Real-world data using mHealth apps in rhinitis, rhinosinusitis and their multimorbidities.

BackgroundSmartphone mobile health (mHealth) apps have the potential to enhance access to health care services and address health care disparities, especially in low-resource settings. However, when developed without attention to equity and inclusivity, mHealth apps can also exacerbate health disparities. Understanding and creating solutions for the disparities caused by mHealth apps is crucial for achieving health equity. There is a noticeable gap in research that comprehensively assesses the entire spectrum of existing health apps and extensively explores apps for specific health priorities from a health care and public health perspective. In this context, with its vast and diverse population, India presents a unique context for studying the landscape of mHealth apps.ObjectiveThis study aimed to create a comprehensive dataset of mHealth apps available in India with an initial focus on heart disease (HD)–related apps.MethodsWe collected individual app data from apps in the “medical” and “health and fitness” categories from the Google Play Store and the Apple App Store in December 2022 and July 2023, respectively. Using natural language processing techniques, we selected HD apps, performed statistical analysis, and applied latent Dirichlet allocation for clustering and topic modeling to categorize the resulting HD apps.ResultsWe collected 118,555 health apps from the Apple App Store and 108,945 health apps from the Google Play Store. Within these datasets, we found that approximately 1.7% (1990/118,555) of apps on the Apple App Store and 0.5% (548/108,945) on the Google Play Store included support for Indian languages. Using monograms and bigrams related to HD, we identified 1681 HD apps from the Apple App Store and 588 HD apps from the Google Play Store. HD apps make up only a small fraction of the total number of health apps available in India. About 90% (1496/1681 on Apple App Store and 548/588 on Google Play Store) of the HD apps were free of cost. However, more than 70% (1329/1681, 79.1% on Apple App Store and 423/588, 71.9% on Google Play Store) of HD apps had no reviews and rating-scores, indicating low overall use.ConclusionsOur study proposed a robust method for collecting and analyzing metadata from a wide array of mHealth apps available in India through the Apple App Store and Google Play Store. We revealed the limited representation of India’s linguistic diversity within the health and medical app landscape, evident from the negligible presence of Indian-language apps. We observed a scarcity of mHealth apps dedicated to HD, along with a lower level of user engagement, as indicated by reviews and app ratings. While most HD apps are financially accessible, uptake remains a challenge. Further research should focus on app quality assessment and factors influencing user adoption.

Parents learning about their children with medical complexity often use numerous health-related resources, including mobile health applications (mHealth apps). mHealth apps could provide broad access to key information and support, lower healthcare costs, and improve care. The quality of mHealth apps for this population has been a concern, but is currently unknown. The objective of this systematic review was to identify and evaluate the quality of publicly available mHealth apps designed for parents who are preparing or caring for medically complex infants. A systematic search strategy was applied to identify mHealth apps in the Apple and Google Play app stores in November 2022 and replicated in August 2024. Apps with no cost, in English, designed for parents of infants with perinatal medical complexity requiring hospitalization were included. Apps for healthy pregnancies, children >1 year, non-parental caregivers or healthcare professionals, primarily for tracking/monitoring, or unrelated activities/products were excluded. Independent raters used the Mobile Application Rating Scale (MARS) subscales of Engagement, Functionality, Aesthetics, and Information to evaluate quality for each app. Mean ratings were calculated by subscale and for overall app quality. From 1,917 identified apps, 32 apps were downloaded and fully screened. The final sample of 15 unique apps were available on the Apple App Store, with six also available on the Google Play Store. Most apps focused on prematurity (n=6), followed by the neonatal intensive care experience (n=4), congenital heart disease (n=4), and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (n=1). MARS ratings of the overall sample (mean =3.61, median =3.58; range, 2.65-4.68) indicated 20% (3/15) were of good quality and 67% (10/15) were of acceptable quality. Apps showed strengths in Functionality and Information and performed worst in Engagement. The poorest quality found in Engagement suggests that most of these apps do not effectively target users' interests or needs. Notably, many suffered from a lack of recent updates or became unavailable. This decline appears to parallel the increasing integration of digital health technologies within healthcare systems, which could prompt testing of mHealth apps on health outcomes. High-quality mHealth apps that are valued by parents and offer evidence-based information and support are needed to extend care.

