Reactividad cruzada de las legumbres

La place des examens biologiques dans l’allergie alimentaire, de la prévention au traitement

In Western countries, Asian children have higher food allergy risk than Caucasian children. The early-life environmental exposures for this discrepancy are unclear. We aimed to compare prevalence of food allergy and associated risk factors between Asian children in Singapore and Australia. We studied children in the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) birth cohort (n=878) and children of Asian ancestry in the HealthNuts cohort (n=314). Food allergy was defined as a positive SPT ≥3mm to egg or peanut AND either a convincing history of IgE-mediated reaction at 18months (GUSTO) or a positive oral food challenge at 14-18months (HealthNuts). Eczema was defined as parent-reported doctor diagnosis. Food allergy prevalence was 1.1% in Singapore and 15.0% in Australia (P<0.001). Egg introduction was more often delayed (>10months) in Singapore (63.5%) than Australia (16.3%; P<0.001). Prevalence of early-onset eczema (<6months) was lower in Singapore (8.4%) than Australia (30.5%) (P<0.001). Children with early-onset eczema were more likely to have food allergy than those without eczema in Australia [aOR 5.11 (2.34-11.14); P<0.001] and Singapore [aOR4.00 (0.62-25.8); P=0.145]. Among Asian children, prevalence of early-onset eczema and food allergy was higher in Australia than Singapore. Further research with larger sample sizes and harmonized definitions of food allergy between cohorts is required to confirm and extend these findings. Research on environmental factors influencing eczema onset in Australia and Singapore may aid understanding of food allergy pathogenesis in different parts of the world.

To evaluate dietary habits and nutritional status of Spanish school children and adolescents, and their relationship with the Mediterranean Diet. Cross-sectional study by face-to-face interview. Free living children and adolescents of all Spanish regions. A random sample of 3166 people aged 6-24 y. Home interviews conducted by a team of 43 dietitians included 24-h recalls (a second 24-h recall in 25% of the sample) and a short frequency questionnaire to determine the quality of the Mediterranean Diet (KIDMED). The participation rate was 68%. In general, the adequacy of the Mediterranean Diet rose with increased mean intakes of the majority of vitamins and minerals and decreased percentages of inadequate intakes (&<2/3 of the RNI) for calcium, magnesium, vitamin B(6) and C in both sexes, and iron and vitamin A only in females. This study demonstrates that the Mediterranean Diet contributes to nutritional quality, and also shows concomitant risks as the Mediterranean Diet deteriorates.

Clinical utility of serum specific IgE food testing in general practice: A tertiary care experience

The legumes are very important food crops, called pulses grown throughout the world for their grain which contains essential vitamins, carbohydrates, protein, fat, minerals, and dietary fiber. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), pea (Pisum sativum L.), green mung bean (Vigna radiate L.), and black mung bean (Vigna mungo L.) is important pulse crops that belong to the family Fabaceae or Leguminosae. The present experiment was conducted at the greenhouse of Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore during the season of July to August of 2020 to study the effects of different treatments of ZnSO4 and biogas wastewater on the growth of chickpea, pea, green bean, and black bean. The experiment consisted of two treatment combinations comprising of two levels of ZnSO4 at 0.5M and 0.25M along with the two levels of biogas wastewater at 500ml and 250ml along with including the control group. It was observed from results that the performance of Chickpea, pea, green mung bean, and black mung bean genotypes were variable under heavy metal zinc sulfate treatment. The results suggested that the treatment of a higher concentration of 0.5M ZnSO4 was toxic as compared with 0.25M ZnSO4. The application of biogas wastewater was found relatively fit for the seedling growth of all of four pulse crop species. The results showed that there was a significant correlation among root length, shoot length, and leaf length under the application of different treatments. A higher genetic advance was reported for shoot length and root length which revealed that the selection of legumes may be fruitful to improve yield under stress conditions.

