Radioiodine in the Savannah River Site environment

Evaporation of High Level and Low Activity (HLW & LAW) radioactive wastes for the purposes of radionuclide separation and volume reduction has been conducted at the Savannah River and Hanford Sites for more than forty years. Additionally, the Savannah River Site (SRS) has used evaporators in preparing HLW for immobilization into a borosilicate glass matrix. The Hanford River Protection Project (RPP) is in the process of building the world’s largest radioactive waste treatment facility, Waste Treatment Plant (WTP), which will use evaporators to concentrate the liquid waste and plant recycles prior to immobilization into a borosilicate glass matrix. Radioactive waste is evaporated at each site using various evaporator designs (e.g., forced circulation, horizontal bent tube). While the equipment used to evaporate radioactive waste is relatively simple in design, the complexity in the evaporator processes in current service and in those currently in the design stages stems from the heterogeneous nature of the waste and the effects of seemingly minor components (e.g., Si) on the process. Aqueous electrolyte thermodynamic modeling and experiments have been conducted by the SRS Savannah River Technology Center (SRTC) in support of the SRS HLW and Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) Evaporators and the Hanford RPP WTP. After 40 years of successful operation, accumulation of two solid phases (a nitrated aluminosilicate, Na8AL6Si6O24(NO3)2•4H2O and sodium diuranate, Na2U2O7) developed as an insoluble phase in the Savannah River Site (SRS) 2H evaporator in 1996. The aluminosilicate scale deposit caused the SRS 2-H evaporator to become completely inoperable by October 1999. Accumulation of the sodium diuranate phase on the aluminosilicate scale has caused criticality concerns. Modeling and experiments were conducted to develop a method to control the process chemistry in order to prevent the formation of aluminosilicate deposits in the future. The lessons learned from the development, design, and operation of the SRS waste treatment facilities and the currently operating 242-A Hanford HLW evaporators were applied by SRTC in support of the development and design of the Hanford WTP evaporators. Thermodynamic equilibrium modeling along with solubility and physical property experiments are being conducted to develop process control and flow sheet models. Additionally, lessons learned from the development of an advanced antifoam agent for the SRS vitrification process evaporators are being applied to the testing and development of an antifoam agent for the Hanford WTP evaporators. This paper will discuss the methodologies, results, and achievements of the SRTC evaporator development program that was conducted in support of the SRS and Hanford WTP evaporator processes. The “cross-pollination” and application of waste treatment technologies and methods between the Savannah River and Hanford Sites will be highlighted. The “cross-pollination” of technologies and methods is expected to benefit the Department of Energy’s Mission Acceleration efforts by reducing the overall cost and time for the development of the baseline waste treatment processes.

This study examined radiocesium (137Cs) levels in fish from the vicinity of the Department of Energy's Savannah River Site (SRS), a former nuclear weapons production facility in South Carolina. Fish from the Savannah River were sampled above (upstream), along, and below (downstream) the SRS, and from Steel Creek, a tributary that runs through the SRS. There was some off-site contamination of 137Cs in the Savannah River watershed due to low-level releases from past nuclear production on the SRS. The null hypotheses tested were that there would be no differences in 137Cs levels as a function of location along the river, and between species collected from the river and from Steel Creek on the SRS. For six of eight species of fish collected from the Savannah River, there were no differences in 137Cs levels in muscle from fish collected above, along, or below the SRS; exceptions were bowfin and shellcracker. Fish collected from Steel Creek had significantly higher levels (by about an order of magnitude) of 137Cs in muscle tissue than fish collected in the Savannah River. However, no fish from either Steel Creek or the Savannah River had 137Cs levels above the European Economic Community limit for fresh meat of 0.6 Bq/g. Lifetime cancer risk was calculated using the cancer slope factor of 3.2 x 10(-11)/pCi, and various fish consumption scenarios reflecting actual data from Savannah River fishermen. Using mean 137Cs concentrations and median fish consumption for 70 years for Black males-the group with the highest consumption-the excess lifetime risk associated with the eight species of fish in the Savannah River ranged from 9.0 x 10(-7) to 1.0 x 10(-5). The same calculation for fish from Steel Creek gave risk estimates from 1.4 to 8.0 x 10(-5). The 95% level for consumption by Blacks, however, was about 70 kg/year. Black fishermen consuming that amount of bass from Steel Creek would sustain a lifetime risk of 3.1 x 10(-4), whereas the same consumption of Savannah River bass would yield a risk estimate of 1.5 x 10(-5).