Mobile devices and applications (apps) that act as access tools for health care management aid in the improvement of clinical decision making and patient outcomes. However, the tremendous amount of mobile health (mHealth) apps available in commercial app stores makes it hard for the lay users as well as health care professionals to choose the right one for their individual needs. The contents and features of these apps have not been systematically reviewed and compared. This study aims to assess the contents and features of mHealth apps for caring of older people. A review and comparison of mHealth apps for caring of older people available in Google's Play Store (Android system) and Apple's App Store (iOS system) were performed. Systematic review of previous relevant literature were conducted. The assessment criteria used for comparison were requirement for Internet connection, information of disease, size of app, diagnostics and assessment tools, medical calculator, dosage recommendations and indications, clinical updates, drugs interaction checker, and information on disease management. Twenty-five mHealth apps were assessed. Medscape and Skyscape Medical Library are the most comprehensive mHealth apps for general drug information, medical references, clinical score, and medical calculator. Alzheimer's Disease Pocketcard and Confusion: Delirium & Dementia: A Bedside Guide apps are recommended for clinical assessment, diagnosis, drug information, and management of geriatric patients with Alzheimer disease, delirium, and dementia. More studies about mHealth apps for caring of older people are warranted to ensure the quality and reliability of the mHealth apps.

Study question Does mobile applications (apps) developed for infertile couples have a holistic and utility characteristic? Summary answer Many mobil apps developed in the field of fertility have limited features and very few relevant, understandable, and holistic apps were present for infertile individuals. What is known already In an increasingly technological world, mobile apps offer promising alternatives to support couples’ fertility treatment. Infertile couples can use these apps with aim to manage lifestyle, learn about fertility, follow clinical appointments, receive psychological support, or to seek peer support. For increasing efficiency of this applications, holistic approach should be considered. Human is a whole with biological, physiological, psychological, social and spiritual dimensions and in fertility treatment process all dimensions are highly crucial. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility and holistic perspectives of apps developed for infertile couples by using “APPLICATIONS” mobile app scoring system. Study design, size, duration The study was a systematic evaluation of apps related to fertility and it was conducted via mobile applications platform. To determine relevant apps search was conducted on Google Play and Apple App Store by using “infertility”, “fertility”, “in vitro fertilization”, “IVF”, “sterility” and “fecundity” key words.The search was conducted twice in 1-year intervals, in February 2021 and March 2022. In total from 1917 reached apps; 1841 apps were excluded, and 76 eligible app were evaluated. Participants/materials, setting, methods Mobile apps were independently evaluated by two authors via using APPLICATIONS scoring system. The APPLICATIONS scoring system consists objective criteria such as comprehensiveness (holistic approach), fee, subscription, use of evidence-based information, purchasing, connection, advertising, text search area, interplatform suitability, use of images/shapes or videos, and app-specific features are objective scoring criteria and subjective criteria for instance subjective presentation and ease of navigation in the app. Consequently the maximum score of APPLICATIONS scoring system is 17. Main results and the role of chance The study reached 1917 applications from the search with its keywords. Seventy-six mobile applications meeting the inclusion criteria were analyzed according to the “APPLICATIONS” scoring system. Of the 76 applications in the analysis, 18 were available only in the Apple App Store (23%), 28 were available only in the Google Play Store (36%), and 30 were available on both platforms (41%). Among analyzed app, we determined that one app received 16 points out of maximum 17 points, and two apps received 15 points each. Also, the lowest scoring app earned 4 points. According to overall composite scores, evaluable apps in our study showed scores in the middle range of possible scores with an average score of 9 out of 17, indicating insufficient quality in mobile apps. Besides that, only six apps (%7.8) meet all holistic comprehensiveness criteria and received full scores. Of 76 mobile applications, 31.5% were developed by a healthcare professional, 31.5% by a software company, and 38% by an unknown entity. In addition, 48% of the applications evaluated were specific to infertile couples, 45% were specific to infertile women, and 7% were specific to infertile men. Limitations, reasons for caution Because of the nature of the digital environment, mobile apps are in a continuously changing and rapidly developing internet environment, and currently, newly developed mobile apps were not present in the analysis. This was the limitation of our study. Wider implications of the findings Using mobile health apps can help infertile couples to improve treatment outcomes. Healthcare professionals should be aware of the widespread use of apps and correct the faulty practice recommendations that patients may encounter, and couples should be guided to the correct practices. Trial registration number not applicable

