Redefining love: Female university students developing resilience to intimate partner violence

Based on the Indonesian national health survey in 2018, the prevalence of anemia in young women aged 15-34 was 48.9%. This study aimed to examine the influence of knowledge and attitude on anemia prevention practice and to identify reasons for not practicing anemia prevention among female high school students in Banjarmasin municipality, Indonesia. A mixed method sequential explanatory was applied for this study. The respondents are 350 female high school students from three senior high schools, chosen purposively for a cross-sectional study and followed by focus group discussion with 15 students and in-depth interviews with three teachers and four health workers. The results revealed that 254 (72.6%) female students had poor practice, 147 (42.0%) had poor attitude, and 169 (48.3 %) had poor knowledge related to iron deficiency anemia (IDA) prevention. Female students in the older age group (17-18 years old) (adjusted odds ratio/AOR 1.88, 95% CI 1.12, 3.16), studying at vocational school (AOR 1.85, 95% CI 1.05, 3.27), good knowledge (AOR 2.52, 95% CI 1.49, 4.26) were significant predictors on iron deficiency anemia (IDA) prevention. The qualitative findings found that the reasons for not practicing anemia prevention include poor knowledge about anemia practice prevention, dislike of iron tablets, and ineffective anemia education program due to poor coordination and communication between health workers and teachers. Effective anemia education programs at schools are needed to enhance students' knowledge related to anemia prevention.

The study aimed at exploring and understanding undergraduate female students’ experiences of sexual harassment by male peers on and around university campuses. The hegemonic masculinity perspective and the socio-cultural model combined to inform the study. The population of the study consisted of a purposive sample of 20 female undergraduate students in two state universities. Qualitative in-depth interviews were done to obtain understanding of how peer sexual harassment was experienced by undergraduate female students. Data was collected through one-on-one audio recorded semi-structured interviews. Analysis of data was conducted using a narrative approach. Peer sexual harassment, perpetrated by male students, was a reality in the lives of female undergraduate students. Female students were raped. Sexual intercourse was taking place in the presence of female roommates. Videotaping of sexual encounters occurred without the knowledge of female partners. Sexual harassment of female students took place after female students had taken spiked drinks and drugged biscuits during welcome bashes. Unwanted, unwelcome and inappropriate touching of buttocks, breasts, thighs and in between the legs was experienced by female students. Unwanted kissing of female students was taking place. Verbal remarks of a sexual nature were directed at female students. The need for universities to invest their efforts in addressing the problem of peer sexual harassment cannot be over emphasized. Despite the fact that sexual harassment of female undergraduate students was taking place at the two state universities, victims seldom reported. Undergraduate female students need to be empowered to become more aware of the nature and extent of sexual harassment. A decrease in peer sexual harassment incidences is realizable if universities improve aspects of their climate and culture. The need for counselling to mitigate the negative impact of peer sexual harassment cannot be over emphasized.

This study aims to find out how male and female students perceive the characteristics of good and effective English teachers in Bali. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method developed by Miles and Huberman (1994). The sample comprises 70 female students and 77 male students. The data were collected through questionnaires and focus group discussions (FGD). The findings from the questionnaire show that both male and female students consider that a teacher who is a good friend for students is the most important characteristic of a good English teacher, and one who prepares lessons well and controls class time wisely as the most important characteristic of an effective English teacher. However, based on the data for good English teachers from the open-ended questionnaire and FGD, it seems male students are more realistic in giving their perceptions and tend to like learning that involves active discussions in class, while female students are more likely to like learning that requires them to only listen to teacher explanations in class. Both male and female students perceive an effective English teacher in the same way; they prefer teachers who can prepare lessons well, control class time wisely, and use interesting learning media such as pictures and videos to teach because it can maintain students motivation to learn English.