The Savannah River Site (SRS) Figure 1 is a 310-square-mile United States Department of Energy nuclear facility located along the Savannah River near Aiken, South Carolina. During operations, which started in 1951, hazardous substances (chemicals and radionuclides) were released to the environment. The releases occurred as a result of inadvertent spills and waste disposal in unlined pits and basins which was common practice before environmental regulations existed. The hazardous substances have migrated to the vadose zone and groundwater in many areas of the SRS, resulting in 515 waste units that are required by environmental regulations, to undergo characterization and, if needed, remediation. In the initial years of the SRS environmental cleanup program (early 1990s), the focus was to use common technologies (such as pump and treat, air stripping, excavation and removal) that actively and tangibly removed contamination. Exclusive use of these technologies required continued and significant funding while often failing to meet acceptable clean-up goals and objectives. Recognizing that a more cost-effective approach was needed, SRS implemented new and complementary remediation methods focused on active and passive technologies targeted to solve specific remediation problems. Today, SRS uses technologies such as chemical / pH-adjusting injection, phytoremediation, underground cutoff walls, dynamic underground stripping, soil fracturing, microbial degradation, baroballs, electrical resistance heating, soil vapor extraction, and microblowers to more effectively treat contamination at lower costs. Additionally, SRS’s remediation approach cost effectively maximizes cleanup as SRS works proactively with multiple regulatory agencies. Using GIS, video, animation, and graphics, SRS is able to provide an accurate depiction of the evolution of SRS groundwater and vadose zone cleanup activities to convince stakeholders and regulators of the effectiveness of various cleanup technologies. Remediating large, complex groundwater plumes using state of-the art technologies and approaches is a hallmark of years of experience and progress. Environmental restoration at SRS continues to be a challenging and dynamic process as new cleanup technologies and approaches are adopted.

This Environmental Assessment (EA) reviews the environmental consequences associated with the proposed action of granting a site use permit to construct and operate a conference center on an approximately 70-acre tract of land on the Savannah River Site (SRS). While the proposed action requires an administrative decision by DOE, this EA reviews the linked action of physically constructing and operating a conference center. The SRS is a DOE-owned nuclear production facility encompassing approximately 200,000 acres in southwestern South Carolina. The proposed conference center would have an area of approximately 4,000 square feet, and would infrequently accommodate as many as 150 people, with the average being about 20 people per day. In addition to the No-Action alternative, under which the Research Foundation would not require the 70-acre tract of SRS land for a conference center, this EA considers site preservation. Under Site Preservation only minimal activities necessary to the SRS mission would occur, thereby establishing the lower limits of environmental consequences. A review conducted under the SRS permitting process identified no other forms of possible site development. Similarly, SRS areas identified in the Nuclear Complex Reconfiguration Site Proposal (DOE, 199la) do not include the conference center site area in proposed weapons complex reconfiguration activities. As a consequence, this EA does not consider other forms of possible site development as alternatives. The potential environmental consequences associated with the action of constructing and operating a conference center include impacts to cultural resources and impacts from construction activities, primarily related to land clearing (5 to 10 acres) and providing access to the site.

This report was prepared in accordance with U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Order 231.1A, 'Environment, Safety and Health Reporting,' to present summary environmental data for the purpose of: (a) characterizing site's environmental management performance; (b) summarizing environmental occurrences and responses reported during the calendar year; (c) describing compliance status with respect to environmental standards and requirements; and (d) highlighting significant site programs and efforts. This report is the principal document that demonstrates compliance with the requirements of DOE Order 5400.5, 'Radiation Protection of the Public and the Environment,' and is a key component of DOE's effort to keep the public informed of environmental conditions at Savannah River Site (SRS). SRS has four primary missions: (1) Environmental Management - Cleaning up the legacy of the Cold War efforts and preparing decommissioned facilities and areas for long-term stewardship; (2) Nuclear Weapons Stockpile Support - Meeting the needs of the U.S. nuclear weapons stockpile through the tritium programs of the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); (3) Nuclear Nonproliferation Support - Meeting the needs of the NNSA's nuclear nonproliferation programs by safely storing and dispositioning excess special nuclear materials; and (4) Research and Development - Supporting the application of science by the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) to meet the needs of SRS, the DOE complex, and other federal agencies During 2010, SRS worked to fulfill these missions and position the site for future operations. SRS continued to work with the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SCDHEC), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to find and implement solutions and schedules for waste management and disposition. As part of its mission to clean up the Cold War legacy, SRS will continue to address the highest-risk waste management issues by safely storing and preparing liquid waste and nuclear materials for disposition, and by safely stabilizing any tank waste residues that remain on site.