Background The use of mobile apps for health and well-being has grown exponentially in the last decade, as such apps were reported to be ideal platforms for behavioral change and symptoms monitoring and management. Objective This study aimed to systematically review period tracking applications available at Google Play and Apple App Stores and determine the presence, features, and quality of these smartphone apps. In addition, behavioral changes associated with the top 5 rated apps were assessed. Methods This study used the Systematic Search Criteria through Google Play Store and iTunes Apple Store, using terms related to period tracking. Apps were scanned for matching the inclusion criteria and the included apps were assessed by two reviewers using the Mobile Application Rating Scale (MARS), a tool that was developed for classifying and assessing the quality of mHealth apps. Results Forty-nine apps met the inclusion criteria. Most of the apps enabled setting user goals, motivations, and interactivity, tracking multiple symptoms or mood changes, allowed notifications, and used graphs to illustrate the tracking result over a specific period of time. The majority of features and functions within these apps were offered for free, while some apps included limited in-app purchases or needed Internet connection to function. Certain apps were reported by participants to promote behavioral change and increase knowledge and awareness regarding monthly periods. Conclusions Period tracking apps were easy to use and navigate and can hence be readily adopted into routine tracking and management of periods. However, most apps were not based on significant evidence and may need further development to support period-related symptom management.

Background: Annually, there are 3.7 billion downloads of mobile health apps. There are 275.6 million smartphones in the US. Diabetes affects 34.2 million people and 88 million have prediabetes. Diabetes is a risk factor for COVID-19 and affects longterm health of the survivors. Other risk factors for COVID-19, include race and gender. There are also linguistic barriers to care in Diabetes and COVID-19. Both diabetes and COVID-19 have higher risks associated with race and ethnicity. With the pandemic, the US government, Google and Facebook, in March 2020, provided emergency grants for COVID-19 and dissemination of public education. Did the Diabetes apps meet this moment of public health crisis?. Purpose: Do Diabetes Apps provide information about COVID-19 and its risk factors? Methods: Using the search term “diabetes,” the top ten most downloaded android and iOS apps were assessed in the Google Play Store/Apple App Store, respectively. Inclusion criteria: 1) Android: Downloads > 100,000; iOS: Reviews > 300, star rating >4. Apple App store does not provide download information. 2) Free; 3) Ability to track health data: HbA1C, FBS; 4) Language Accessibility via in-app language settings. Results: In the Google Play Store(DROID), the top ten apps in descending order were: 1) mySugr, 2) Onetouch Reveal, 3) OneDrop Diabetes Management, 4) Diabetes: M, 5) Health2Sync - Diabetes Care, 6) Diabetes, 7) Ontrack Diabetes, 8) Blood Glucose Tracker, 9) Glucose Buddy Diabetes Tracker, and 10) Diabetes Connect. In the Apple App Store(iOS), the top ten apps in descending order were: 1) OneTouch Reveal, 2) Glucose Buddy Diabetes, 3) One Drop for Diabetes, 4) Glucose - Blood Sugar Tracker, 5) Blood Sugar Monitor by Dario, 6) mySugr, 7) Sugarmate, 8) DiabetesPal, 9) Diabetes:M, 10) Center Health - The Diabetes App. Of the 10 DROID apps: 0/10 had COVID symptom information in the app; 3/10 had a COVID statement; In-app language settings: 2/10 had Spanish and 1/10 had Chinese. Gender: 7/10 Droid apps. Race/Ethnicity: 0/10. Of the ten iOS apps: 0/10 had COVID symptom information in the app; 4/10 had a COVID statement (Only mySugr has CDC link for COVID information); In-app language settings: 1/10 had Spanish and 0/10 had Chinese settings. Gender: 9/10 Droid apps; 7/10 iOS apps, Race/Ethnicty:1/10. Conclusion: Of the top 20 diabetes apps, none had information about COVID-19 and its symptoms within the app. Also, the overall language accessibility is limited. Despite popularity of ehealth, physicians can continue to play an important role in public education about Diabetes and COVID-19 during this important time of the pandemic.

