Registration procedures in smartphone-based first responder alerting systems in Germany : Anationwide secondary data analysis with alocal implementation example

Pediatric emergency care (PEC) training for health care workers (HCWs) is commonly offered in the form of short courses. This study gathers the perspectives of HCWs from eight African countries on how to best deliver and implement short training courses in PEC. This is a qualitative study using semi-structured key informant (KI) interviews. Utilizing the African Federation for Emergency Medicine (AFEM) member list serve, we identified African HCWs who had previous experience participating in and/or delivering short training courses in PEC. From this cohort, four interviewers were selected. These interviewers all received training in qualitative interviewing and then each recruited five KIs in their respective settings using convenience sampling. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, translated as necessary, and coded using thematic analysis. A total of 20 interviews were completed. Most KIs (75%) were physicians. Several themes on short training courses in PEC emerged: there was strong motivation to participate in PEC trainings, interactive sessions were preferred over didactic sessions, the recommended course structure was a half-day format with longitudinal follow-up, and the ideal for course instructors was a mix of local trainers and visiting trainers. KIs reported several potential negative consequences of short training courses in PEC, including clinical staffing gaps during courses and PEC content taught that was incongruous with local protocols. Future curricular development and implementation of short training courses in PEC should incorporate the preferences and best practices identified by African HCWs, namely interactive sessions with longitudinal follow-up given by a mix of local and visiting trainers. Our study limitations include the number of participants and potential for selection bias.

Introduction:Since the invention of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, there have been tremendous developments in minimal access surgery and an increasing need for well-structured laparoscopic training courses. There is a need to analyse the real benefit of short training courses. The study was conducted to find whether a focused 3-day structured laparoscopy training course conducted by the Indian Association of Gastrointestinal Endo Surgeons (IAGES) could improve the cognitive and technical skills of surgeons in essential laparoscopic surgery.Materials and Methods:The Indian Association of Gastrointestinal Endo Surgeons conducted this prospective study during 2023–2024. Five hundred and fifty one candidates under the examination category in 14 consecutive courses were considered as the study groups to compare their pre- and post-test multiple-choice question (MCQ) scores to find the improvement in their knowledge base. A survey of candidates using Google Forms was also done at 6 months to find out the impact of the course. The following outcome measures were analysed:Improvement in the mean score in post-test MCQ when compared to pre-test MCQWe compared the pre- and post-test scores after categorising the candidates into three grades according to the marks scored by them.Grade A: Above 75% marksGrade B: 50%–75% marksGrade C: <50% marks.Quality of laparoscopy training modules including hands-on suture training module and live demonstration of laparoscopic proceduresThe volume of laparoscopic procedures done before and after the course.Statistical Analysis Used:The paired t-test.Results:There were 551 examination category candidates for FIAGES during this study period with pre- and post-test scores (grades) available for evaluation. Four hundred and fourteen candidates submitted the 15-question Google Forms which were also taken for further analysis of the impact of the training course. After the FIAGES course, it was evident that most of the participants obtained Grade A in the post-test as compared to the pre-test (5.4% vs. 41.4%), and only very few participants obtained Grade C (0.9%). It was also evident that the candidates started performing more basic laparoscopic cases after the FIAGES score (P < 0.001).Conclusions:The FIAGES course has established itself as a famous well-structured laparoscopic training course. It improved the knowledge base of the registrants and also helped with their career progress. Efforts are on the way to make FIAGES with a more elaborate course curriculum to enable accreditation by statutory bodies.

Non-Invasive Central Venous Pressure Measurement by Compression Ultrasound—A Step Into Real Life

BackgroundDelirium, a common problem among hospitalized elderly patients, is not usually diagnosed by doctors for various reasons. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a short training course on the identification of delirium and the diagnostic rate of delirium among hospitalized patients aged ≥65 years. The secondary aim was to identify the risk factors for delirium.MethodsA prospective study was conducted in an acute-care hospital in Moscow, Russia. Six doctors underwent a short training course on delirium. Data collected included assessment by the confusion assessment method for the intensive care units, sociodemographic data, functional state before hospitalization, comorbidity, and hospitalization indices (indication for hospitalization, stay in intensive care unit, results of laboratory tests, length of hospitalization, and in-hospital mortality).ResultsDelirium was diagnosed in 13 of 181 patients (7.2%) who underwent assessment. Cognitive impairment was diagnosed more among patients with delirium (30.0% vs 6.1%, P=0.029); Charlson comorbidity index was higher (3.6±2.4 vs 2.3±1.8, P=0.013); and Barthel index was lower (43.5±34.5 vs 94.1±17.0, P=0.000). The length of hospitalization was longer for patients with delirium at 13.9±7.3 vs 8.8±4.6 days (P=0.0001), and two of the 13 patients with delirium died during hospitalization compared with none of the 168 patients without delirium (P=0.0001).ConclusionAlthough the rate of delirium was relatively low compared with studies from the West, this study proves that an educational intervention among doctors can bring about a significant change in the diagnosis of the condition.