The purpose of this study, determining the optimal cultivation pattern by using Interval mathematical programming approach among the farmers of Esfarayen County before and after targeting the subsidies. For this purpose, Farmers based on water resources classified in three group of using the river water, deep wells water and rainfed cultivation. The required data for this study has been obtained by using simple random sampling method and questionnaire completion from 207 farmers of this three category. The results of determining the optimal cultivation pattern in three categories indicated that the optimal cultivation pattern according to existing constraints in group of using river water is Onion cultivation before and after targeting the subsidies. In group of using deep wells water, optimal cultivation pattern before targeting the subsidies is cultivation of sorghum, irrigated alfalfa, sunflower and seed watermelon and after targeting the subsidies is cultivation of sorghum, irrigated alfalfa, cumin and seed watermelon. Optimal cultivation pattern before targeting the subsidies for rainfed cultivation is cultivation of Chickpea and Lentil. Also optimal cultivation pattern after targeting the subsidies in this group for α = 0 is cultivation of Chickpea, Lentil and Barley and for other value of α is cultivation of Chickpea and Lentil.

The functional properties of flours derived from selected legumes were studied before and after dehulling of the germinated seeds. Ungerminated seeds were used as the control. The chosen legumes were green gram (Phaseolus aureus), cowpea (Vigna catjang), lentil (Lens culinaris) and bengal gram (Cicer arietinum). Dehulled samples had a higher protein solubility compared with germinated and control samples. The bulk densities of germinated and dehulled legume flours were lower compared to control. Germination increased water absorption capacities of legume flours from 1226, 1285, 974 and 1362 g kg−1 to 1481, 1433, 1448 and 1517 g kg−1 in green gram, cowpea, lentil and bengal gram, respectively. Fat absorption capacities increased in germinated samples (1130, 1242, 920 and 837 g kg−1) as against 900, 993, 857 and 788 g kg−1 at ambient conditions for green gram, cowpea, lentil and bengal gram, respectively. On dehulling, the fat absorption capacities of samples were reduced and the differences were statistically significant. The emulsification capacities of control samples ranged from 55 to 193 ml oil emulsified per gram of sample. On germination and dehulling, the emulsification capacities, activities and stabilities of samples increased significantly. There were increases in foaming capacities and reduction in foam stabilities of all the samples investigated on germination and dehulling. Thus, the study indicated that germination and dehulling improved the functional properties of legumes. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry

BackgroundPlant-based diets have been linked to high diet quality and reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases. The health impact of plant-based diets might be partially explained by the concomitant intake of flavonoids. Estimation of flavonoids intake in adults has been important for the development of dietary recommendations and interventions for the prevention of weight gain and its consequences. However, estimation of flavonoids intake in children and adolescents is limited.MethodsAverage daily intake and sources of flavonoids were estimated for a representative national sample of 3,534 children and young people in Spain, aged 2–24 years. The data was collected between 1998 and 2000 by 24-h recalls. The Phenol-Explorer database and the USDA database on flavonoids content were used. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was measured by the KIDMED index.ResultsThe mean and median intakes of total flavonoids were 70.7 and 48.1 mg/day, respectively. The most abundant flavonoid class was flavan-3-ols (35.7%), with fruit being the top food source of flavonoids intake (42.8%). Total flavonoids intake was positively associated with the KIDMED index (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe results of this study provide primary information about flavonoids intake and main food sources in Spanish children, adolescents and young adults. Participants with high daily mean intake of flavonoids have higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of dietary calcium intake with anthropometric measures, physical activity and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) in 1176 Spanish children aged 6–9 years. Data were obtained from “Antropometría y Nutrición Infantil de Valencia” (ANIVA), a cross-sectional study of a representative sample. Dietary calcium intake assessed from three-day food records was compared to recommended daily intakes in Spain. Anthropometric measures (weight and height) were measured according to international standards and adherence to the MedDiet was evaluated using the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED) test. For the total sample of children, 25.8% had inadequate calcium intake, a significantly higher prevalence in girls (p = 0.006) and inadequate calcium intake was associated with lower height z-score (p = 0.001) for both sexes. In girls, there was an inverse relationship between calcium intake and body mass index (p = 0.001) and waist/hip ratio (p = 0.018). Boys presented a polarization in physical activity, reporting a greater level of both physical and sedentary activity in comparison with girls (p = 0.001). Children with poor adherence to MedDiet, even if they consume two yogurts or cheese (40 g) daily, adjusted by gender, age, total energy intake, physical activity and father’s level of education, are at risk of inadequate total calcium intake (odds ratio adjusted [ORa]: 3.36, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13–9.94, p = 0.001). The intake of these dairy products was insufficient to cover calcium intake recommendations in this age group (6–9 years). It is important to prioritize health strategies that promote the MedDiet and to increase calcium intake in this age group.