Digital health tools, such as apps, have the potential to promote healthy behaviours, especially self-monitoring, which can facilitate pregnancy management and reduce the risk of associated pregnancy health conditions. While pregnancy apps are popular amongst pregnant women, there is limited information about the overall quality of their content or self-monitoring tools and the number of behaviour change techniques (BCTs) that they include. The aim of this study was thus to assess the quality of pregnancy apps for self-monitoring, and their usage of BCTs. We identified pregnancy apps by web scraping the most popular global apps for self-monitoring in the Apple App Store and Google Play Store available in Australia. The app quality was evaluated using the scorecard approach and the inclusion of BCTs was evaluated using the ABACUS tool. We identified 31 pregnancy apps that met our eligibility criteria. We found that pregnancy apps tended to score the highest in the domains of 'cost and time', 'usability', and 'technical', and lowest on 'clinical' and 'end-user requirements'. Additionally, the majority of apps contained minimal BCTs. Based on our findings, we propose a digital health scorecard visualisation that would break down app quality criteria and present them in a more accessible way to clinicians and pregnant users. We conclude that these findings highlight the shortcomings of available commercial pregnancy apps and the utility of a digital health scorecard visualisation that would empower users to make more informed decisions about which apps are the most appropriate for their needs.

The enactment of the "Act to Improve Healthcare Provision through Digitalisation and Innovation " (Digital Healthcare Act; Digitale-Versorgung-Gesetz [DVG]) in Germany has introduced a paradigm shift in medical practice, allowing physicians to prescribe mobile health (mHealth) apps alongside traditional medications. This transformation imposes a dual responsibility on physicians to acquaint themselves with qualifying apps and align them with patient diagnoses, while requiring patients to adhere to the prescribed app use, similar to pharmaceutical adherence. This transition, particularly challenging for older generations who are less skilled with technology, underscores a significant evolution in Germany's medical landscape. This study aims to investigate physicians' responses to this novel treatment option, their strategies for adapting to this form of prescription, and the willingness of patients to adhere to prescribed mHealth apps. Using an exploratory qualitative study design, we conducted semistructured interviews with 28 physicians and 30 potential patients aged 50 years and older from August 2020 to June 2021. The findings reveal several factors influencing the adoption of mHealth apps, prompting a nuanced understanding of adoption research. Notably, both physicians and patients demonstrated a lack of information regarding mHealth apps and their positive health impacts, contributing to a deficiency in trust. Physicians' self-perceived digital competence and their evaluation of patients' digital proficiency emerge as pivotal factors influencing the prescription of mHealth apps. Our study provides comprehensive insights into the prescription process and the fundamental factors shaping the adoption of mHealth apps in Germany. The identified information gaps on both the physicians' and patients' sides contribute to a trust deficit and hindered digital competence. This research advances the understanding of adoption dynamics regarding digital health technologies and highlights crucial considerations for the successful integration of digital health apps into medical practice.

To identify and profile the available orthodontic smartphone apps published on the UK Apple App Store and Google Play Store. A review of available smartphone apps. London, UK. The Apple App Store and Google Play Store were accessed in October 2018; all orthodontic apps with a title and description available in English were included. Each app was classified according to the following criteria: name; target audience (patient or clinician); focus; platform (Apple App Store and/or Google Play Store); cost; rating and number of ratings; size; creation date; country of development and developer. A total of 305 orthodontic related apps were identified for inclusion. The majority of apps were aimed at patients (n = 241) and the most of these were focussed on gaming (n = 136), many apps were also found to be developed by specialist practices (n = 63) and to provide knowledge for patients (n = 56). Two hundred and ninety-five apps were free, with some of these including the option of paying for in-app purchases. Most apps were developed in the USA (n = 84). There has been an increase in the availability of orthodontic apps in recent years. The majority of available apps are patient-focused, most commonly games. A number of apps aim to elicit a behaviour change in our patients; therefore, there is a need to assess the quality and educational content of these.

