Quantum Perception and Quantum Computation

Developing quantum systems which are robust against noise are of prime importance to the realisation of quantum technologies. Without fault tolerance, we will never be able to preserve delicate quantum states for macroscopic time scales, a necessary requirement in the construction of scalable quantum computer. Topologically ordered models offer very beautiful mechanisms for preserving quantum states. In such models, quantum information is encoded globally over a degenerate topological Hilbert space which offers a natural robustness against local environmental noise. Remarkably, topological order is present in certain realistic condensed-matter systems. This provides a platform for accessing topological order in a laboratory. Moreover, considering condensed-matter systems enables us to combine topological features with other physical effects to enhance their behaviour. In this Thesis we study the physics of topologically ordered lattice models with defects. We seek practical applications of lattice defects for the realisation of a fault-tolerant quantum computer. The first result we present shows that anyonic data of point-like lattice defects, called twists, can be found by measuring the entanglement of the ground state of the host system. The data we learn relates to the capacity of a twist defect to perform quantum computational tasks. The second result in this Thesis concerns the dynamics of the qudit toric code model with line-like defects coupled to a thermal bath. We show we can entropically inspire fragile glassy dynamics in the system. Such dynamics qualitatively improve the coherence times of quantum information encoded in the ground state of the lattice. A novel way of achieving fault-tolerant quantum computation is by producing and manipulating twist defects of topologically ordered systems. In many ways, this paradigm of topological quantum computation is analogous to quantum computation using anyons. The first area of study in this Thesis extends the analogy between anyons and twists. Specifically, we show that the anyonic data of twists in Kitaev’s toric code model can be extracted

A Busy March Meeting Is Brewing in Seattle

Quantum mechanics is the most ground-breaking and fascinating theoretical concept developed in physics during the past century. Much of our present understanding of the microscopic world and its extension into the macroscopic world, including modern technical applications, is based upon quantum mechanics. We have experienced a remarkable development of information and communication technology during the past two decades, to a large extent depending upon successful fabrication of smaller and smaller components and circuits. However, we are finally approaching the physical limits of component miniaturization as we enter a microscopic world ruled by quantum mechanics.

Electromagnetic wave theory is the core part of modern science and technology, and these theories have made remarkable breakthroughs in recent years, driven by new materials, quantum technology, and artificial intelligence (AI). Unique electromagnetic properties are provided by new materials like topological insulators for applications; quantum technology expands the boundary of information processing; and artificial intelligence optimizes the design and analysis of electromagnetic systems. On the theoretical side, non-local theories, topological effects, and extreme condition models have become popular among researchers, providing a theoretical basis for the design of new electromagnetic equipment. However, the development of electromagnetic theories still faces many challenges, including the unification of quantum and classical theories, experimental substantiation under extreme conditions, and the computational complexity of multi-scale problems. In the future, interdisciplinary cooperation will be a crucial part of solving these core difficulties, and the combination of AI and electromagnetic theories is expected to drive the further development of electromagnetic technology and provide more efficient and safer solutions for 6G communication, quantum computing, and energy transmission.

Major countries like the USA, European Union, UK, Japan, Canada, Australia, Singapore, and China have taken significant initiatives to develop quantum computation infrastructure. India has also taken several steps to join the quantum computation family. The Indian government has taken several initiatives to build the nation's infrastructure on quantum computation and participate in the global quantum landscape. The Indian government has created a roadmap in this direction. The significant steps are: firstly, noteworthy budget allocation (1.12 billion USD in 2020 and 734 million USD for the National Quantum Mission in 2023); secondly, 21 quantum hubs are being developed throughout the country; thirdly, 4 quantum research parks have been created and finally, Department of Science and Technology (DST) has initiated QuEST (Quantum Enabled Science and Technology) programme during 2017-18. The article also discusses other effective strategies and moves by the Indian government, like different ambitious national missions on quantum science and technology to create the country's ecosystem. In that direction, the article addresses the opportunities and challenges of quantum science and technology for India. However, the Indian government should encourage quantum computation research more for the country's development. Finally, the information provided here depicts an overall view of India's quantum computation landscape.

This chapter covers metal-organic framework (MOF) design, synthesis, multifunctional applications, energy storage, thermal regulation, phase change materials (PCMs), and radiation shielding using metal/metal oxide nanoparticles and their polymer nanocomposites. The study discusses their potential in energy storage, PCMs, radiation shielding, electromagnetic wave absorption, and quantum computing. Researchers are investigating the magnetism of MOFs for application in molecular spintronics and quantum information systems, perhaps as logic gates or qubits. The chapter claims radiation resistance in MOF geometries influences protective coatings, space missions, and nuclear shield applications. High-Z metal oxides and conductive polymers in MOFs produce unusual UV protection paths and temperature control. Next-generation multifunctional material developments are made possible by the multidisciplinary effort—material science, nanotechnology, and quantum physics. We also investigate MOFs’ magnetic properties and possible applications in molecular spintronics and quantum computing. The work demonstrates how MOF spin properties might support logical operations and function as qubits in quantum technologies. Studying magnetical moment-lattice geometry interactions helps this work to open new quantum technologies.

