Quantum teleportation of wavefronts

We investigate continuous variable (CV) quantum teleportation using relevant classes of non-Gaussian states of the radiation field as entangled resources. First, we introduce the class two-mode squeezed symmetric superposition of Fock states, including finite truncations of twin-beam Gaussian states as special realizations. These states depend on a set of free independent parameters that can be adjusted for the optimization of teleportation protocols, with an enhancement of the success probability of teleportation both for coherent and Fock input states. We show that the optimization procedure reduces the entangled resources to truncated twin beam states, which thus represents an optimal class of non-Gaussian resources for quantum teleportation. We then introduce a further class of two-mode non-Gaussian entangled resources, in the form of squeezed cat-like states. We analyze the performance and the properties of such states when optimized for (CV) teleportation, and compare them to the optimized squeezed Bell-like states introduced in a previous work [12]. We discuss how optimal resources for teleportation are characterized by a suitable balance of entanglement content and squeezed vacuum affinity. We finally investigate the effects of thermal noise on the efficiency of quantum teleportation. To this aim, a convenient framework is to describe noisy entangled resources as linear superpositions of non-Gaussian state and thermal states. Although the presence of the thermal component strongly reduces the teleportation fidelity, noisy non-Gaussian states remain preferred resources when compared to noisy twin-beam Gaussian states.

Quantum teleportation has achieved significant progress in the optical frequency domain but faces persistent challenges, including high transmission losses and limited transmittance. In contrast, the microwave frequency domain offers distinct advantages, such as reduced absorption losses, lower energy consumption, and compatibility with superconducting quantum technologies. To overcome the limitations of optical quantum teleportation, this study presents a microwave-based continuous-variable quantum teleportation (CVQT) scheme designed for open-air environments at room temperature. The proposed approach employs microwave two-mode squeezed states, with entanglement enhanced through quantum scissors operations to mitigate environmental degradation. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the maximum transmission distance of microwave entangled states for CVQT is about 200 m at room temperature. The results also indicate that the microwave CVQT scheme achieves lower attenuation and higher fidelity over short distances compared to optical frequency CVQT under similar weather conditions. Moreover, microwave quantum states exhibit reduced sensitivity to weather-induced variations, highlighting their robustness and practicality for open-air quantum communication applications.

The progress in quantum operations of continuous-variable (CV) schemes can be reduced to that in CV quantum teleportation. The fidelity of quantum teleportation of an optical setup is limited by the finite degree of quantum correlation that can be prepared with a pair of finitely squeezed states. Reports of improvement of squeezing level have appeared recently, and we adopted the improved methods in our experimental system of quantum teleportation. As a result, we teleported a coherent state with a fidelity $F=0.83\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01$, which is better than any other figures reported to date, to our knowledge. In this paper, we introduce a measure ${n}_{s}$, the number of teleportations expected to be carried out sequentially. Our result corresponds to ${n}_{s}=5.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4$. It suggests that our improvement would enable us to proceed toward more advanced quantum operations involving multiple steps.

A quantum internet connects remote quantum processors that need interact and exchange quantum signals over a long distance through photonic channels. However, these quantum nodes are usually composed of quantum systems with emitted photons unsuitable for long-distance transmission. Therefore, quantum wavelength conversion to telecom is crucial for long-distance quantum networks based on optical fiber. Here we propose wavelength conversion devices for single-photon polarization qubits using continuous variable quantum teleportation, which can efficiently convert qubits between near-infrared (780/795 nm suitable for interacting with atomic quantum nodes) and telecom wavelength (1300-1500 nm suitable for long-distance transmission). The teleportation uses entangled photon sources (i.e., non-degenerate two-mode squeezed state) that can be generated by four-wave mixing in rubidium atomic vapor cells, with a diamond configuration of atomic transitions. The entangled fields can be emitted in two orthogonal polarizations with locked relative phase, making them especially suitable for interfacing with single-photon polarization qubits. Our work paves the way for the realization of long-distance quantum networks.

