Racial Justice Competencies: Guiding Points to Action

The present study examined whether positive portrayals of feminist men could increase men’s sense of solidarity with feminists and, through it, their intentions to engage in collective action in support of women. A sample of 102 mostly White men between the ages of 18 and 63 was recruited from Mechanical Turk, an online crowdsourcing marketplace. They were exposed to a short article either portraying feminist men in a positive light, a negative light, or describing the history of feminism without mentioning men. Men who read the positive portrayal article expressed more solidarity with feminists and greater intentions to engage in collective action in support of women than men who read either the history of feminism article or the negative portrayal article. Feminist solidarity fully mediated the relationship between positive portrayals of feminist men and collective action intentions. Consistent with research among women, the findings demonstrate that feeling connected to feminists is an important antecedent of men’s collective action in support of women. They also suggest a novel approach for involving men in collective action in support of women: building a positive image of feminist men. The implications of the findings for the men’s role in the feminist movement are discussed.

Regional Public Health Training Centers: An Essential Partner in Workforce Development.

Why, how and with whom? The impact of perceived ally motives on migrants’ support for collective actions

A literature review of proposed scientific field in occupational safety, public health policy and management in public health organizations and services. Evidence of occupational safety, public health policy and management that are encountered by Greek public health organizations and services, also limited global literature. Connection and contribution of occupational health and safety with policy and management. Provided evidence of the exact risks that are perceived by occupational safety in public health services policy and management. Comprehensive relative to possible occupational safety in policy and management, with established and new evidence of only study include Greek public health organizations and services. New information’s and knowledge produced, was verified scientifically. During the COVID-19 pandemic, global financial crisis, job insecurity, decreased salaries and social instability where working conditions changed, risk factors were affected, risk increased and interpersonal working relationships had a particular impact under the period of the pandemic, especially for health professionals who were in the frontline. This study can bear a significant impact and with the help of various reviews we give the global occupational safety, public health policy and management in public health organizations and services. Study conducted on the recent period for the last decade, published papers along in Scopus, Web of Science, Direct Science, and Elsevier Journals. There are very few papers published based on the very contemporary title considered for the article; hence, this identified several articles in the scientific literature, but only few articles were classified as eligible according to the previously established criteria.

Background: The development of health manpower is an important issue for the aim of the population to receive health services with quality, efficiency, and equity. Thus, it is necessary to have a plan to create public health academics who are capable in applying academic knowledge and managing tasks that are assigned to them effectively in planning, evaluation, and research development to be consistent with the changing situations at present. Objectives: This cross-sectional study was aimed to describe the situation, distribution, job characteristics, competency and identify factors associated with recruitment in public health organization of community public health professional in Thailand. Method: A total of 2,085 community public health professional staff were selected by multi-stage random sampling method to response the self-administered structured questionnaire. Multivariable analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with recruitment in public health organization among community public health professional in Thailand. Results: The results indicated that among 2,085 community public health professionals, factors associated with recruitment in public health organizations were; Bachelor of Public Health graduates (AOR=4.81, 95% CI: 2.99-7.76; P-value < 0.001), Bachelor of Science (Public Health) graduates (AOR=3.46, 95% CI: 2.06 – 5.84; P-value < 0.001), working in community hospital (AOR=1.99, 95% CI: 1.43 - 2.75; P-value < 0.001), work characteristics were corresponds with their degrees (AOR=1.67, 95% CI: 1.12 - 2.47; P-value < 0.001), graduated from public health college (AOR=5.27, 95% CI: 3.42 - 8.13; P-value < 0.001), graduated from public university (AOR=3.71, 95% CI: 2.41 - 5.72; P-value < 0.001), graduated from Rajabhat University (AOR=1.37, 95% CI: 1.00 - 2.02; P-value < 0.001), organization had position (AOR=2.49, 95% CI: 2.05 - 3.04; P-value < 0.001), organization employed correspondent with the graduated field (AOR=1.89, 95% CI: 1.17 - 3.04; P-value < 0.001) and employed close to the graduated field (AOR=2.21, 95% CI: 1.43 - 3.40; P-value < 0.001) respectively. Conclusion: Community public health professional personnel suggested that their profession development should be supported by promoting to a higher position with the same position code.

