Real time inspection of hidden worlds

The maturing of reliable wireless communication technologies for local and personal area networks, the broad availability of miniaturized sensor and actuator hardware technologies, and the tremendous growth of global networks like the Internet over the past years have accelerated the emergence of “networked embedded systems”. So called “smart appliances”, i.e. ad-hoc networked, mobile, autonomous, special purpose computing appliances have appeared, usually interacting with their environment implicitly via a variety of sensors on the input side, and actuators on the output side. With the embedding of invisible technology into everyday things and architectural spaces, things and spaces also become the interface to “hidden” or “invisible” computational services. Embedded interactive systems allow to mediate between the physical and digital (or virtual) world via natural interaction — away from the desktop displays and keyboards. The embedding of sophisticated sensor, actuator and wireless communication technologies, together with novel interface concepts for situated interaction (tangible interfaces, attentive interfaces) give rise for bringing the interaction with computers “back to the real world”.

Extended-Reality Technologies: An Overview of Emerging Applications in Medical Education and Clinical Care.

As a significant ecological corridor from west to east across China, the Yangtze River Economical Belt (YREB) is in great need of green development and transformation. Rather than only focusing on the overall growth of green productivity, it is important to identify whether the technical change is biased towards economic performance or green performance in promoting green productivity. By employing the biased technical change theory and Malmquist index decomposition method, we analyze the green biased technical change in terms of industrial water resources in YREB at the output side and the input side respectively. We find that the green biased technical change varies during 2006–2015 at both the input side and output side in YREB. At the input side, water-saving biased technical change is generally dominant compared to water-using biased technical change during 2006–2015, presenting the substitution effects of non-water production factors. At the output side, the economy-growth biased technical change is the main force to promote green productivity, whereas the role of water-conservation biased technical change is insufficient. The green performance at the output side needs to be strengthened compared to the economic performance in YREB. A series of water-related environmental policies introduced in China since 2008 have promoted the green biased technical change both at the input side and the output side in YREB, but the policy effects at the output side is still inadequate compared to that at the input side. The technological innovation in sewage treatment and control need to catch up with the economic growth in YREB. Our research gives insights to enable a deeper understanding of the green biased technical change in YREB and will benefit more focused policy-making of green innovation.

Interacting with the Web of Things

Three main factors are crucial for determining the relationship between direct democracy and minority protection in Hungary: first, the ethnic composition of the country; second, the Hungarian minorities living in the neighbouring countries; and third, the quality of the new democratic system installed in 1990. Viewing these elements together, it becomes clear that minority protection in the context of Hungarian direct democracy does not primarily concern ethnic minorities, but rather the political minorities, i.e. the opposition. Hungarian direct democracy is embedded in a predominantly representative constitutional system, which seeks to ensure parliamentary supremacy, democracy and the rule of law. In this system national minorities are protected through individual and collective rights. The protection of political minorities, however, results from the interplay of the different elements of the overall system of political decision-making, which regulates the interaction between direct and representative democracy: There are mechanisms for safeguarding the rights of the political minorities on both the input and output sides of the referendum process. On the input side, the National Election Committee plays the role of the foremost gatekeeper. It has to decide on the admissibility of the referendum questions. On the output side there are two kinds of safeguards, the first group relating to the principles of parliamentarianism, by which procedural rights are granted to the opposition, the second to the legal protection of rights by the Constitutional Court, which plays the role of a guardian of last resort of the rule of law on the output side.