Differences in stress levels between junior high school students and college students during online learning

Objective: In South Africa, Black African women between the ages of 15 and 24 years are especially vulnerable to HIV. The heterosexual transmission of the disease is exacerbated by social and cultural conditions that perpetuate gender relations of inequality. Problematic conceptualisations of femininity increase sexual risk. The objective of this article is to examine the ways in which undergraduate university Black African female students make meaning of gender and sexuality on campus and the social processes through which femininities are produced. Design: Qualitative research study. Setting: University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Method: In total, 10 in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 25 Black African undergraduate female students aged between 18 and 24 years old. Results: Campus life was conceived as a place of heterosexual freedom, sexual enjoyment and engagement with dating relationships. Relationships were forged based on romantic notions of love and versions of femininity based on trust lead to sexual risk and unwanted pregnancy. In the context of material inequalities, ‘sugar daddy’ relationships further limited female students’ ability to negotiate safe sex. The overall climate on campus was structured along gender power inequalities. Female students feared and were victims of verbal, physical assault and sexual coercion. The lack of campus security exacerbated female students’ vulnerability to violence on campus. Conclusion: Addressing the specific meanings expressed by Black African female students on campus can help to improve the effectiveness of campus-based health education interventions promoting safe sex, gender equality and student safety.

<p>This research investigates how young Somali women are navigating through the resettlement process while negotiating their own identities in Wellington, New Zealand. It is important as it addresses two main research gaps: 1) it focuses on research with young Somali women at university and 2) it offers a strength-based analysis. The research also addresses important development concerns about how former refugees can better contribute into their host societies. Employing the use of participatory methods within a feminist qualitative methodology, I created a project that enabled the young women to voice their opinions regarding identity construction, cultural maintenance and their goals for the future. I conducted approximately 150 hours of ethnographic research at organisations that catered to former refugee needs. I found a young female Somali student who worked as my Cultural Advisor and enhanced my credibility and access within the Somali community. I then conducted a focus group and five individual interviews with young Somali women to hear their narratives about their resettlement experience and their advice on how to improve the process for others. I conducted five interviews with key informants at organisations that provide support services for former refugees. The key informants gave the policy perspective on refugee resettlement as well as advice on how support services and the government can approve the transition for former refugees. The results of this study revealed that the young women did feel tension at times negotiating their Somali culture and that of their host society but found benefits in both. The importance of the family resettling successfully was vital for the young women especially the wellbeing of their mothers and other female elders. The key informants echoed these sentiments and voiced the necessity for more women-focused support services. The young women also will be facing a second resettlement process through their emigration to Australia as they search for more job opportunities and a better Somali cultural connection.</p>

This study aims to determine the mathematical creative thinking abilities Level in the high mathematical creative thinking disposition category for each gender difference. This research is qualitative research using a qualitative descriptive method conducted at SMK Pertiwi Kuningan. This study describes mathematical creative thinking abilities of mathematics learning by collecting descriptive data obtained from the classification dispositions of mathematical creative thinking categories, creative thinking abilities test questions, and valid and reliable interviews. The research subjects chosen were four students from 57 students. The research subjects were two male students and two female students who had creative abilities, and the highest test scores were in the high mathematical creative thinking disposition category. Data analysis was performed with the stages of data collection, reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that male and female students in the high mathematical creative thinking disposition category have creative abilities that fulfill the aspects of flexibility, fluency, and elaboration. Flexibility and fluency aspects have an average score with very good criteria. Then, there are differences in the elaboration aspect, where the average score of female and male students are 3.9 and 3.4, respectively. It shows that the difference is not significant, namely 0.5, which indicates that female students are better at the elaboration aspect. Even so, male students also fulfill the elaboration aspect, wherein the very good criteria both. However, male and female students did not satisfy the originality aspect. The creative ability can be reached by having a high mathematical creative thinking disposition. Therefore, the teacher must be able to instill a high mathematical creative thinking disposition in mathematics learning. The high mathematical creative thinking disposition makes students flexible, fluent, and thorough in solving mathematical problems.