The Savannah River Site (SRS), one of the facilities in the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) complex, was constructed during the early 1950s to produce basic materials (such as plutonium-239 and tritium) used in nuclear weapons. The site covers approximately 310 square miles in South Carolina and borders the Savannah River. Various industrial, manufacturing, medical, and farming operations are conducted near the site. Several major industrial and manufacturing facilities are located in the area, and a variety of crops is produced on local farms. SRS is bounded on its southwestern border by the Savannah River for about 35 river miles and is approximately 160 river miles from the Atlantic Ocean. The SRS region is part of the Southern Bottomland Hardwood Swamp region, which extends south from Virginia to Florida and west along the Gulf of Mexico to the Mississippi River drainage basin. Originally, site facilities generated materials for nuclear weapons. Since the end of the Cold War in 199 1, however, their purpose has shifted to the stabilization of nuclear materials from onsite and offsite sources to ensure safe long-term storage or disposal. SRS has always been concerned about the safety of the public. The site is committed to protecting human health and reducing the risks associated with past, current, and future operations. Sampling locations, sample media, sampling frequency, and types of analysis are selected based on environmental regulations, exposure pathways, public concerns, and measurement capabilities.

The Savannah River Plant (SRP) near Aiken, SC has three operating nuclear reactors and used approximately 100-300 kg/day of chlorine to combat reactor heat exchanger biofouling. SRP cooling water is high in organic carbon and following chlorination, the water is occasionally heated to temperatures exceeding 70/sup 0/ C as it passes through the heat exchangers, forming conditions conducive to the formation of trihalomethanes (THMs), which are known human carcinogens. This study was conducted to examine the production and persistence of THMs resulting from the chlorination and heating of SRP reactor cooling waters. The concentration of total THM in all water samples collected in and around the SRP site were less than 59..mu..g/L, and there was no appreciable increase in the concentrations of THM in the Savannah River downstream of the SRP site. THM levels in all cases were below U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking water guidelines (100 ..mu..g/L), and it was concluded that THM levels resulting from the chlorination of reactor cooling water at the SRP were insignificant. (JMT)

Many states issue consumption advisories to provide information, mainly to anglers, on the risk from eating fish from contaminated water bodies. The Savannah River passes between South Carolina and Georgia, yet, in 1999, the state-issued consumption advisories for self-caught fish were not in agreement. This chapter examines a stakeholder-driven process that involved state and federal regulators, wildlife biologists, Center for Disease Control, Department of Energy (DOE), fishers themselves, and others to reduce risk for people eating self-caught fish from the river adjacent to the Savannah River Site (a DOE facility). The process included problem formulation, stakeholder identification, identification of the scientific data needed to answer the key questions, development of studies to address these questions, refinement based on stakeholder collaboration, and then development of a mechanism to advise potentially affected persons of the risk. In sum, data on fishing behavior, consumption patterns and mercury levels in fish indicated that people who ate fish frequently were at risk from excess mercury exposure from eating some fish, and an information brochure embraced by the several regulatory agencies and jurisdictions was developed that specifically addressed these issues for people fishing in the Savannah River. This solution sidestepped competing jurisdictional issues between the two states and allowed all parties to create a Fish Fact Sheet brochure that could be distributed annually to those fishing along the Savannah River.