Issue It is well accepted that public health decision makers should use the best available research evidence in their decision-making process. However, research evidence alone is insufficient to inform public health decision making. Description of the problem As new challenges to public health emerge, there can be a paucity of high quality research evidence to inform decisions on new topics. Public health decision makers must combine various sources of evidence with their public health expertise to make evidence-informed decisions. The National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools (NCCMT) has developed a model which combines research evidence with other critical sources of evidence that can help guide decision makers in evidence-informed decision making. Results The NCCMT's model for evidence-informed public health combines findings from research evidence with local data and context, community and political preferences and actions and evidence on available resources. The model has been widely used across Canada and worldwide, and has been integrated into many public health organizations' decision-making processes. The model is also used for teaching an evidence-informed public health approach in Masters of Public Health programs around the globe. The model provides a structured approach to integrating evidence from several critical sources into public health decision making. Use of the model helps ensure that important research, contextual and preference information is sought and incorporated. Lessons Next steps for the model include development of a tool to facilitate synthesis of evidence across all four domains. Although Indigenous knowledges are relevant for public health decision making and should be considered as part of a complete assessment the current model does not capture Indigenous knowledges. Key messages Decision making in public health requires integrating the best available evidence, including research findings, local data and context, community and political preferences and available resources. The NCCMT’s model for evidence-informed public health provides a structured approach to integrating evidence from several critical sources into public health decision making.

Color lines: Disparities in pharmacy treatment, education, and practice

Issue Complementing ‘Bottom-up' and ‘Top-down' approaches, the Middle-Out Perspective (MOP) conceptual framework focuses on how middle actors can influence action by enhancing other actors' interest and ability to act. Middle actors exert influence sideways on other middle actors, upwards on policymakers and downwards on individuals. Middle actors can be immediate targets as potential allies or communication channels. Description of the problem Successive governments' longstanding voluntary agreements with industry have not protected children and non-smokers from secondhand smoke. Can the MOP enhance effectiveness of small organisations whose voices are ignored? Results The NGO Action on Smoking and Health (ASH) built a coalition of NGOs, practitioners' organisations, and others to advocate for smokefree legislation. Aggregating these voices made them more visible and their demand more influential. Involvement of trade unions and lawyers threatened legal action by exposed employees. Local government support and threats of local legislation changed the hospitality trade's opposition to support. Middle actors' supporters and members lobbied their MPs. ASH's professional expertise and reputation made them a trustworthy actor with legitimacy. The consortium led to the national government in England passing smokefree legislation in 2006. Lessons Middle actors can be agents of change, promoting desirable public health goals in a middle-out manner. Formal MOP mapping at the start of work can help public health staff identify potential non-traditional ‘allies' to expand the range of who are considered potential middle actors for a particular issue, enlisting powerful additional leverage in improving the public's health. However, middle actors are not neutral. They can contribute to better public health, but they may also be exploited by commercial interests to block healthy policies or promote a health-diminishing agenda. Key messages The Middle-Out Perspective (MOP) provide a lens to examine how actors positioned between government (top) and individuals (bottom) act to promote changes in a middle-out manner. Using MOP as a formal approach can help public health organisations and practitioners consider potential ‘allies’ from outside traditional health-related bodies or professions.

