 multiple-choice questions regarding the subject was used to gauge students' reading comprehension of an explanation text. This research used two cycles for the treatment in experimental class. To analyze the data was used the SPSS 16.0 App. There has been a noticeable improvement in reading comprehension skill as measured by the difference in pre- and post-test scores in the students of eleventh grade in MA Nurul Ulum Tulung Agung Gadingrejo Pringsewu. This research concluded that using Flashcard is effective as an instructional media towards students’ reading comprehension.

This article presents the basics of mixed-method research as a distinct methodology that uses both quantitative and qualitative research methods to create empirical research. The method of this study is a review. Through a substantive review, this paper explains the basic idea of a mixed method approach. The article identifies the main components of the mixed-method approach, provides examples, and describes how to conduct mixed-method research. A quantitative study involves collecting, identifying, and analyzing data. A qualitative study uses interviews or focus groups. An integration of both approaches helps a better understanding of the issue. This study brings out the role of mixed-method research to assess further approaches in future research practices. The combination of qualitative and quantitative research will enable a broader reach in empirical studies.