Medicaid Expansion and Contraceptive Use Among Female High-School Students

Introduction: A growing body of evidence shows that sexual coercion is widespread among young women. Behavioral, lifestyle, and relationship factors have all been identified as risk factors that increase a women’s vulnerability to sexual coercion victimization. However, it remains unclear which risk factors most strongly increase young women’s vulnerability to sexual coercion victimization. Objective: This study aimed to assess level and factors associated with sexual coercion among female students of Ambo University in Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in January 2012 among 597 second year and above female students. Data were collected using the World Health Organization multi-country study self-administered questionnaire. Data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version16.0 Statistical Software. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify associated factors with sexual coercion. Results: More than one fourth of those who responded had previous sexual intercourse. The result showed that 76.4% and 43.7% have reported to have at least one incidents of sexual coercion in their lifetime and past 12 months, respectively. Rural origin of residence (AOR= 0.65, 95% CI: 0.08-0.89), having literate father (AOR=0.17, 95% CI: 0.05-0.6) were at decreased likelihood to experience lifetime sexual coercion. Yet, alcoholic consumption (AOR=1.53, 95% CI: 1.63-6.50), current parental living condition (AOR= 6.53, 95% CI: 1.38, 30.80), childhood witnesses of maternal coercion (AOR=5.77, 95% CI: 2.96-11.23) and as well as with having had more than one sexual partners (AOR=4.32, 95% CI: 1.10-16.23) were factors associated with an increased likelihood of lifetime sexual coercion. Conclusions: In their lifetime, more than three out of four female students experienced at least one forms of sexual coercion. At last, it is concluded that this problem needs due attention by policy makers, university and other partners to make coercion free educational environment for female university students.

The main objective of this study was to examine the characteristic of female students’ tutorial class practice in Arba Minch University and the attitude female students have toward their tutorial class. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches of investigation were employed. Data for the study were collected from heads of 38 departments, 76 teachers, and 484 year 1 and year 3 undergraduate regular students in the university using interviews, focal group discussions and questionnaire containing attitude scale. Information obtained from heads of departments and teachers through interview about the characteristic of the existing tutorial provision in the university was analyzed using tables and percentage. Supplementary information obtained from students through focal group discussions about the characteristic of tutorial class provision are presented thematically and analyzed in text. Data collected about the attitude of female students toward their tutorial class using attitude scale was analyzed using percentage, One-Way ANOVA and t-test. Findings of this study indicate that female students’ tutorial class practice in the university was characterized as examination oriented focusing on preparing the students to get pass grade in courses. It was found that majority of sample female students (37.40%) have negative attitude toward their tutorial class in comparison to those who have positive attitude (23.14%), and the remaining 39.46% have neutral attitude. Significant differences observed among students in their attitude toward tutorial class in respect to their field of study, year of study, and academic achievement. Greater proportion of year 1 students in comparison to year 3 students and low academic achievers in comparison to high academic achievers have more positive attitude toward tutorial class. That is, greater proportions of year 3 students and high academic achievers have more negative attitude in comparison to year 1 and low achievers, respectively. In order to improve the existing characteristic of tutorial practice and the attitude of female students toward their tutorial class, it was recommended that the School of Pedagogical and Behavioral Sciences in the university in its short term instructional skills training program for teachers should give due attention to include the issue of female tutorial provision in the university. Further research needs to be conducted by including teachers’/tutors’ professional background variable influence on the characteristic of female students’ tutorial implementation. Article visualizations:

BackgroundDespite calls to increase contraceptive use among adolescents and youth, large gaps still exist, creating an unmet need for family planning. Past research has focused on barriers to seeking a method. There is less understanding of the types of methods young women want and who and what influences these decisions. This study examines what method characteristics young Nigerian women prioritize when choosing a method to inform future family planning programming.MethodsIn 2018, eight focus group discussions (FGD) were conducted in the Nigerian cities of Ilorin and Jos with 83 young women ages 15–24. Participants were identified by community contacts and separated into groups by religion and marital status. The discussion guide utilized a vignette structure to understand the participants’ perceptions on contraceptive behavior and attitudes and misconceptions surrounding different types of methods. The FGDs were undertaken and analyzed by collaborative teams from the University of Ibadan and the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill. A thematic analysis of the transcripts was performed using Atlas.ti, including two rounds of coding, and multiple reviews by the research team.ResultsThe method characteristics associated with young women’s contraceptive decisions include: side effects, reliability, length of coverage, privacy, cost, and accessibility. Side effects, reliability, and privacy were described as negatively linked to short-acting methods whereas easy accessibility and low cost were positive characteristics of these methods. Long-acting methods were generally viewed as positive. Participants’ focus on side effects commonly resulted from concerns about the impact on future fertility. The characteristics prioritized by individuals change throughout their adolescence and as their marital status changes. Providers, peers, parents, and partners were all found to have an influence over method choice in different ways. The role of these influencers also changes over the adolescent years.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that programs should prioritize expanding method choice to increase the number of available options to ensure all young women can access a method that fits their desired method characteristics. Programming should ensure that medically accurate information is widely distributed to harness providers, peers, parents and partners as a resource for information about specific methods.