Introduction Innovation Labs are spaces that encourage the creation, development and testing of novel ideas within organizations.While there are known frameworks for the organization of such labs in the private sector, current literature does not reflect a framework for developing a public health Innovation Lab (PHI-Lab) specifically.The aim of this study was to develop an evidence-based framework for a PHI-Lab together with the Dutch Municipal Health Service(GGD). Methods Our design thinking study consisted of 4 phases: Discovering, Defining, Creating and Evaluating.An initial framework was developed based on the public and public health sectors in the literature.To create and evaluate the framework,a document analysis of the GGD was performed,and co-creation and testing sessions were organized with 11 internal and 11 external stakeholders of the GGD. Results The final PHI-Lab framework is composed of: rationale, enablers and barriers, environment, approach, outcomes and values. Findings emphasized practical reasons for investing in a PHI-Lab, such as the shortage of health professionals.Stakeholders highlighted that proactive leadership and innovation culture are crucial enablers for the setup of the PHI-Lab.The right space and human resources (environment) and methods including design thinking and cross-collaboration (approach) were highlighted as important strategies for overcoming innovation challenges.Despite barriers such as bureaucracy and resource limitations, tailoring solutions to organizational objectives is key to the PHI-Lab’s success and sustainability, with added values of inclusiveness, adaptability and fun. Conclusions This study highlighted some practical additions to the initial framework that are specific to the public health setting, although mostly an adaptation from the public sector.Findings emphasize that there isn’t a one-size-fits-all solution to develop a PHI-Lab.This framework has the intention of benefiting other public health organizations. Key messages • The framework has the intention of benefiting other public health organizations within established networks and partnerships. • Proactive leadership and innovation culture are crucial enablers for the organizational setup of the innovation lab.

In this inaugural issue of the revived journal, Public Health Reviews, we seek to address a wide audience from the myriad disciplines that comprise the workforce of public health. In this effort, we hope to reach public health educators, researchers, students, policy makers, and practitioners worldwide with evidence-based theoretical and experiential knowledge. Applied nationally and internationally, public health has enormous global potential to save lives and improve quality of life if applied equitably throughout the world. The inaugural issue is therefore devoted to the New Public Health, as the basis for improving population health globally.The central idea behind this issue is to focus on some of the major challenges and possibilities for improving health in the coming decades. The New Public Health involves the interdependence of traditional local, state or provincial, national, and global public health initiatives and their societal and political contexts. European societies, as others, face the challenges of ageing populations, increasing costs and rising public and individual expectations. At the same time, there are many social, regional, and transnational disparities.1,2The New Public Health addresses traditional aspects of public health, as well as the great potential for prevention-oriented healthcare systems. The New Public Health seeks to safeguard and improve individual health in the context of social and economic disparities that exist in varying degrees in all countries and regions. Furthering the New Public Health implies crossfertilization between public health protection, health promotion, disease prevention, health maintenance, and environmental health in the context of improvement of societal, economic, industrial and community habitation policies. Management of health systems and resource allocation are crucial to setting priorities in prevention, and the effective organization and provision of health services are a cornerstone of society's responsibility for the health and well-being of the population.The New Public Health is not a new vision of what health should be; it is a strategic and equitable application of current best practices across the broadest aspects of social policy, public health, and healthcare systems. Ultimately, the New Public Health relies on the adoption of effective policies and programs based on the cumulative experience and available scientific evidence. Such programs and policies must be targeted to individuals, to groups at special risk, to communities, and to societies across the globe.In this issue, we seek to present the interdependence of social and health policy with examples illustrating the interconnectedness of healthcare systems issues. The topics included are not encyclopedic of all the vital issues facing public health systems in the 21st century. Many of those that are not included in this first issue will be addressed in later issues of the journal. Accordingly, we start with the application of science to public health practice, as in the case of Helicobacter pylori, and we move on through health systems, organization of public health, chronic diseases, micronutrient deficiencies and infectious diseases.In this issue, we include:Preface,3 and Foreword: Reminiscences of Helicobacter pylori.4 Respectively by Theodore Tulchinsky, Antoine Flahault, and Robin Warren (Nobel Prize 2005, Western Australia), who relates his experience of scientific discovery that was ultimately embraced by medical and public health practitioners and policy makers. This fascinating historical account provides a vivid example of translating science into practice with major impacts on population health and health services.Editorial: Why a journal called Public Health Reviews?5 Antoine Flahault and Linda Fried present the renewal of this journal with a wider international scope, reaching out to a European and worldwide readership.What is the "New Public Health"? …