We analyze the statistics of observables in continuous variable quantum\nteleportation in the formalism of the characteristic function. We derive\nexpressions for average values of output state observables in particular\ncumulants which are additive in terms of the input state and the resource of\nteleportation. Working with Squeezed Bell-like states, which may be optimized\nin a free parameter for better teleportation performance we discuss the\nrelation between resources optimal for fidelity and for different observable\naverages. We obtain the values of the free parameter which optimize the central\nmomenta and cumulants up to fourth order. For the cumulants the distortion\nbetween in and out states due to teleportation depends only on the resource. We\nobtain optimal parameters for the second and fourth order cumulants which do\nnot depend on the squeezing of the resource. The second order central momenta\nwhich is equal to the second order cumulants and the photon number average are\noptimized by the same resource. We show that the optimal fidelity resource,\nfound in reference (Phys. Rev. A {\\bf 76}, 022301 (2007)) to depend also on the\ncharacteristics of input, tends for high squeezing to the resource which\noptimizes the second order momenta. A similar behavior is obtained for the\nresource which optimizes the photon statistics which is treated here using the\nsum of the squared differences in photon probabilities of input and output\nstates as the distortion measure. This is interpreted to mean that the\ndistortions associated to second order momenta dominates the behavior of the\noutput state for large squeezing of the resource. Optimal fidelity and optimal\nphoton statistics resources are compared and is shown that for mixtures of Fock\nstates they are equivalent.\n

Satellite-based quantum communication is critical in establishing a global quantum network for its ability to achieve thousand-kilometer-level tasks without the requirement of quantum relay. The free-space channel, however, is affected by diffraction, regular refraction, and atmospheric turbulence, which induce random wandering and broadening of the transmitted beam, resulting in the transmittance of fluctuation. In such a scenario, the ability to predict the unknown situation has become a problem worth considering. In this paper, we suggest a machine learning (ML) assisted prediction of continuous-variable quantum teleportation (CVQT) over satellite-ground channel. We apply the prediction algorithm, which involves <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math></inline-formula> -nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm and decision tree (DT) algorithm, to the squeezing parameter and the satellite altitude. Numerical analysis shows that the predicted parameter can reflect the actual derivation and calculation under certain circumstances within the allowable range of error. Moreover, we apply the prediction algorithm to the case affected by the fluctuating parameter transmittance. The results show that the ML-assisted prediction results are consistent with the actual data when zenith angles, turbulence strengths, and wavelengths are taken into account. It demonstrates the high identifying accuracy without increasing the complexity of the system.

We theoretically analyze the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) correlation, the quadrature squeezing, and the continuous-variable quantum teleportation when considering non-Gaussian entangled states generated by applying multiple-photon subtraction and multiple-photon addition to a two-mode squeezed vacuum state (TMSVs). Our results indicate that in the case of the multiple-photon-subtracted TMSVs with symmetric operations, the corresponding EPR correlation, the two-mode squeezing degree, the sum squeezing, and the fidelity of teleporting a coherent state or a squeezed vacuum state can be enhanced for any squeezing parameter r and these enhancements increase with the number of subtracted photons in the low-squeezing regime, while asymmetric multiple-photon subtractions will generally reduce these quantities. For the multiple-photon-added TMSVs, although it holds stronger entanglement, its EPR correlation, two-mode squeezing, sum squeezing, and the fidelity of a coherent state are always smaller than that of the TMSVs. Only when considering the case of teleporting a squeezed vacuum state does the symmetric photon addition make somewhat of an improvement in the fidelity for large-squeezing parameters. In addition, we analytically prove that a one-mode multiple-photon-subtracted TMSVs is equivalent to that of the one-mode multiple-photon-added one. And one-mode multiple-photon operations will diminish the above four quantities for any squeezing parameter r.

Quantum correlations and their significance in quantum teleportation under [formula omitted]-symmetric operation

We experimentally demonstrate quantum teleportation for continuous variables using squeezed-state entanglement. The teleportation fidelity for a real experimental system is calculated explicitly, including relevant imperfection factors such as propagation losses, detection inefficiencies and phase fluctuations. The inferred fidelity for input coherent states is F = 0.61 +- 0.02, which when corrected for the efficiency of detection by the output observer, gives a fidelity of 0.62. By contrast, the projected result based on the independently measured entanglement and efficiencies is 0.69. The teleportation protocol is explained in detail, including a discussion of discrepancy between experiment and theory, as well as of the limitations of the current apparatus.