Interacting with real-world objects in Mixed Reality (MR) often proves difficult when they are crowded, distant, or partially occluded, hindering straightforward selection and manipulation. We observe that these difficulties stem from performing interaction directly on physical objects, where input is tightly coupled to their physical constraints. Our key insight is to decouple interaction from these constraints by introducing proxies-abstract representations of real-world objects. We embody this concept in Reality Proxy, a system that seamlessly shifts interaction targets from physical objects to their proxies during selection. Beyond facilitating basic selection, Reality Proxy uses AI to enrich proxies with semantic attributes and hierarchical spatial relationships of their corresponding physical objects, enabling novel and previously cumbersome interactions in MR - such as skimming, attribute-based filtering, navigating nested groups, and complex multi object selections - all without requiring new gestures or menu systems. We demonstrate Reality Proxy's versatility across diverse scenarios, including office information retrieval, large-scale spatial navigation, and multi-drone control. An expert evaluation suggests the system's utility and usability, suggesting that proxy-based abstractions offer a powerful and generalizable interaction paradigm for future MR systems.

Ensuring that mixed reality spaces are inclusive to those who have motor impairments requires evaluating and, if necessary, modifying existing technology for the assistive mobility devices they use. Heads-up displays (HUDs) are a common facilitator of virtual augmentations on physical reality, especially for motor vehicles. However, little research to date has explored the efficacy of such displays for powered chairs, which is paramount to ensure safety and effectiveness of use. In this pilot study, we compared (a) transparency of the display (transparent, semi-transparent, and opaque) and (b) presentation mode of the information (text, icon, and text + icon) through dynamic powered chair navigation tasks in a controlled course setup. We found no difference for workload and error among transparency and presentation styles, but a significant difference between presentation styles on delay. These results will be evaluated in full through an mixed reality platform with powered chair users.

The development of ubiquitous computing has brought up the emergence of a new type of space, sensitive and neither fully material nor totally virtual, within our environments. This essay discusses, from a cultural perspective, aesthetic and philosophical issues related to what has been called “mixed reality spaces”. It aims to show how early examples of interactive art can be found in Baroque architecture and, through analysis of the perceptual means used in some of those works, proposes a strategy for bringing aesthetic depth and relevance into mixed reality installations. Depicting philosophical implications between vision and touch and their consequences for aesthetics, this essay proposes that, while designing mixed reality installations, artist operate a radical shift from the vision to touch in order to create meaningful experiences and preserve freedom for the participant.

A novel three-phase full-bridge power factor corrector is presented in this paper. The corrector operates in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM), the peak of input current follows the input voltage automatically. It can achieve zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) for the leading-leg switches and zero-current-switching (ZCS) for the lagging-leg switches without adding any auxiliary device. Due to the adoption of high frequency transformer, the electrical isolation between input and output sides and output voltage regulation could be achieved. The corrector is very suitable for charging systems. It can reduce the voltage stress of the switches of the DC/DC converters used in the later stage as well as achieve a high power factor (PF) in the input side. Some introduction and analysis about the corrector has been given. Finally, the analysis on this corrector has been verified through simulation and experiment.

This paper work includes the idea of power decoupling. The A.C. D.C. converter is delivered through the ac mains supply. For a single-phase ac supply system with unity power factor (pf.), the input side current is sinusoidal in nature and within phase along with the voltage signal of the A.C. source supply. The input side power supply is decoupled from D.C. signal component and an alternating current power supply with a frequency double of the line power frequency. To withstand a persistent output side power supply, a power controller consuming feedback from PID system is generally presented to compute error in undue power segments between two cycles and regulate the voltage at the feedback signal from the load device on the remaining time of cycle periods. Using such scheme the output side of the power adaptation circuit system can be kept persistent. In real time small ripple offerings on the output side voltage. Consequently, the output side filter capacitor requirement is successfully minimized.

The macro literature on transaction costs has hitherto focused only on the input side while assessing the importance of the transaction sector. This ignores the nature of services provided by the sector to facilitate exchange in the economy. We use the tools of Social Network Analysis as well as Indian Input-Output tables to examine the magnitude, direction (both input as well as output), and network structure of the pattern of resource exchanges between the transaction sector and the rest of the Indian economy in the post-liberalization era. We find that although resource use by the transaction sector is increasing over time, the sector is relatively isolated from the rest of the economy on the input side, indicating a lack of importance from a network perspective. In contrast, the transaction sector is highly integrated with the rest of the economy on the output side. Further, there is a high level of dependence of other sectors on the transaction sector to conduct resource exchanges. Increasing network density is accompanied by a simultaneous decentralization of the economy, supported by the rise in importance of the transaction sector on the output side.