BackgroundThe internet has become an increasingly popular medium for parents to obtain health information. More studies investigating the impact of paid digital marketing campaigns for parents on promoting children’s healthy development are needed.ObjectiveThis study aims to explore the outcomes of a paid digital marketing campaign, which occurred from 2018 to 2020, to promote messages about parent-engaged developmental monitoring and ultimately direct parents to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC’s) Milestone Tracker app, a mobile health (mHealth) app developed by the CDC.MethodsThe paid digital marketing campaign occurred in 3 phases from 2018 to 2020. In each phase, 24 to 36 marketing messages, in English and Spanish, were created and disseminated using Google’s Universal App Campaigns and Facebook Ads Manager. Outcomes were measured using impressions, clicks, and install data. Return on investment was measured using click-through rate (CTR), cost per click, and cost per install metrics.ResultsThe Google-driven marketing messages garnered a total of 4,879,722 impressions (n=1,991,250, 40.81% for English and n=2,888,472, 59.19% for Spanish). The messages resulted in a total of 73,956 clicks (n=44,328, 59.94% for English and n=29,628, 40.06% for Spanish), with a total average CTR of 1.52% (2.22% for English and 1.03% for Spanish). From these clicks, there were 13,707 installs (n=9765, 71.24% for English and n=3942, 28.76% for Spanish) of the CDC’s Milestone Tracker app on Google Play Store. The total average cost per install was US $0.93 across all phases. The phase 3 headline “Track your child’s development” generated the highest CTR of 3.23% for both English and Spanish audiences. The Facebook-driven marketing messages garnered 2,434,320 impressions (n=1,612,934, 66.26% for English and n=821,386, 33.74% for Spanish). The messages resulted in 44,698 clicks (n=33,353, 74.62% for English and n=11,345, 25.38% for Spanish), with an average CTR of 1.84% (2.07% for English and 1.38% for Spanish). In all 3 phases, animated graphics generated the greatest number of clicks among both English and Spanish audiences on Facebook when compared with other types of images.ConclusionsThese paid digital marketing campaigns can increase targeted message exposure about parent-engaged developmental monitoring and direct a parent audience to an mHealth app. Digital marketing platforms provide helpful metrics that can be used to assess the reach, engagement, and cost-effectiveness of this effort. The results from this study suggest that paid digital marketing can be an effective strategy and can inform future digital marketing activities to promote mHealth apps targeting parents of young children.

Mobile health (mHealth) apps provide innovative solutions for improving treatment adherence, facilitating lifestyle modifications, and optimizing blood pressure control in patients with hypertension. Despite their potential benefits, the adoption and recommendation of mHealth apps by physicians in Germany remain limited. This reluctance may be due to a lack of understanding of the factors influencing physicians' willingness to incorporate these digital tools into routine clinical practice. Understanding these factors is crucial for fostering greater integration of mHealth apps in hypertension care. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between physicians' information needs and acceptance factors, and how these elements can support the effective integration of mHealth apps into daily medical routines. We conducted a qualitative study involving 24 semistructured telephone interviews with physicians, including 14 cardiologists and 10 general practitioners, who are involved in the treatment of hypertensive patients. Participants were selected through purposive sampling to ensure a diverse range of perspectives. Thematic analysis was conducted using MAXQDA software (Verbi GmbH) to identify key themes and subthemes related to the acceptance and use of mHealth apps. The analysis revealed significant variability in physicians' information needs regarding mHealth apps, particularly concerning their functionalities, clinical benefits, and potential impact on patient outcomes. These informational gaps play a critical role in determining whether physicians are willing to recommend mHealth apps to their patients. Key determinants influencing acceptance were identified, including the availability of robust knowledge about the apps, high-quality and reliable data, generational shifts within the medical profession, solid evidence supporting the effectiveness of the mHealth apps, and clearly defined areas of application and responsibilities within the physician-patient relationship. The study found that acceptance of mHealth apps could be significantly increased through targeted educational initiatives, enhanced data quality, and better integration of these tools into existing clinical workflows. Furthermore, younger physicians, more familiar with digital technologies, demonstrated greater openness to using mHealth apps, suggesting that generational changes may drive future increases in adoption. The successful integration of mHealth apps into hypertension management requires a multifaceted approach that addresses both the informational and practical concerns of physicians. By disseminating comprehensive knowledge about the variety, functionality, and proven efficacy of hypertension-related mHealth apps, health care providers can be better equipped to use these tools effectively. This approach necessitates the implementation of various knowledge transfer strategies, such as targeted training programs, peer learning opportunities, and active engagement with digital health technologies. As physicians become more informed and confident in the use of mHealth apps, their acceptance and recommendation of these tools are likely to increase, leading to more widespread adoption. Overcoming current barriers related to information deficits and data quality is essential for ensuring that mHealth apps are optimally used in routine hypertension care, ultimately improving patient outcomes and enhancing the overall quality of care. German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00029761; https://drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00029761. RR2-10.3389/fcvm.2022.1089968.