There has been a dramatic surge in the prevalence of food allergy (FA) that cannot be explained solely by genetics, identifying mechanisms of sensitization that are driven by environmental factors has become increasingly important. Diet, gut microbiota, and their metabolites have been shown to play an important role in the development of FA. In this review, we discuss the latest epidemiological evidence on the impact of two major dietary patterns and key nutrients in early life on the risk of offspring developing FA. The Western diet typically includes high sugar and high fat, which may affect the immune system of offspring and increase susceptibility to FA. In contrast, the Mediterranean diet is rich in fiber, which may reduce the risk of FA in offspring. Furthermore, we explore the potential mechanisms by which maternal dietary nutrients during a window of opportunity (pregnancy, birth, and lactation) influences the susceptibility of offspring to FA through multi-interface crosstalk. Finally, we discuss the limitations and gaps in the available evidence regarding the relationship between maternal dietary nutrients and the risk of FA in offspring. This review provides novel perspective on the regulation of offspring FA by maternal diet and nutrients.

Polyphenols and tannins in Indian pulses: Effect of soaking, germination and pressure cooking

Many children with immunoglobulin E–mediated cow’s milk allergy (IgE-CMA) have spontaneous resolution. Previous prospective studies have reported spontaneous resolution rates of 53% to 57% by the age of 5 years. The current extension study sought to evaluate resolution rates of IgE-CMA through the end of adolescence.From a cohort of 13 019 Israeli infants observed from birth, 54 had IgE-CMA confirmed by an oral food challenge (OFC). Persistence of IgE-CMA at 5 years was diagnosed in 23 children via a positive OFC or a recent objective allergic reaction to milk. IgE-CMA status was reassessed at age 17 in these 23 patients.Patients were evaluated at 17 years by questionnaire. Resolution was determined by regular milk consumption without adverse reaction or a negative OFC. Persistence of allergy was defined by a recent objective reaction to milk and a positive skin test greater than or equal to 8 mm or by sensitization with milk serum–specific IgE testing greater than 15 kUA/L.Of the 23 patients with persistence of IgE-CMA at 5 years, 8 (35%) had spontaneous resolution of IgE-CMA between the ages of 5 and 17 years. Overall, 39 of the 54 patients (72.2%) initially diagnosed with IgE-CMA had spontaneous resolution by 17 years. Risk factors for persistence of IgE-CMA at 17 years included skin prick test greater than 6 mm at the time of diagnosis, no cow’s milk feeding in infancy, and wheezing on diagnostic OFC or in association with a clinical adverse reaction to milk. Seven patients experienced objective adverse reactions after 5 years. Associations in these patients included wheezing or anaphylaxis on diagnostic OFC or initial reaction and current asthma.Spontaneous resolution of IgE-CMA occurs beyond 5 years. Few patients with IgE-CMA experience objective adverse reactions by late adolescence. Respiratory symptoms with early milk ingestion and asthma in adolescence were associated with persistence of IgE-CMA and of being at risk for more severe adverse reactions to milk until adolescence.The results of this population-based natural history study are interesting and may inform education and intervention strategies. The authors note the small study size, population limited to Israeli patients, and limited follow-up between the ages of 5 and 17 years for some patients as potential limitations of the current study. The authors pose an interesting query about the timeline for achievement of resolution between the ages of 5 and 17 years. This is an area for potential future study.