Research is organized around two major programs: thermal and aquatic stress and mineral cycling. These programs are strengthened by a previously established foundation of basic ecological knowledge. Research in basic ecology continues to be a major component of all SREL environmental programs. Emphasis in all programs has been placed upon field-oriented research relating to regional and local problems having broad ecological significance. For example, extensive research has been conducted in the Par Pond reservoir system and the Savannah River swamp, both of which have received thermal effluent, heavy metals, and low levels of radioisotopes. Furthermore, the availability of low levels of plutonium and uranium in both terrestrial and aquatic environments on the Savannah River Plant (SRP) has provided an unusual opportunity for field research in this area. The studies seek to document the effects, to determine the extent of local environmental problems, and to establish predictable relationships which have general applicability. In order to accomplish this objective it has been imperative that studies be carried out in the natural, environmentally unaffected areas on the SRP as a vital part of the overall program. Progress is reported in forty-nine studies.

The offsite individual residing at the SRS boundary location of maximum exposure (maximum individual) received a dose from SRS atmospheric releases in 1992 of 0.10 mrem. Tritium oxide releases were responsible for more than 90% of the atmospheric dose. Ninety-nine percent of the atmospheric dose is accounted for with the inclusion of I-129, U-235, Pu-238 and Pu-239. The 50-mile population received a collective dose of 6.4 person-rem from 1992 releases. Atmospheric radiation dose is dominated by the inhalation and vegetation consumption pathways. The maximum dose received by an offsite individual as a result of SRS liquid releases in 1992 was 0.13 mrem. This dose is dominated by Cs-137 that is accumulated in Savannah River fish and tritium in drinking water. More than 99% of the maximum individual dose from liquid releases results from Cs-137, tritium, Sr-90, and Pu-239. The population dose from liquid releases in 1992 was 2.5 person-rem. The major exposure pathway to the population is drinking water. Radiation dose to the general public from operations at the Savannah River Site continues to be a very small fraction of the natural background dose. A resident of the CSRA receives about 300 mrem per year from background radiation. The population within 50-miles of the SRS (620,000) and at the downstream water treatment facilities (65,000), therefore, receives a natural background population dose of approximately 200,000 person-rem.

An inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method was developed to determine the {sup 129}I content in aqueous environmental samples. Due to interference from xenon, direct measurement of {sup 129}I could not be made on the ICP-MS. An ion-exchange technique is used to concentrate the Iodine from one liter samples to 30 mL. The 30 mL eluant from the anion-exchange column is then introduced to the ICP-MS. The detection limit of the procedure is {le}O.5 pCi/L. Several samples from the Savannah River near the Savannah River Site (SRS) have been analyzed for {sup 129}I by this procedure. Concentrations of {sup 129}I in the Savannah River ranged from 0.05{plus_minus}0.12 to 0.21{plus_minus}0.49 pCi/L (95% CL). Below a seepage basin, in Four Mile Creek on the Savannah River Site, {sup 129}I concentrations were as high as 2.31{plus_minus}1.22 pCi/L. Before exiting the SRS the {sup 129}I concentration had decreased to 0.30{plus_minus}0.16 pCi/L by dilution in Four Mile Creek.

