React Native for Android: Cross-Platform Mobile Application Development

Media attention has highlighted the COVID-19 pandemic’s negative effects on romantic relationships (e.g., increased partner aggression). The current mixed-method study also explored potential positive effects, and how the relative balance of positive versus negative effects might have changed over time during the first pandemic wave. Individuals ( N = 186) who participated in a pre-COVID study were recruited through MTurk to participate in a four-wave longitudinal follow-up, every 2 weeks from mid-April to late May 2020. Participants completed an 8-item self-report measure assessing perceived negative and positive effects of the pandemic on their romantic relationship. Multi-level models revealed that perceived positive effects were substantially higher than perceived negative effects at each timepoint, even amongst those who reported being more heavily impacted by the pandemic. Both positive and negative effects were stable across time. Open-ended questions at the final time point were coded for common themes. Positive themes were more frequent than negative themes. The most common negative theme centered on increased stress or tension in the relationship, while the most common positive theme discussed the importance of focusing on and appreciating the relationship, including taking advantage of the gift of increased time together the pandemic had brought. Amongst all of the pandemic’s bad news, it is refreshing to consider the possibility of pandemic-related benefits for people’s romantic relationships.

Urbanization leads to long-term modification of landscapes by habitat loss, fragmentation, and the creation of new habitats. Species’ distributions respond to these modifications of habitat availability, but the combination of parameters and scale at which habitat alteration most strongly influences species distributions is poorly understood. We evaluated responses of neotropical migratory birds, a group known to be sensitive to habitat modification, across a gradient of urbanization in the southeastern United States. Thirteen Breeding Bird Survey routes, each with 40 to 50 point counts, were used to quantify species richness across the gradient of urbanization extending from downtown areas of Columbus, GA to natural woodlands. Buffers of 100, 200, and 1000 m radii were constructed from remote images around each counting point to quantify land-use with the goal of evaluating land-use parameters and scales that best described spatial variation in migrant bird species richness. Within each buffer we quantified the proportion of each cover type and within the 1000 m buffers we included several configuration parameters. We used an information-theoretic approach to separate models whose predictor variables were land-use parameters. Because measures of landscape configuration were all correlated with urban cover, these variables were entered separately. In 2002, the best model was composed of large-scale urban cover (negative effect) and mid-scale mixed hardwoods (negative and positive effect) and transitional cover (negative and positive effect) as well as the interaction between the latter two terms (positive effect). In 2003, the best model was composed of weighted edge density (negative effect), mid-scale mixed hardwood cover (negative and positive effect) and large scale transitional cover (positive effect) and the interaction between mixed hardwoods and weighted edge density (positive effect). Our results indicate that large scale habitat attributes influence the local species richness of migrant birds more than smaller scales. These results also indicate that urbanization, through increased urban cover or increasing edge contrast, has strong negative effects on species richness. Our findings support the contention that the conservation value of small woodlots in urban settings may be minimal and suggest that conservation of migratory birds will be best achieved by giving higher priority to sites where urban cover is still low and by preserving large areas of “green space” in urbanizing landscapes. The negative influence of urban cover combined with relatively minor effects of non-urban habitats on distributions of neotropical migratory birds indicates that continued urbanization of landscapes is a serious concern for conservation efforts.

Rapid expansion of the human population poses a challenge for wildlife conservation in agricultural landscapes. One proposal for addressing this challenge is to increase biodiversity in such landscapes by increasing crop diversity. However, studies report both positive and negative effects of crop diversity on biodiversity. One possible explanation, derived from the "area-heterogeneity tradeoff hypothesis," is that the effect of crop diversity on biodiversity depends on a tradeoff between increasing the number of crop types in a landscape and decreasing the amount of each single crop type. This should cause positive effects of increasing crop diversity at low to intermediate crop diversity and negative effects at intermediate to high crop diversity. We also propose two factors that could change the point at which the effect of increasing crop diversity shifts from positive to negative. First, we predicted that this shift would occur at a lower crop diversity when the surrounding landscape contains less semi-natural habitat and at a higher crop diversity when the landscape contains more semi-natural habitat. This should increase the likelihood of detecting negative effects of crop diversity when semi-natural cover is low and positive effects when it is high. Second, we predicted that the shift from a positive to negative effect would occur at a lower crop diversity when it is measured locally than when it is measured at greater distances from the site, making detection of negative crop diversity effects more likely when measurements are at local extents. We tested these predictions using data on the biodiversity of herbaceous plants, butterflies, syrphid flies, woody plants, bees, carabid beetles, spiders, and birds at 221 crop field edges in Eastern Ontario, Canada. We found support for an area-crop diversity tradeoff. Semi-natural cover and measurement extent influenced the biodiversity-crop diversity relationship, with positive effects when semi-natural cover was high and negative effects when semi-natural cover was low and when crop diversity was measured at local extents. The results suggest that policies/guidelines designed to increase crop diversity will not benefit biodiversity in the landscapes where conservation action is most urgently needed, that is, in landscapes with high agricultural use and low semi-natural cover.