BackgroundOne of the most common causes of death worldwide is cardiopulmonary arrest. Firefighters are among the first responders at the scenes of accidents and can, therefore, play a key part in performing basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for victims who need it. The present study was conducted to compare the effects of simulation training against workshops on the CPR knowledge and skills of firefighters in the south of Iran.MethodsThis experimental (Interventional) study was conducted on 60 firefighters of south of Fars province, Iran. The study was undertaken from March to July 2023. Through random allocation, the participants were divided into two groups: simulation-based training (30 members) and traditional workshop training (30 members). The participants’ CPR knowledge and practical skills were measured before, immediately after, and three months after intervention.ResultsThe findings of the study revealed a statistically significant difference between the pretest and posttest CPR knowledge and skill mean scores of the simulation groups as compared to the workshop group (p < 0.001). As measured three months after the intervention, the firefighters’ knowledge and skill mean scores were still significantly different from their pretest mean scores (p < 0.001); however, they had declined, which can be attributed to the fact that the study population did not frequently exercise CPR.ConclusionBased on the findings of the study, even though both methods of education were effective on enhancing the firefighters’ CPR knowledge and skill, simulation training had a far greater impact than training in workshops. In view of the decline in the participants’ knowledge and skill scores over time, it is recommended that short simulation training courses on CPR should be repeated on a regular basis.

BackgroundThe Ministry of Health and Medical Education in the Islamic Republic of Iran has undertaken a reform of its health system, in which-lower level managers are given new roles and responsibilities in a decentralized system. To support these efforts, a United Kingdom-based university was contracted by the World Health Organization to design a series of courses for health managers and trainers. This process was also intended to develop the capacity of the National Public Health Management Centre in Tabriz, Iran, to enable it to organize relevant short courses in health management on a continuing basis. A total of seven short training courses were implemented, three in the United Kingdom and four in Tabriz, with 35 participants. A detailed evaluation of the courses was undertaken to guide future development of the training programmes.MethodsThe Kirkpatrick framework for evaluation of training was used to measure participants' reactions, learning, application to the job, and to a lesser extent, organizational impact. Particular emphasis was put on application of learning to the participants' job. A structured questionnaire was administered to 23 participants, out of 35, between one and 13 months after they had attended the courses. Respondents, like the training course participants, were predominantly from provincial universities, with both health system and academic responsibilities. Interviews with key informants and ex-trainees provided supplemental information, especially on organizational impact.ResultsParticipants' preferred interactive methods for learning about health planning and management. They found the course content to be relevant, but with an overemphasis on theory compared to practical, locally-specific information. In terms of application of learning to their jobs, participants found specific information and skills to be most useful, such as health systems research and group work/problem solving. The least useful areas were those that dealt with training and leadership. Participants reported little difficulty in applying learning deemed "useful", and had applied it often. In general, a learning area was used less when it was found difficult to apply, with a few exceptions, such as problem-solving. Four fifths of respondents claimed they could perform their jobs better because of new skills and more in-depth understanding of health systems, and one third had been asked to train their colleagues, indicating a potential for impact on their organization. Interviews with key informants indicated that job performance of trainees had improved.ConclusionThe health management training programmes in Iran, and the external university involved in capacity building, benefited from following basic principles of good training practice, which incorporated needs assessment, selection of participants and definition of appropriate learning outcomes, course content and methods, along with focused evaluation. Contracts for external assistance should include specific mention of capacity building, and allow for the collaborative development of courses and of evaluation plans, in order to build capacity of local partners throughout the training cycle. This would also help to develop training content that uses material from local health management situations to demonstrate key theories and develop locally required skills. Training evaluations should as a minimum assess participants' reactions and learning for every course. Communication of evaluation results should be designed to ensure that data informs training activities, as well as the health and human resources managers who are investing in the development of their staff.