Clinical practices are key environments for skill acquisition during the education of nursing students, where it is important to encourage reflective learning. This study sought to explore the experience of final year nursing students during their clinical placement in emergency and intensive care units and to identify whether differences exist between female and male students. Using qualitative methodology, a documentary analysis of 28 reflective learning journals was carried out at a public university in Northern Spain. Four themes were identified: “an intense emotional experience”, “the importance of attitudes over and above techniques”, “identifying with nurses who dominate their environment and are close to the patient in complex and dehumanized units” and “how to improve care in critically ill patients and how to support their families”. The female students displayed a more emotional and reflective experience, with a strong focus on patient care, whereas male students identified more with individual aspects of learning and the organization and quality of the units. Both male and female students experienced intense emotions, improved their learning in complex environments and acquired attitudes linked to the humanization of care. However, the experience of these clinical rotations was different between female and male students.

This research aims to provide insight into engineering education and how to structure academic course work and projects to demonstrate how engineers benefit society. By establishing the connection between industry and society, female students may be more interested in pursuing both Engineering education and a career in the field following graduation. As it is not part of the typical curriculum to structure coursework this way, many students fail to make this connection. Through the introduction of a community-based learning course project, first-year students were required to teach mechanics concepts to Grade 7 and 8 students. They were then asked to reflect on their experiences with the project using reflection reports and focus group discussions. The results largely illustrate an increased interest from students in the field of Engineering, especially among female first-year students.

Campus sexual violence risk reduction and resistance interventions have been developed and tested among female students in the global North and proven effective. Evidence-based interventions to prevent sexual violence tested amongst female students in the global South and in South African campuses are lacking. We present preliminary evidence of promise of Ntombi Vimbela! (NV!), a sexual violence prevention intervention piloted amongst first year female students in eight purposively selected campuses in South Africa. Focus group discussions were conducted with 118 female students who participated in NV! workshops. Most students found the content of NV! relevant and reported having experienced its positive effects. They perceived that NV! empowered them with skills to assess and deal with sexual assault risky situations. NV! changed their attitudes and beliefs about gender, shifted their acceptance of rape myths and beliefs, improved communication skills, enhanced self-esteem, and confidence to defend oneself in risky sexual assault situations. Few participants were unsure whether they will be able to use the skill in real life. These findings indicate a range of short-term positive outcomes which we anticipate would reduce the risk of sexual assault among first year female students. This suggests that NV! should be subject to further evaluation.

Objective: This study was performed to determine feelings, thoughts and perceptions of the bachelor nursing students, who had a basic information regarding infertility, about infertility and the factors affecting their perceptions. Material and Methods: This was a descriptive study using qualitative methods. The data of the study were collected during two phases. A structured questionnaire was used during the first phase; and focus group discussions were used in the second phase. Content analysis was performed to analyze study data. The study was performed in the Nursing Department of Health School in Duzce University which is located in Western Blacksea Region in Turkey. Out of 42 students who were studying in the 3rd year of bachelor program of Nursing Department in Health School, 38 students who were volunteers were selected as the study group. Results: In this study aiming to determine infertility perceptions of nursing students in Turkey, it was found that students were giving meanings to conceiving a child such as the purpose/meaning of life and continuation of generation; and expressed that especially female students may experience intensive emotional problems when they learn that they can not have a child. It was observed that students may cope with such a situation by staying unmarried/divorcing, preferring to escape, adopting a child, focusing on the religion or looking for some other activities; and female students have approached to adopting a child more negatively than the male students. The students have stated that their culture had a negative sense for infertility, and their meanings for infertility and their emotional/behavioral responses were directly associated with the culture that they were living in. Conclusion: It was recommended to carry out more intensive research for the determination of emotions, thoughts and perceptions of the young people regarding infertility, activities aiming to increase their awareness about this topic (such as research, education, written and visual media, etc) and studies for strengthening positive effects of the culture by altering its negative effects on thoughts and perceptions regarding infertility in our country.