Advantaged group members have an important role to play in creating social change, and intergroup contact has tremendous implications in shaping intergroup relations. However, little research has examined how intergroup contact predicts advantaged group members’ inclinations toward collective action to support the interests of disadvantaged groups. The present research investigates how contact with Black Americans shapes White Americans’ willingness to engage in collective action for racial justice and support for the Black Lives Matter movement. Three studies of White Americans (total N = 821) consistently reveal that positive contact with Black Americans predicts greater support for collective action through a sequential process of fostering greater feelings of empathy for Black Americans and anger over injustice. These findings hold even when taking into account other relevant psychological factors (i.e., White guilt and identification, negative contact, group efficacy, and moral convictions). The present research contributes to our understanding of how advantaged group members come to engage in social change efforts.

In an attempt to move the field of public health from documenting health disparities to acting to rectify them, in 2001, the American Public Health Association (APHA) recognized racism as a fundamental cause of racial health disparities. Both APHA and the Council on Education for Public Health have moved to incorporate new competencies in health equity for public health professionals. As schools and programs of public health work to establish curricular offerings in race and racism, a need exists to identify approaches currently in use that can be replicated, adapted, and scaled. This systematic review sought to identify pedagogical methods and curricula that exist to support the training of US public health students in understanding racism as a structural determinant of health. We found 11 examples from peer-reviewed literature of curricula, lessons, and competencies that have been developed by public health faculty and departments since 2006. The articles discussed a range of approaches to teaching about structural racism in public health, suggesting that little consensus may exist on how to best teach this material. Furthermore, we found little rigorous evaluation of these teaching methods and curricula. The results of this review suggest future research is needed on public health pedagogy on structural racism.

The need for metrics to measure progress on racial equity in global public health and medicine

Social justice is often described as the ‘foundation of public health.’ Yet, outside of the theoretical literature the polysemous nature of the concept is rarely acknowledged. To complement recent contributions to normative theory specifically motivated by questions of social justice in public health, this study explores public health policy-makers’ perspectives on the meaning and role of social justice in their practice. This study involved twenty qualitative, semi-structured interviews with public health policy-makers recruited from two programmatic areas of public health [chronic disease prevention (CDP) and public health emergency preparedness and response (PHEPR)] within public health organizations in Canada. Participants’ perspectives appeared to be influenced by the perceived goals belonging to the programmatic area of public health in which they practiced. Those involved in PHEPR indicated that justice-based considerations are viewed as a ‘constraint’ on the aims of this area of practice, which are to minimize overall morbidity and mortality, whereas those involved in CDP indicated that justice-based considerations are ‘part and parcel’ of their work, which seeks primarily to address the unique health needs of (and thus, disparities between) population groups. The aims and activities of different programmatic areas of public health may influence the way in which social justice is perceived in practice. More ought to be done (in theory and in practice) to interrogate how the unique contributions that individual programmatic areas of public health can and should cohere in order to realize the broader aim that public health has as an institution to promote social justice.

This study explores innovative, ethical leadership approaches using artificial intelligence (AI) and fractal geometry in public health while fostering sustainable business practices within public health systems. The research employs a qualitative methodology based on case studies, secondary data analysis, and fractal-based AI algorithm evaluations. It examines advanced algorithms' technical applications in public health settings, improving data privacy, copyright, and intellectual property protection. The study finds that fractal algorithms offer robust solutions for promoting ethical leadership in AI-driven public health systems. Fractal geometry's complexity and self-similarity improve predictive modeling, resource allocation, and system transparency while ensuring legal and ethical compliance. By applying fractal algorithms, public health organizations can improve privacy protection, intellectual property management, and ethical governance. The study highlights the need for further research on practical applications, optimization of fractal algorithms, and overcoming the computational demands associated with their deployment in public health. Ethical leadership approaches supported by fractal algorithms can drive more equitable and secure public health interventions, enhancing trust in AI-driven solutions and reducing healthcare access and outcomes disparities. This research presents a novel integration of fractal geometry and AI to address critical ethical issues in public health, providing innovative solutions for data privacy, intellectual property protection, and ethical leadership practices.