Cadaveric dissection has traditionally been the cornerstone of anatomical education, yet limited access to cadaveric material necessitates alternative teaching methods. Mixed Reality (MR) and 3D printing offer immersive, interactive experiences that may enhance the understanding of complex anatomical structures. 236 medical students were randomly assigned to three groups: MR, 3D printing, and control. Anonymized computed tomography angiography (CTA) data were used to generate 3D-printed models and holographic reconstructions. Students participated in structured anatomy sessions and completed an post-test assessment, followed by a second evaluation several weeks later. The MR group achieved the highest mean test scores, with a statistically significant difference from the control group (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found between the 3D printing and control groups. Most students rated both MR and 3D printing positively, with MR receiving the highest evaluations. However, follow-up assessments revealed no significant differences in delayed knowledge retention. MR and 3D printing are effective adjuncts to traditional anatomical education. MR demonstrated superior short-term knowledge acquisition, but delayed retention was comparable across groups. Further research should explore the impact of repeated exposure to these technologies in medical education.

Artificial intelligence and mixed reality are realities now, not just ideas from science fiction films. AI analyzes data and can provide interpretation, just like the human brain. The efficiency and accuracy of this are causing the globe to adopt it presently. As opposed to mixed reality (MR), which combines the actual and virtual worlds to create new locations and scenarios, where things are both digital and tangible and interact with each other in real time. With a focus on Indian education, this paper provides a thorough overview of artificial intelligence (AI) and mixed reality technologies and their prospective educational applications. Together, artificial intelligence (AI) and mixed reality can revolutionize education by enhancing learning outcomes and bringing fresh resources to the classroom that have the power to change traditional methods of instruction. Like any new technology, there are hazards involved in using it, though. Experts are even in danger because of its immense power, which has the potential to fundamentally alter several industries and cause a large number of job losses. which has the potential to fundamentally alter several industries and cause a large number of job losses. Keywords -- Mixed Reality, Artificial Intelligence, Indian Education

Mixed reality refers to the integration of virtual reality into the real-world environment. This digital content can be interacted with in real time. The emergence of mixed reality technology has been made possible by the introduction of head-mounted displays, which are being utilized across multiple surgical specialties. In upper extremity surgery, mixed reality has widespread applications in trauma, corrective surgery, arthroplasty, arthroscopy, and oncology. Preoperatively, mixed reality allows for complex 3D planning. Intraoperatively, surgeons can access this 3D data in a sterile environment. While in its infant stages, mixed reality is likely to become a powerful tool for intraoperative guidance and navigation. Mixed reality can change the paradigm of communication, as it allows the sharing of visual data from the surgeon's perspective, enabling remote assistance and participation.

The mixed reality conference system proposed in this paper is a robust, real-time video conference application software that makes up for the simple interaction and lack of immersion and realism of traditional video conference, which realizes the entire process of holographic video conference from client to cloud to the client. This paper mainly focuses on designing and implementing a video conference system based on AI segmentation technology and mixed reality. Several mixed reality conference system components are discussed, including data collection, data transmission, processing, and mixed reality presentation. The data layer is mainly used for data collection, integration, and video and audio codecs. The network layer uses Web-RTC to realize peer-to-peer data communication. The data processing layer is the core part of the system, mainly for human video matting and human-computer interaction, which is the key to realizing mixed reality conferences and improving the interactive experience. The presentation layer explicitly includes the login interface of the mixed reality conference system, the presentation of real-time matting of human subjects, and the presentation objects. With the mixed reality conference system, conference participants in different places can see each other in real-time in their mixed reality scene and share presentation content and 3D models based on mixed reality technology to have a more interactive and immersive experience.