The article emphasizes that quantum technologies are one of the key industries that can contribute to rapid economic growth and technological breakthrough. The quantum transformation of Ukraine's economy in the conditions of post-war recovery can become an important component of the state investment policy, which will stimulate innovative development and increase the country's competitiveness in the international arena. It is well-founded that its formation is one of the key trends in the development of the world's leading countries. Ukraine does not stand aside from global trends and strives for active integration into the world community, and therefore, for quantum transformation of the country. It is emphasized that quantum technologies have once already overturned the usual reality, giving us smartphones, ultra-flat TVs and, in general, all modern electronics. The second quantum revolution involves the introduction of quantum computers, quantum cryptography and quantum communication, capable of accelerating the development of new materials, optimizing logistics chains and increasing the level of data security. It is emphasized that the importance of these technologies is difficult to overestimate, as they become key elements in the struggle for technological superiority and have a significant impact on key economic processes. It was emphasized that the development of quantum technologies and implementation of quantum transformation require large-scale investments. Countries such as the USA, China, Great Britain, EU countries, etc. have already invested billions in the creation of super-powerful quantum computers, the development of quantum cryptography algorithms, and the scaling of quantum communication. It was emphasized that Ukraine needs serious efforts to meet the challenges and opportunities of the Second Quantum Revolution, as ignoring the quantum transformation will have serious consequences for the country's economy. It is justified that, exhausted by the full-scale invasion of Russian aggressors, Ukraine currently does not have the necessary financial resources for the development and introduction of quantum technologies. It has been proven that it is possible to improve the situation only if a balanced state investment policy for quantum transformation of the country is developed and implemented. A road map of the sequence of actions for the formation of the state policy on quantum transformation investment is proposed, the management of which will create a favourable environment for attracting investments and thereby accelerating the quantum transformation of the Ukrainian economy.

This Research to Practice Full Paper discusses an approach to motivating graduate computer science and electrical engineering students in the study of quantum computing. The U.S. Congress and other governmental and industrial organizations have recognized that teaching Quantum Computing in university-level Computer Science and Electrical Engineering programs is strategically important for workforce development along with technology development. Success in this endeavor requires generating genuine interest in the topic and motivating potential students. Quantum Computing requires an understanding of relatively difficult related subjects including physics, math and computer science. Many computer science and electrical engineering students shy away from quantum computing because of its complexity. This paper discusses our success with generating interest in quantum computing among graduate students and motivating them through exploring, in related courses, some aspects of quantum computing that have the potential to generate discontinuities. The approach is also examined in terms of the Scientific Learning Cycle as discussed by Wankat & Oreovicz. Opportunities and challenges of adding Quantum Computing to Computer Science and Electrical Engineering programs were studied through a student small group project in a cybersecurity course. The work built on extensive research into the effectiveness of small group projects and the role of “play” in learning. Our small group project on quantum computing was introduced three years ago into a cybersecurity course which is required for all students in our university's Masters in Computer Science and Masters in Electrical Engineering programs. The basic goals of the project are to teach students some basics of quantum computing by allowing them to “play with it” and to alert students to the fact that quantum computing is a rapidly developing new field that they need to follow during at least the next decade. The small group project helped students to explore the potential of quantum computing to substantially undermine current Public Key Cryptography and, at the same time provide a new approach to encryption that is even more secure than Public Key Cryptography. A qualitative analysis of discussions and assigned tasks suggests that this strategy succeeded in generating significant interest in quantum computing among students. They became motivated and immersed in a difficult subject despite the requirement for investment of significant time and effort to understand a complex combination of physics, math and computer science.

Quantum mechanics with radically novel properties: such as superposition, entanglement, and the no-cloning theorem, has begun to open up Quantum Computation beyond the scope of Classical Computation. In recent years, quantum technology has seen tremendous leaps both in academic research and commercial exploration. Quantum computation has started to find applications in many more new domains every day, from disrupting modern cryptography to enabling unconventional security techniques, from quantum chemistry to physical simulations, and from quantum machine learning to financial optimization. This paper first provides the conceptual groundings of quantum computation and explores blind quantum computation, a one-of-its-kind sub-categorization of quantum computing active research. The use of Blind Quantum Computation in Quantum Cryptography is elaborated in detail. Finally concludes with highlights of the applicability of the subject. The paper is an easy-to-follow guide introducing the research trends and open challenges for the new researcher in follow-up on the field.

The rapidly developing topic of quantum artificial intelligence (AI) combines machine learning with quantum computing to revolutionise data processing, boost efficiency, and address issues. However, quantum AI uses the ideas of superposition, entanglement, and quantum parallelism to execute complex computations much more quickly rather than relying on conventional binary computer systems. The promise of quantum AI in domains including materials science, healthcare, finance, and cryptography is examined critically in this study. Thus, by examining certain recent developments in quantum hardware, quantum algorithms, and hybrid quantum-classical models, this paper explores the revolutionary potential of quantum computing in artificial intelligence. Advances in quantum technology indicate a bright future for investigating the area of quantum AI in new computing challenges that conventional AI cannot address, notwithstanding the limits of noise, hardware, and error correction.