This study examined the effect of monetary policy on the socio-economic welfare of Nigerians between1980 and 2021 from three perspectives: income, health and education. We assessed the short and long run effects of six monetary policy variables (lending rate, savings deposit rate, liquidity ratio, monetary policy rate, loan deposit ratio and private sector credit to gross domestic product ratio) and inflation (control variable on three different socio-economic welfare variables (gross domestic product per capita, child mortality rate and primary and secondary school enrolment) during the study period.Results of the auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) technique show thatrevealed interest rate, liquidity rate and private sector credit have negative and significant effect on the per capita income while savings deposit rate, monetary policy rate, loan deposit rate and inflationhvesa positive and significant on per capita income. In the long run liquidity ratio and monetary policy rate have significant positive effect on income per capita while the ratio of private sector credit to GDP has a significant negative effect on it. Inflation has a positive but insignificant effect on per capita income. Furthermore, in the short run, all the selected monetary policy variables have significant effects on child mortality rate. While the effect of interest rate, liquidity ratio and monetary policy rate is negative, that of savings deposit rate, loan deposit ratio, private sector credit and inflation is positive. On the long run, interest rate, private sector credit and inflation have positive effect on child mortality but whereas the effect of interest rate is insignificant, the other two have significant effect. Regarding number of school enrolment, in the short run, interest rate has a negatively significant effect while liquidity ratio, loan deposit ratio and inflation have direct positive effect on it. Savings deposit rate has an insignificant positive effect on it while private sector credit has a negative insignificant effect on it. On the long run, interest rate, private sector credit and inflation have an insignificant positive effect on the number of primary and secondary school enrolment. Savings deposit rate, monetary policy rate and loan deposit ratio have insignificant negative effect on it. The effect of liquidity ratio is significantly positive. The study concluded that monetary policy has significant effect the socio-economic welfare life of Nigerians both in the short and long run. The study recommends the sustenance of the existing liquidity ratio and monetary policy rate due to their favourable effects on the people’s welfare.

Positive and negative congruency effects in masked priming: A neuro-computational model based on representation, attention, and conflict

This study aims to determine the effect of internal factors of the company (CAR, NPL, NIM, BOPO and CASA) and external factors of the company (inflation, economic growth and BI reference interest rates), both partially and jointly on the performance of State-Owned Banks measured with a Return on Assets ratio (ROA) and its implications on the Stock Price Index. The object of research is State-Owned Banks in the period of 2012 - 2017. The sampling technique is saturated sampling, that is, all members of the population are used as samples. The analysis technique used is Panel Data Regression. The results of this study indicate that CAR, NPL, NIM, BOPO, CASA, Inflation, Economic Growth and BI reference interest rate together have a significant effect on ROA. NIM, CASA and BI Reference Interest Rate partially had a positive and significant effect on ROA. BOPO, Inflation and Economic Growth partially have negative and significant effect on ROA. While CAR has a negative effect and NPL has a positive effect, but not significant on ROA. ROA has a negative and significant effect on Stock Price Index of State-Owned Banks.

In food webs based on primary production, biomass of organisms within trophic levels can be simultaneously controlled by resources (bottom-up) and consumers (top-down). In contrast, very little is known about top-down and bottom-up control in detritus-based food webs. Here, we tested whether exclusion of macroconsumers (fishes and shrimps) and/or phosphorus (P) addition affected insect detritivore biomass and decay rate and quality of leaf detritus in a tropical stream. Four treatments were established in a third-order stream in Costa Rica: (1) macroconsumers present, ambient P; (2) macroconsumers excluded, ambient P; (3) macroconsumers present, P added; (4) macroconsumers excluded, P added. Biomass of insect larvae inhabiting leaf packs and mass loss of leaves were measured after 7 and 10 d in situ. After 10 d, biomass and density of insect larvae increased as a result of both P addition and exclusion of macroconsumers. Chironomids (Diptera, Chironominae) were the dominant detritivores in leaf packs, comprising 51–80% of total invertebrate biomass and were responsible for the observed treatment effects. Mass loss rates of leaf packs were accelerated by the presence of macroconsumers but not by P addition. Positive effects of P on insects presumably occurred through increased microbial carbon relative to leaf carbon. However, percentage nitrogen (N), C:N, and fungal biomass of leaves were not affected by either experimental treatment. Laboratory growth studies corroborated positive effects of P on chironomids: growth rates were higher in high-P treatments (high-P stream water and low-P stream water with P added) vs. low-P stream water. However, no differences in the in situ growth rates were observed between a high- and a low-P stream. The relative importance of top-down and bottom-up effects was evaluated using several indices. Loss rates of organic matter were affected more by top-down effects of macroconsumers than by bottom-up effects of P. Macroconsumers had negative effects on two trophic levels, contrary to food-web theory predicting alternating negative and positive effects. Positive bottom-up effects of P on insect biomass were greater than negative top-down effects of macroconsumers. In addition, P effects on invertebrates were similar in direction but greater in magnitude than previously published effects of nutrients on consumers in food webs based on primary producers. These results suggest that the impacts of nutrient enrichment on detritivores may be as great or greater than those previously observed on herbivores.

