Recent Developments in Chip Control Research and Applications

The reliability of machining operation is an essential requirement in a modern production system. Chip control is one major aspect with regard to turning operation and becomes significant in industrial automation. At present, toolpath simulation is available in most computer aided manufacturing (CAM) systems. However, only the rendering scene of the stock material shape changing during cutting and the resultant part are shown. The chips formed in the machining process are not modelled or displayed in the simulation. To assess the chip control properly, many models and simulation methods were developed for predicting the chip forms produced in the cutting operation. If the chip forms can be predicted using some of the mathematical models, the design and planning of the machining operation can be greatly assisted, especially in the shop-floor level. Apart from chip form prediction, modelling of the machining process and chip formation are also issues that must be considered. To do this, a chip modelling and simulation system is proposed. Based on the machining parameters settings, the corresponding chip model can be calculated and simulated for more realistic analysis. The present paper first outlines the chip form mathematical model being used. The criteria to ensure that the theoretical model can be used to calculate the practical chip models effectively are described. Then the modelling of the chips and the simulation of the chip forming with computer graphic animation are explained. Several sets of turning parameters are used as examples to demonstrate how the corresponding chip models are calculated from the proposed system.

The deformation conditions in machining of metals and alloys offer a unique route for materials processing with remarkable advantages over conventional deformation processes. The intense shear strain and high strain-rates in machining can be applied to form chips with controlled geometry. That is, the chip formation in machining can be used directly as a materials processing route wherein the chip becomes the product. The technical details for two of these processes — hybrid cutting-extrusion (HCE) and modulation-assisted machining (MAM) — are discussed and recent experimental results are presented. Both processes involve direct control of the shear-based deformation in machining. HCE applies an additional constraint in cutting which converts the otherwise uncontrolled chip thickness to a controlled format of specific size and shape. In HCE processing of sheet and strip, the deformed chip thickness is less than the deformed chip thickness in conventional cutting. The superimposed oscillation in MAM converts the otherwise continuous cutting process into a series of discrete cutting events. The control of the MAM and cutting conditions enable unique control of chip formation and the production of equiaxed, fiber, and platelet powder (particle) morphologies. The HCE and MAM processes demonstrate how chip control in machining can provide a route to applications opportunities in materials manufacturing.

Effective chip control is an essential requirement of modern automatic and computer numerically controlled (CNC) machining operations. This paper asserts that the study of chip control can be divided into three branches—chip dynamics, chip kinematics, and chip breaking mechanics—each having different research emphasis. Chip kinematics is becoming a promising research area, serving as an essential bridge between the other two branches. In developing the mathematical formulation of chip kinematics, this paper introduces three patterns of chip curl, i.e., up-, side-, and lateral-curl, followed by the establishment of a Cartesian coordinate system. Chip form is measured by three geometric parameters: the resultant radius R of chip curl, the pitch P of the chip helix, and the inclined angle θ of the helical axis to the helical surface. It is revealed that the final chip form is determined by four governing variables: chip up-, side-, and lateral-curl radii (Ru, Rs, and Rl) and chip side-flow angle (ηs). The effect of Ru, Rs, Rl, and ηs on chip forms is investigated. A set of new chip kinematical equations and computer-simulated chip forms are also established in this paper.

The chip control factor in machinability assessments: Recent trends

Cognitive Models of Depression: Critique and Directions for Future Research

This article discusses the concept of homework in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and reviews the articles in this special issue of Cognitive Therapy and Research. The article underscores the pivotal role of between- session activities and demonstrates that this role has been recognized for many years. This article reviews the articles from this special issue and uses them as a springboard to review other research and then discuss potential directions for future theory and research. The initial research in this area focused on documenting the magnitude of the relationship between homework adherence and outcome in CBT. Research has now advanced to incorporate studies that examine issues such as homework competence, the complicated relationship between homework and other aspects of CBT such as the therapeutic relationship, and the use of technology to try to enhance homework completion and clinical outcomes. The use of homework assignments in CBT remains a critical issue for development. Limitations of the literature are addressed, and directions for future research in the field are provided.

Rule-based methods have traditionally been applied to develop knowledge-based systems that replicate expert performance on a deep but narrow problem domain. Knowledge engineers capture expert knowledge and encode it as a set of rules for automating the expert’s reasoning process to solve problems in a variety of domains. We describe the development of a knowledge-based system approach to enhance program comprehension of Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) software. Our approach uses rule-based methods to automate the analysis of the set of artifacts involved in building and deploying a SOA composite application. The rules codify expert knowledge to abstract information from these artifacts to facilitate program comprehension and thus assist Software Engineers as they perform system maintenance activities. A main advantage of the knowledge-based approach is its adaptability to the heterogeneous and dynamically evolving nature of SOA environments.

This article analyses the field of research on information and communication technology (ICT) in education. It reviews the results of ICT researches carried out in the world. First, the article presents the retrospective of researches on ICT implementation into education. Summarizing them, it reviews main research findings in five areas of ICT implementation: 1) the impact of ICT use on students achievements and attitudes; 2) the impact of ICT use on teachers; 3) the effect of teachers' factors and instructional methods on ICT efficiency; 4) the influence of infrastructure and organizational factors on ICT efficiency; 5) the effect of specific software design features. Then, the paper reviews the main recent and future directions of researches on ICT in education, in the world. Finally, it shortly reviews the most important future directions of ICT research and development in Lithuania. The article concludes that in spite of numerous ICT studies worldwide the national research and experiments have to be carried out in order to implement ICT in an appropriate for Lithuania and efficient way.