Genotypic proportions and heterozygosity of beta-hemoglobin in a white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) herd were secured to estimate the association of sex, location, year, and age with the variability of this locus. No differences (P > 0.05) in heterozygosity or genotypic frequencies occurred between sexes or among 5 regions on the Savannah River Plant. Heterozygote proportions among 2,455 deer varied (P 3.5 years) had higher (P < 0.05) frequency of heterozygotes than those of younger age-classes. The association of age and heterozygosity did not differ among regions or between years. Because age is an important determinant of social status in deer, shifts in the age structure of the herd may increase competitive interactions and, thus, be the source of selection for the changes in heterozygosity. J. WILDL. MANAGE. 46(4):983-990 Genetic variability in the white-tailed deer is higher than in other large mammals (Smith et al. 1976). Natural selection helps maintain genetic variability in this species, because the type, direction, and intensity of selection vary through space and time (Baccus et al. 1977). Important characters such as reproduction, aggressive behavior, and survivorship in birds and mammals are associated with heterozygosity (Krebs et al. 1973; Smith et al. 1975, 1978; Garten 1976; Johns et al. 1977; Baker and Fox 1978). These characters are intimately associated with the efficiency of resource use, and resource limitation may be the source of selection for heterozygosity. Differential selection of animals from various cohorts, sexes, or age-classes could also cause high heterozygosity in deer. Susceptibility to disease and competitive ability for limited resources also differ among life stages (Verme 1977). Few studies have documented genetic changes with age. Tinkle and Selander (1973) found age-specific selection respons ble for changes in genotypic proportions in a lizard population; heterozygosity was considerably higher in the oldest age-class. In white-tailed deer, no genetic differences for beta-hemoglobin (PHB) were found among animals of different ages from Iowa and Nebraska (Miller et al. 1965). However, Ramsey et al. (1979:139) reported age-specific differences in the heterozygosity of PHB in de r from the Savannah River Plant (SRP). Deer of each sex and age-class are also characterized by different gene frequencies for other loci (Manlove et al. 1975, Ramsey et al. 1979). Thus, a deer herd seems to be composed of genetically heterogeneous groups but this point needs further documentation. The objectives of our study were to test 4 null hypotheses. These were that genotypic proportions of beta-hemoglobin in white-tailed deer do not vary between sexes, and among ageclasses, regions of the SRP, and years. We thank personnel of the U.S. For1 Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409. J. Wildl. Manage. 46(4):1982 983 This content downloaded from 157.55.39.159 on Sun, 18 Sep 2016 05:44:40 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 984 HETEROZYGOSITY IN WHITE-TAILED DEER * Chesser et al. estry Station, SRP and our colleagues at the Savannah River Ecology Laboratory for help in the field. Financial support came from contract DE-AC09-76SR00819 between the U.S. Department of Energy and The University of Georgia.

This report summarizes the FY 2010 and 2011 accomplishments at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in developing the Next Generation Caustic-Side Solvent Extraction (NG-CSSX) process, referred to commonly as the Next Generation Solvent (NGS), under funding from the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Environmental Management (DOE-EM), Office of Technology Innovation and Development. The primary product of this effort is a process solvent and preliminary flowsheet capable of meeting a target decontamination factor (DF) of 40,000 for worst-case Savannah River Site (SRS) waste with a concentration factor of 15 or higher in the 18-stage equipment configuration of the SRS Modular Caustic-Side Solvent Extraction Unit (MCU). In addition, the NG-CSSX process may be readily adapted for use in the SRS Salt Waste Processing Facility (SWPF) or in supplemental tank-waste treatment at Hanford upon appropriate solvent or flowsheet modifications. Efforts in FY 2010 focused on developing a solvent composition and process flowsheet for MCU implementation. In FY 2011 accomplishments at ORNL involved a wide array of chemical-development activities and testing up through single-stage hydraulic and mass-transfer tests in 5-cm centrifugal contactors. Under subcontract from ORNL, Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) designed a preliminary flowsheet using ORNL cesium distribution data, and Tennessee Technological University confirmed a chemical model for cesium distribution ratios (DCs) as a function of feed composition. Interlaboratory efforts were coordinated with complementary engineering tests carried out (and reported separately) by personnel at Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) and Savannah River Remediation (SRR) with helpful advice by Parsons Engineering and General Atomics on aspects of possible SWPF implementation.