This study aim to analyze the influence of liquidity ratio and solvabily to stock price of PT Indofood CBP Sukses Makmur. This research used quantitative research method with secondary data collection techniques. In this study, data was obtained by accessing the Indonesia Stock Exchange gallery website to obtain documents in the form of financial statements of PT. INDOFOOD CBP SUKSES MAKMUR Tbk. listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in accordance with the provisions of the writing. This research using multiple linear regression analysis techniques as the data analysis techniques. The capital market in Indonesia currently shows developments in the Indonesian economy. This rapid development occurred because of the increasing public interest in investing in the capital market, the development of public knowledge about the capital market, and the increasing number of companies registered in the capital market. The advantage of a company from investments made is one of the important factors that must be considered in making investments, because it affects stock prices. Variations in stock prices are influenced by various factors both internal and external factors. There are two analyzes that can be used to anticipate the risks arising from stock prices that change every time, fundamental security analysis or company analysis and technical analysis. Fundamental analysis tries to calculate the intrinsic value of a stock by using company financial data or ratios, including with liquidity ratios and solvency ratios. The liquidity ratio is to show or measure the ability of a company to meet its maturing obligations. In this study the ratio used to measure the level of corporate liquidity is Current Ratio. Solvency ratio is the ratio of the company's ability to fulfill its financial obligations. In this study the solvency ratio used is Debt to Equity Ratio. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that the Variable Current Ratio (CR) and Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) simultaneously do not have a significant effect on Stock Prices; Current Ratio (CR) variable has a negative but significant effect on Return on Equity (ROE); and the Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) variable partially has a positive and insignificant effect on stock prices.

PurposeExisting research on innovation has mainly focused on how to promote technological innovation in megaprojects and management innovation (MI) in megaprojects is still an unknown research field. The purposes of this study are to examine the effect of MI on megaproject performance and how the top management team (TMT) regulatory focus affects the use of MI in projects. At the same time, the moderating effects of project uncertainties are also tested.Design/methodology/approachOn the basis of an explorative/exploitative ambidextrous analysis framework, this study divides MI into two dimensions: explorative and exploitative MI, and integrates the theoretical perspectives of the TMT regulatory focus and project uncertainties into a research model. Taking 314 responses from megaprojects’ TMTs in China as research data, this study empirically tests the above model.FindingsResults show that exploratory MI has a U-shaped relationship with megaproject performance; whereas exploitative MI has an inverted U-shaped relationship with megaproject performance. The TMT promotion focus has a positive effect on exploratory and exploitative MI; and the TMT prevention focus has a negative effect on exploratory MI but has a positive effect on exploitative MI. Project uncertainties have a positive moderating effect on the positive relationship between TMT promotion focus and exploratory MI, whereas it has a negative moderating effect on the negative relationship between the TMT prevention focus and exploratory MI.Originality/valueBy empirically measuring the relationship between two types of MIs and megaproject performance, this study clarifies the differential mechanism of the effect of different MIs on megaproject performance. This study also examines the MI of megaprojects from the perspective of the TMT regulatory focus and expounds how changes in uncertainties affect the relationship between the TMT regulatory focus and MI.

This study investigates the positive and negative effects of online teaching on EFL students’ learning motivation. There are 26 English majors in a Chinese university participant in this study. Data were collected from multiple sources: semi-structured interview and direct observation. The result shows that in the course aspect, it has a positive effect. In the teacher aspect, it has both negative and positive effects. But in the learning group aspect, it has a negative effect, because of losing of students’ interaction.