The rapid advancement of digital technologies, particularly the Internet of Things (IoT) and quantum computing (QC), is reshaping modern military operations by enhancing real-time data collection, autonomous decision-making, and situational awareness. IoT-enabled systems, such as UAVs, battlefield sensors, and smart logistics, provide military forces with operational superiority but also introduce significant cybersecurity risks, including espionage, cyber sabotage, and unauthorized access. The emergence of QC further complicates this landscape, as quantum algorithms can break traditional encryption protocols, threatening the security of military communications and IoT infrastructure. However, quantum technologies also offer revolutionary cybersecurity solutions, such as Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC), which leverage the principles of quantum mechanics to ensure secure communication. Despite these advancements, challenges such as the technological maturity of quantum solutions, high implementation costs, and global competition in quantum research pose obstacles to widespread military adoption. This chapter explores the interplay between QC and military IoT security, addressing both the vulnerabilities of IoT systems and the potential of quantum-enhanced security frameworks. By integrating quantum-safe cryptographic techniques, defence organizations can fortify military IoT infrastructure, mitigate cyber threats, and maintain strategic superiority in an era of increasing digital warfare.

Background. Quantum computing is a technology that has great potential to revolutionize various scientific disciplines with its extraordinary computing capabilities. Multiple fields, such as cryptography, optimization, and complex simulation, have begun to explore quantum computing applications. However, a deep understanding of how these technologies can be used effectively in cross-disciplinary informatics still needs to be improved. Purpose. This research aims to develop a theoretical framework that explains the role of quantum computing in advancing interdisciplinary informatics. The main focus is to identify potential applications and challenges faced in applying this technology in various fields and evaluate its impact on the development of science and technology. Method. This research uses a qualitative approach, a literature review, and theoretical analysis methods. Data were collected from various academic sources, including journals, books, and conferences relevant to quantum computing and interdisciplinary informatics. Analysis was conducted to identify patterns, themes, and relationships between quantum computing and cross-disciplinary applications. Results. The research results show that quantum computing has the potential to solve complex computational problems in various fields, including cryptography, optimization, and physical simulation. Quantum computing can provide more efficient and faster solutions than classical computing. However, the research also identified several significant challenges, such as the need for quantum-specific algorithms and sophisticated technological infrastructure. Conclusion. Quantum computing is essential in advancing interdisciplinary informatics by providing superior computing capabilities. The theoretical framework developed in this research can be used to further study and develop quantum computing applications in various fields. The identified challenges require special attention to ensure effective and efficient implementation of this technology.

The development of future technology allows the transfer of information transmission in quantum form to be more widely used. However, research related to data security is still in progress and is limited so that it can provide greater potential for data theft with quantum technology. One of them is the theft of visual information data (image). Thus, we need a data security system that can protect image information in quantum computing. Quantum image watermarking is a data security technique by inserting a watermark that aims to protect property rights for multimedia products, such as images. This study proposes a quantum image watermarking scheme based on (Least Significant Bits) LSB for copyright protection for color images. In the embedding process, the watermark image is inserted into the cover image using the LSB method, then transformed into a quantum state. In the receiver, the quantum value detection is carried out on the watermarked image to extract back the watermark that has been inserted. From simulation result, the quantum watermarking system obtains high imperceptibility, the watermark robustness to Pauli-X and Pauli-Controlled-NOT (CNOT) noise and high watermark payload.

In physics, we construct idealized mathematical models in order to explain various phenomena which we observe or create in our laboratories. In this article, I recall how sophisticated mathematical models evolved from the concept of a number created thousands of years ago, and I discuss some challenges and open questions in quantum foundations and in the Standard Model. We liberated nuclear energy, landed on the Moon and built 'quantum computers'. Encouraged by these successes, many believe that when we reconcile general relativity with quantum theory we will have the correct theory of everything. Perhaps we should be much humbler. Our perceptions of reality are biased by our senses and by our brain, bending them to meet our priors and expectations. Our abstract mathematical models describe only in an approximate way different layers of physical reality. To describe the motion of a meteorite, we can use a concept of a material point, but the point-like approximation breaks completely when the meteorite hits the Earth. Similarly, thermodynamic, chemical, molecular, atomic, nuclear and elementary particle layers of physical reality are described using specific abstract mathematical models and approximations. In my opinion, the theory of everything does not exist.

I review some recent advances in foundational research at Pavia QUIT group. The general idea is that there is only Quantum Theory without quantization rules, and the whole Physics—including space‐time and relativity—is emergent from the quantum‐information processing. And since Quantum Theory itself is axiomatized solely on informational principles, the whole Physics must be reformulated in information‐theoretical terms: this is the It from bit of J. A. Wheeler.The review is divided into four parts: a) the informational axiomatization of Quantum Theory; b) how space‐time and relativistic covariance emerge from quantum computation; c) what is the information‐theoretical meaning of inertial mass and of ℏ, and how the quantum field emerges; d) an observational consequence of the new quantum field theory: a mass‐dependent refraction index of vacuum. I will conclude with the research lines that will follow in the immediate future.