Highlights High rates of streambank erosion are detrimental to the stability and function of streams. This collection brings together six studies that represent key advances in streambank erosion research. Current research directions on streambank erosion, erodibility characterization, and sediment loading are presented. Future research directions and challenges related to high-frequency data collection and modeling are discussed. Abstract. Streams are in dynamic equilibrium with their environments, and as that environment is altered by human development and changing climate, streambank erosion is a common, but little understood, result. This article highlights the contributions of the special collection “Streambank Erosion, Sediment Dynamics, and Restoration (SER),” which assembled six studies that represent key advances in streambank erosion research, highlight current research in the field, and identify directions for future research. The studies in this special collection were grouped into three central themes: (1) streambank erosion monitoring, (2) streambank erodibility characterization, and (3) streambank erosion loading. In this article, key findings within each of these central themes are summarized, emphasizing the significant contributions of each study. Likewise, perspectives on future research directions are discussed, outlining important challenges that remain to be addressed. Overall, the studies in this special collection are unified in their overarching goal of improving quantitative and predictive understanding of streambank erosion phenomena. Keywords: Keywords., Erodibility Parameters, Jet Erosion Test, Monitoring, Sediment, Soil Erosion, Stabilization Practices, Streambank, Stream Restoration.

Big data and innovative research methods are two rapidly evolving trends that are transforming how we conduct research in sport management. Considering the natural relationship between social media, which is widely recognized as a major big-data source, and sport, this commentary centers on contemporary research method applied to social media data. In doing so, it discusses contemporary innovative techniques for social media data, focusing on exploring ways to access social media data, the natural language-processing techniques used, the challenges they address, the strengths and limitations of different techniques, and the ethical and privacy considerations associated with their use. Furthermore, the commentary demonstrates that using sentiment-analysis tools (e.g., Syuzhet, Bing, and AFFIN) is appropriate and efficient in analyzing sport’s social media data. Thus, a rigorous application of contemporary innovative techniques can significantly shape the future of sport management research. However, researchers must exercise caution when considering the source and preprocessing of the data prior to applying advanced analytical techniques.

This case study provides a narrative of a student and lecturer partnership during a research project. The project emerged owing to a practice problem: student nurses did not value placements in nursing home environments. The research set out to explore undergraduate student nurses’ perceptions of nursing-home placements, using an innovative research method - visual research methods (the use of drawings and photo elicitation). A third-year undergraduate student was recruited to work in partnership with two university lecturers as a co-researcher. The paper outlines and reflects on the student’s journey as a novice researcher in designing, collecting and analysing data, then in formulating results and conclusions and, finally, in making a presentation at an international conference. Lecturer narratives will reflect on the personal journey of working with a student as a partner, subsequent learning and the evaluation of the project. The paper concludes with recommendations for future practice.

Characteristic Parameters of Chip Control in Turning Operations with Indexable Inserts and Three-Dimensionally Shaped Chip Formers

The authors have designed a system functional requirement (SFR) specification processor using a knowledge-based system approach in conjunction with other artificial intelligence techniques, this processor can be used for a variety of software systems. Domain-specific expert knowledge is defined for each software system application. The adopted specification language can easily be read by a variety of people such as customers, managers, requirement writers, software designers, and the test team. The processor, for a given software system application, not only checks for consistency, completeness, nonredundancy, and nonambiguity, but also uses domain-specific expert knowledge to verify that the SFR specification document is correct from the domain expert's point of view. To illustrate the proposed approach, the authors give an example of a component of a telephone switching system and the processor system methodology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

This comprehensive, state-of-the-art textbook and reference volume in family gerontology reviews and critiques the recent theoretical, empirical, and methodological literature; identifies future research directions; and makes recommendations for gerontology professionals. This book is both an updated version of and a complement to the original Handbook of Families and Aging. The many additions include the most recent demographic changes on aging families, new theoretical formulations, innovative research methods, recent legal issues, and death and bereavement, as well as new material on the relationships themselves—sibling, partnered, and intergenerational relationships, for example. Among the brand-new topics in this edition are step-family relationships, aging families and immigration, aging families and 21st-century technology, and peripheral family ties. Unlike the more cursory summaries found in textbooks, the essays within Handbook of Families and Aging, Second Edition provide thoughtful, in-depth coverage of each topic. No other book provides such a comprehensive and timely overview of theory and research on family relationships, the contexts of family life, and major turning points in late-life families. Nevertheless, the contents are written to be engaging and accessible to a broad audience, including advanced undergraduate students, graduate students, researchers, and gerontology practitioners. Serious lay readers will also find this book highly informative about contemporary family issues.

A knowledge-based system approach is applied to the design of a document retrieval system for online retrieval of bibliographic material. The main components of the system are a language interface that understands user queries in pseudo natural language (i.e. queries that are restricted to subject domain concepts), a retrieval component that combines the expertise of subject-domain and retrieval experts, a help system that aids users in formulating and reformulating queries, and a user model builder that infers specific user characteristics. A comprehensive mathematical model based on fuzzy sets and fuzzy relations has been defined for the thesaurus and the retrieval mechanism and a prototypical system has been implemented in a modular fashion to test system response to changes in model parameters.