This paper used cross sectional data to examine the effect of sustainable reporting on the profitability indicators of Nigeria quoted firms between 2008-2017. Data was sourced from financial statement of the firms. Twenty firms were selected from the population of quoted firms in Nigeria. Return on equity, earnings per share and return on investment were proxy for profitability while sustainable reporting was proxied by economic, social, environmental and corporate governance disclosure. The panel data model was tested using the Hausman test. Model one and two validated the fixed effect while model three validated the random effect. The results found that economic disclosure and social disclosure have positive but insignificant effect on return on equity of the selected firms while environmental and corporate governance disclosure have negative and insignificant effect on return on equity, all the predictor variables have positive and insignificant effect on earnings per share of the firms and that economic, social and environmental disclosure have positive effect on return on investment while corporate governance disclosure have negative effect on return on investment of the selected firms in Nigeria. We recommend that operating environment of the firms should be well examined and policies should be advanced to manage factors such as economic, social, environmental and corporate governance disclosures to leverage the environmental challenges and enhance profitability, companies should ensure strict compliance to all forms of sustainability reporting.

Industries in underdeveloped areas can have a substantial impact on the socio-cultural, economic, and environmental development of the surrounding regions. Thus, evaluating the positive and negative effects of these industries on the local environment is essential. In this research, the impact of the wood and paper industry on rural areas was evaluated, considering the issue of sustainability in three scenarios. First, using the fuzzy Delphi method, effective criteria in the evaluation of villages were identified and determined, considering the establishment of the industry in the surrounding environment. Then, using the Best Worst Method (BWM), improvement and challenging criteria in the rural environment were weighted. Additionally, Geographic Information System (GIS) was employed to extract data and assess the study area's geographical information, while also prioritizing research options using the Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations (PROMETHEE (. Investigating the impact of the industry on rural areas with regard to the issue of sustainability in three different scenarios, identifying the positive and negative effects of economic, social, and environmental criteria, and evaluating stability and reactivity to analyze the impact of each criterion on other criteria were some of the contributions of this research. The results showed that economic criteria (improvement) had the most positive effect with 34% and environmental criteria (challenge) had the most negative effect with 31%. Also, the results indicated that the criteria of groundwater pollution with an impact factor of 14%, increasing job opportunities with an impact factor of 9%, and increasing consumerism of the people with an impact factor of 7% were among the most important criteria that increased or decreased the impact percentage of each criterion the ranking results and the impact percentage of other criteria also change. According to the evaluation results of the positive and negative effects of the criteria in relation to each other and to the surrounding areas, corrective measures can be taken to reduce or eliminate the challenging factors so that the positive effects are maximized, and the amount of negative effects on the surrounding areas is reduced.

This study aims to analyze the effect of interest rates, inflation, and non-performing loans on lending and their impact on the financial performance of banking companies listed on the IDX. The population of this study were all banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2013-2015, totaling 43 banks. Sample selection through purposive sampling method. There are 21 companies that meet the criteria as the research sample so that the research data is 63. The data analysis technique used is the classical assumption test and hypothesis testing. The results of this study indicate that the interest rate has a significant and negative effect on lending. Inflation partially has a negative and significant effect on lending. Non-Performing Loan partially has a negative and significant effect on lending. The partial distribution of credit has a positive and significant effect on financial performance. The interest rate has a positive and significant effect on the company's performance as proxied by ROA. Inflation partially has a positive and significant effect on financial performance. Non-Performing Loans have a negative and significant effect on the financial performance of banks

While negative psychological effects of COVID-19 pandemic are actively studied, little is known about the eventual positive reactions to the pandemic including the capacity to see positive opportunities in this situation and about personality resources that may help to cope and to maintain well-being despite lifestyle restrictions. The aim of our study was to reveal positive personality resources that contribute to buffering the negative effects and its consequences on individual lives. 474 adults 18-81 years old from Siberia (Russia) participated in May 2020 in a survey about the impact of the pandemic and self-isolation and also filled out psychometric measures of well-being and psychological resources (PANAS, PWI, Value of Life Scale, MHC, MSTAT-I, LOT, GSE, Hardiness Survey, SOC, Personal Life Position inventory). One in three respondents reported worsening emotional condition through the previous two weeks and poor adherence to governmental self-isolation recommendations, and 43.6% reported increased financial difficulties. Taking into account not only the negative but also positive subjective effect of the pandemic enabled the improved accuracy in prediction of both well-being and adherence to the governmental measures. The less a person mentioned the positive side of the pandemic, the more strongly their adherence to the governmental measures depended on perceived negative effects (worries and threats). Tolerance for ambiguity, the challenge component of hardiness, harmony with life predicted perceived positive effects after adjusting for negative effects. Psychological resources could play a buffering role as regards the vulnerability to negative psychological effects of the pandemic and help to find positive opportunities.

‘Negativity bias’ in risk for depression and anxiety: Brain–body fear circuitry correlates, 5-HTT-LPR and early life stress