Mobile health technologies for the management of urinary incontinence: A systematic review of online stores in Brazil

Loot boxes in video games are a form of in-game transactions with randomized elements. Concerns have been raised about loot boxes' similarities with gambling and their potential harms (e.g. overspending). Recognizing players' and parents' concerns, in mid-2020, the Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB) and PEGI (Pan-European Game Information) announced that games containing loot boxes or any forms of in-game transactions with randomized elements will be marked by a new label stating ‘In-Game Purchases (Includes Random Items)’. The same label has also been adopted by the International Age Rating Coalition (IARC) and thereby assigned to games available on digital storefronts, e.g. the Google Play Store. The label is intended to provide more information to consumers and allow them to make more informed purchasing decisions. This measure is not legally binding and has been adopted as industry self-regulation or corporate social responsibility. Previous research has suggested that industry self-regulation might not be effectively complied with due to conflicting commercial interests. Compliance with the ESRB's, PEGI's and IARC's loot box presence warning label was assessed in two studies. The first study found that 60.6% of all games labelled by either the ESRB or PEGI (or 16.1% using a more equitable methodology) were not labelled by the other. The majority of the inconsistencies were caused by the ESRB refusing to apply the measure retroactively. Five instances where one age rating organization culpably failed to accurately identify loot box presence were identified (although only two cases were admitted by the relevant organization). Generally, with newly released games, consumers can rely on the PEGI and ESRB labels. PEGI has retroactively labelled many older games, meaning that consumers can expect the labelling to be accurate. However, due to the ESRB's policies (which it has refused to improve), North American consumers cannot rely on the label for many older games containing loot boxes, unlike their European counterparts. The data suggest that the loot box issue is far more pressing on mobile platforms than console/PC platforms. The second study found that 71.0% of popular games containing loot boxes on the Google Play Store (whose age rating system is regulated through IARC) did not display the label and were therefore non-compliant. The IARC's current policy on the Google Play Store is that only games submitted for rating after February 2022 are required to be labelled. This policy (which the IARC has refused to improve) means that most popular and high-grossing games can be, and presently are, marketed without the label, thus significantly reducing the measure's scope and potential benefit. The Apple App Store still does not allow loot box presence to be disclosed. At present, consumers and parents cannot rely on this self-regulatory measure to provide accurate information as to loot box presence for mobile games. Due to their immense scale, the mobile markets pose regulatory and enforcement challenges that PEGI admits are not yet resolved. The mere existence of this measure cannot be used to justify the non-regulation of loot boxes by governments, given the poor compliance and doubtful efficacy (even if when complied with satisfactorily). Improvements to the existing age rating systems are proposed. Preregistered Stage 1 protocol: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/E6QBM (date of in-principle acceptance: 12 January 2023).

Google Play and Apple's App Store dominate the mobile health app market. We analyzed the metadata and descriptive texts of apps in the medical category using semi-automated retrospective app store analysis (SARASA) and compared the store offerings in terms of their number, descriptive texts, user ratings, medical device status, diseases, and conditions (both keyword-based). Relatively speaking, the store listings for the selected items were comparable.

There are more than 325,000 health-related smartphone applications (apps) on the market. To better understand the apps currently on the market for the five most disabling neuropsychiatric conditions, the authors conducted a study investigating their intended uses (target population and intervention), the data collected, and any privacy policies. This was a cross-sectional study of apps for the five most disabling neuropsychiatric conditions per the World Health Organization: stroke, migraine, depression, Alzheimer's disease and dementia, and anxiety. Up to 15 apps in the U.S. Google Play and Apple app stores were selected based on the following prespecified inclusion criteria: the app appeared in the top 50 search results, offered intervention or tracking capabilities, and listed the condition in the app title or description. Exclusion criteria were <$5.00 to purchase, solely motor versus cognitive-based intervention, or designed for use by caregivers or health care providers. Data abstracted included function, behavior change rewards, and information about intervention, privacy policy, and payment. Eighty-three apps were reviewed (stroke, N=8; migraine, N=25; Alzheimer's disease and dementia, N=8; depression, N=7; anxiety, N=14; apps targeting depression and anxiety, N=21). Sixty-nine percent of apps had an intervention component, 18% were deemed evidence based, 77% had a privacy policy, 70% required payment for access to all features, and 19% rewarded user behavior changes. Most apps on the market targeted migraine, depression, and anxiety and contained interventions, although most of the interventions did not appear to be evidence based. Additionally, although most apps had privacy policies, lay people may have difficulty understanding these policies due to their complexities.