Releases from the F and H Area Seepage Basins on the Savannah River Site (SRS) have caused groundwater plumes that contain a variety of contaminants. These plumes are releasing contaminants into Fourmile Branch, which is a small tributary of the Savannah River. The metallic contaminant releases to the branch are being controlled by base injection. The base injection targets cationic contaminants and was not intended to reduce the concentration of I-129 in groundwater. SRS and the regulatory agencies believe it is appropriate to investigate remedial alternatives that could reduce the I-129. The Savannah River Site Area Closures Projects (ACP) and the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) are developing an innovative in situ treatment for I-129 using silver chloride (AgCl). The proposed AgCl amendment has a very small particle size and is designed to be injected into the contaminated aquifer to capture I-129. The solubility of AgI is several orders of magnitude lower than the solubility of AgCl. Thus, when I-129 comes in contact with AgCl it forms silver iodide (AgI), which is very stable and essentially insoluble in water. SRNL has been performing bench-scale column tests on the effectiveness of silver chloride to capture iodine in an aqueous solution. These initial tests evaluate silver chloride in four different particle sizes; 4-5 millimeters (standard reagent silver chloride), approximately 1 millimeters (sieved reagent silver chloride), approximately 2 micrometers (ultra fine grind without a grinding agent), and <1 micrometer (ultra fine grind with a grinding agent). The first two experiments with macro-sized particles were proof of principle tests. In these the AgCl was mechanically mixed into a portion of the soil filling the columns. The last two were to test the effectiveness of injecting particles suspended in an aqueous solution--the ability to inject the particles, their retention in the column and their effectiveness at removing dissolved iodide from solution. The amendments for these two columns were obtained from a private company specializing in ultra-fine grinding of materials. They were ground in propylene glycol because when ground in water silver metal electroplated onto the steel grinding equipment. Table 1 shows the list of columns and the amendment characteristics. The results of these column experiments demonstrate that solid silver chloride is highly effective at removing dissolved iodine from water and should be an effective amendment for removing I-129 from groundwater. Based on known groundwater chemistry and the reaction of AgCl with I- to produce AgI, the only interference will be natural dissolved stable iodine (I-127). Millings et al. (2002) reported a maximum I-127 concentration of 2.2 ug/L in groundwater from well P-27D, a background water table well near F-Area. The concentration of dissolved iodide used in these experiments is approximately 4500 times this natural concentration. Therefore, a AgCl amendment in the subsurface at the same concentration used in these experiments, might effectively remove I-129 for up to 4500 times the number of pore volumes of groundwater as observed here. This assumes homogeneous distribution of the amendment and no occlusion by other minerals in the subsurface. The only reliable way to evaluate these effects is by trial in the field. The column studies also suggest that the amendment is readily injectable into sediments, but will not be highly mobile. The fact that the effluent from Column 4 shows no iodide breakthrough after nearly 11 pore volumes indicates that some of the injected AgCl was trapped in the column. A mass balance on iodide reacted so far suggests that a minimum of 0.056 grams of silver chloride was trapped in the column to react with the iodide. This is 5.6% of the mass injected. Assume the 1-foot column represents the first foot of sediment in the subsurface into which the amendment is injected. If 5.6% of the AgCl particles are trapped in each subsequent foot of sediment through which the injectate moves, at 100 feet the concentration of particles will be 3% of the injection concentration. This is the maximum possible concentration indicated by these column studies, because far more AgCl may have been trapped in the column. Continued data collection will tell how much more. Dissolved silver concentrations from the silver chloride amendment will be low. Effluent from Column 1 was analyzed for dissolved silver and the concentrations were below the detection limit of 0.2 mg/L.

The Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) is currently transitioning its emphasis from a design and construction phase toward start-up and commissioning. With this transition, the WTP Project has initiated more detailed assessments of the requirements related to actual processing of the Hanford Site tank waste. One particular area of interest is the waste qualification program to be implemented to support the WTP. Given the successful implementation of similar waste qualification efforts at the Savannah River Site (SRS), based on critical technical support and guidance from the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL), WTP requested the utilization of subject matter experts from SRNL to support a technology exchange to perform a review of the WTP waste qualification program, discuss the general qualification approach at SRS, and to identify critical lessons learned through the support of DWPF's sludge batch qualification efforts. As part of Phase 1, SRNL subject matter experts in critical technical and/or process areas reviewed specific WTP waste qualification information. The Phase 1 review was a collaborative, interactive, and iterative process between the two organizations. WTP provided specific analytical procedures, descriptions of equipment, and general documentation as baseline review material. SRNL subject matter experts reviewed the information and, as appropriate, requested follow-up information or clarification to specific areas of interest. This process resulted in multiple teleconferences with key technical contacts from both organizations resolving technical issues that lead to the results presented in this report. This report provides the results of SRNL's Phase 1 review of the WAC-DQO waste acceptance criteria and processability parameters, and the specific unit operations which are required to support WTP waste qualification efforts. The review resulted in SRNL providing concurrence, alternative methods, or gap identification for the proposed WTP analytical methods or approaches. For the unit operations, the SRNL subject matter experts reviewed WTP concepts compared to what is used at SRS and provided thoughts on the outlined tasks with respect to waste qualification. Also documented in this report are recommendations and an outline on what would be required for the next phase to further mature the WTP waste qualification program.