We study the quantum teleportation under fluctuating electromagnetic field in the presence of a perfectly reflecting boundary. The noisy scheme of quantum teleportation affected by electromagnetic fluctuation is proposed. Then we calculate and investigate the behaviors of entanglement and fidelity, which are closely related to the plane boundary and atomic polarization. After a period of evolution, entanglement and fidelity evolve to zero and nonzero stable value respectively. Fidelity is closely related to the weight parameter and phase parameter of the teleported state. Besides, small two-atom separation makes entanglement and fidelity have better enhancement. Furthermore, the presence of boundary, atomic polarization and two-atom separation offers us more freedom to adjust the performance of the quantum teleportation. The results would give us new insight into quantum communication in an open quantum system since quantum teleportation plays an important role in quantum communication and quantum information.

Quantum teleportation plays an important role in quantum information science. In order to obtain the effect of quantum teleportation of a quantum state by using an entangled resource, the fidelity of teleporting the quantum state should be calculated. Braunstein and Kimble[Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 869 (1998)] derived a formula of calculating the fidelity of quantum teleportation for Gaussian entangled resource and any input state to be teleported. Then, the point is how to calculate the quantum teleportation fidelity for any entangled resource. In this paper, werealize this purpose by using the entangled state representation. First, we derive the Weyl expansion of any density operator by using the completeness relation between coherent state and P-representation. Then using the orthogonal property of entangled state representation and the traditional Kimble-Braunstein scheme of quantum teleportation, we further derive the mean density operator of the output state, which means that we establish the relation between the output density operator and the characteristic functions of the input state to be teleported and the entangled resources. The characteristic function of the output state is also derived which is in the concise form relating these two characteristic functions above. Then we further obtain a new formula for calculating the quantum teleportation fidelity for the coherent state input and any two-mode entangled resource. It is shown that the fidelity of teleportation can be easily calculated when the Q-function of the normally ordering form of entangled resource is known. This is a convenient way of obtaining the fidelity of teleportation. As its applications, some Gaussian and non-Gaussian entangled states are examined to teleport the coherent state, whose results are correct.

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.120503.

We propose a scheme of cyclic quantum teleportation for three unknown qubits using six-qubit maximally entangled state as the quantum channel. Suppose there are three observers Alice, Bob and Charl...

Using a class of three-qubit W states as quantum channel, we present a quantum teleportation (QT) scheme and a quantum information splitting (QIS) scheme, respectively. We compare our schemes with two similar schemes proposed recently. It is found that our QT scheme reduces the operation difficulty in contrast to Agrawal and Pati's QT scheme [Phys. Rev. A74 (2006) 062320], and our QIS scheme is more applicable than Zheng's QIS scheme [Phys. Rev. A74 (2006) 054303] for the latter is only a special case of the former in some given conditions.

摘要 研究了多能级原子与多模光场的相互作用.探讨了旋波近似下N能级原子与(N-1)模光场相互作用演化规律，给出了相互作用绘景中其相应的Schrdinger方程的解析通式，分析了三能级原子、四能级原子分别与双模、三模光场相互作用的演化规律.研究结果表明：当原子初始时刻处于基态时，三能级原子与四能级原子的基态概率幅具有相同的变化规律. 关键词: 多能级原子 / 多模光场 / 旋波近似 Abstract Interaction of multi-level atoms with multi-mode fields is studied. Under rotation wave approximation， one can reveal the evolution laws of an N-level atom interacting with (N-1) mode cavity fields， and obtain the analytic solution of the corresponding Schrdinger equation in the interaction picture. Furthermore，the evolution expression of a three-level atom interacting with two mode fields and a four-level atom interacting with three mode fields， respectively， are given in detail. When the initial states of atoms are ground states， the probability amplitude of ground states will have the same evolution expression for both three-level atoms and four-level atoms. Keywords: multi-level atom / multi-mode cavity fields / rotation wave approximation 作者及机构信息 张 明, 戴宏毅, 欧保全, 谢红卫, 胡德文 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号：60674040)资助的课题. Authors and contacts 参考文献 施引文献