Nursery WorldVol. 2015, No. 5 PracticeTake your pulsesMary Llewellin, Sofie AldissMary LlewellinSearch for more papers by this author, Sofie AldissSearch for more papers by this authorMary Llewellin; Sofie AldissPublished Online:14 Apr 2015https://doi.org/10.12968/nuwa.2015.5.16AboutSectionsView articleView Full TextPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail View articleAbstractFrom chickpeas to beans and lentils, pulses are an exciting addition to the menu. By Mary Llewellin FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 9 March 2015Volume 2015Issue 5ISSN (print): 0029-6422ISSN (online): 2059-9358 Metrics History Published online 14 April 2015 Published in print 9 March 2015 Information© MA Education LimitedPDF download

It is unclear why some children develop food allergy. The EuroPrevall birth cohort was established to examine regional differences in the prevalence and risk factors of food allergy in European children using gold-standard diagnostic criteria. The aim of this report was to describe pre-, post-natal and environmental characteristics among the participating countries. In nine countries across four major European climatic regions, mothers and their newborns were enrolled from October 2005 through February 2010. Using standardized questionnaires, we assessed allergic diseases and self-reported food hypersensitivity of parents and siblings, nutrition during pregnancy, nutritional supplements, medications, mode of delivery, socio-demographic data and home environmental exposures. A total of 12,049 babies and their families were recruited. Self-reported adverse reactions to food ever were considerably more common in mothers from Germany (30%), Iceland, United Kingdom, and the Netherlands (all 20-22%) compared with those from Italy (11%), Lithuania, Greece, Poland, and Spain (all 5-8%). Prevalence estimates of parental asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema were highest in north-west (Iceland, UK), followed by west (Germany, the Netherlands), south (Greece, Italy, Spain) and lowest in central and east Europe (Poland, Lithuania). Over 17% of Spanish and Greek children were exposed to tobacco smoke in utero compared with only 8-11% in other countries. Caesarean section rate was highest in Greece (44%) and lowest in Spain (<3%). We found country-specific differences in antibiotic use, pet ownership, type of flooring and baby's mattress. In the EuroPrevall birth cohort study, the largest study using gold-standard diagnostic criteria for food allergy in children worldwide, we found considerable country-specific baseline differences regarding a wide range of factors that are hypothesized to play a role in the development of food allergy including allergic family history, obstetrical practices, pre- and post-natal environmental exposures.

The paper reports the relative acidification potential of 10 N2-fixing grain legume species grown in nutrient solution for 35 days after nodule appearance. The legumes studied were pilosus (Lupinus pilosus Murr. P23342), yellow lupin ( Lupinus luteus L. R1171), white lupin ( Lupinus albus L. Kiev mutant), narrow-leafed lupin ( Lupinus angustifolius L. Gungurru), faba bean ( Vicia faba L. Fiord), field pea (Pisum sativum L. Dundale), grasspea ( Lathyrus sativus L. S453), chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L. T1587), common vetch ( Vicia sativa L. Blanchefleur), and lentil ( Lens culinaris Med. ILL6002). The species varied considerably in their acidifying ability; proton production ranged from 77 to 136 cmol/kg dry matter. Chickpea and narrow-leafed lupin had the largest acidification potential and field pea the least. The specific acidification (amount of protons produced per kg dry matter) was best correlated with concentrations of excess cations, ash alkalinity, and calcium in plant across the species but was not correlated with plant nitrogen concentration. Total ash alkalinity or total excess cations in shoots provided a good indicator for estimation of total proton production in these species, which were reliant on N2fixation for their source of N. The results have implications for the selection of legumes to be used in sustainable farming systems.