Understanding the factors that affect labor satisfaction in the home country and their satisfaction in a host nation is very important. Therefore, this study investigates the job satisfaction of Vietnamese workers who frequently travel to China for employment. It utilizes Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to explore the impact of external factors, particularly the support provided by their home countries. The survey collected data from 317 respondents randomly selected from lists provided by local authorities in three provinces adjacent to China, using a combination of face-to-face interviews and Internet calls. The respondents are individuals who regularly go to China for work. The study uses four main latent variables, consisting of a total of 17 measures that encompass both endogenous and exogenous factors associated with support from the home country. The findings indicate a significant influence of post-return quality of life and the acquisition of work-related skills through training programs on job satisfaction. Additionally, the regression coefficient value reveals a statistically significant negative correlation between job satisfaction and skills acquired through short training courses. However, no statistically significant relationship is found between the latent variable of media and employees’ job satisfaction. Based on the findings, this study suggests that policymakers and authorities should always assist migrants in reintegrating into their communities by supporting convenient registration procedures, providing relevant information, and giving necessary livelihood guidance. AcknowledgmentsThis article is an output of a research project titled: Cross-border labor at the Vietnam-China border area: problems, effects, and solutions, funded by Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences.

Évaluation de la mise en place d'une formation continue du personnel de l'hôpital Bichat à la prise en charge des arrêts cardiocirculatoires intrahospitaliers

การพั ฒนารู ปแบบการบริ หารหลั กสู ตรระยะสั ้ น โดยใช้ โมดู

ProblemPeople living with a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have a high risk of tuberculosis and should undergo regular screening. However, they can be difficult to reach because they are stigmatized and discriminated against.ApproachIn Nepal, the nongovernmental organization Naya Goreto implemented a peer-led tuberculosis screening project in which people living with HIV volunteered to contact others in this high-risk population. Volunteers took part in a short training course, after which they attempted to contact people living with HIV through existing networks and self-help groups. Tuberculosis screening and testing were carried out in accordance with national guidelines.Local settingIn Nepal, the prevalence of HIV infection is 0.3% in the general population but is much higher, at 6%, in people in Kathmandu who inject drugs. To date, the health system has not been able to implement systematic tuberculosis screening in people living with HIV.Relevant changesBetween May 2014 and mid-September 2015, 30 volunteers screened 6642 people in 10 districts, 5430 (82%) of whom were living with HIV. Of the 6642, 6046 (91%) were tested for tuberculosis and 287 (4.3%) were diagnosed with the disease, 240 of whom were HIV-positive. Of those with tuberculosis, 270 (94%) initiated treatment.Lessons learntUsing peers to contact people living with HIV for tuberculosis screening resulted in a high participation rate and the identification of a considerable number of HIV-positive tuberculosis patients. Follow-up during treatment was difficult in this highly mobile group and needs more attention in future interventions.

Practice nurses presently have little contact with people who have serious mental illness (SMI) but are skilled in providing care for individuals with long‐term physical conditions. Patients with SMI have poorer physical health and die younger than the general population, and may not be in touch with secondary care services. Training practice nurses in SMI increases screening opportunities and could provide patients with a named contact in primary care. The aim of the project described here was to provide practice nurses with effective training about SMI. Following a short training course, nurses’ perceived knowledge and skills relating to physical health in SMI improved.

While traffic signals, signs, and road markings provide explicit guidelines for those operating in and around the roadways, some decisions, such as determinations of “who will go first,” are made by implicit negotiations between road users. In such situations, pedestrians are today often dependent on cues in drivers’ behavior such as eye contact, postures, and gestures. With the introduction of more automated functions and the transfer of control from the driver to the vehicle, pedestrians cannot rely on such non-verbal cues anymore. To study how the interaction between pedestrians and automated vehicles (AVs) might look like in the future, and how this might be affected if AVs were to communicate their intent to pedestrians, we designed an external vehicle interface called automated vehicle interaction principle (AVIP) that communicates vehicles’ mode and intent to pedestrians. The interaction was explored in two experiments using a Wizard of Oz approach to simulate automated driving. The first experiment was carried out at a zebra crossing and involved nine pedestrians. While it focused mainly on assessing the usability of the interface, it also revealed initial indications related to pedestrians’ emotions and perceived safety when encountering an AV with/without the interface. The second experiment was carried out in a parking lot and involved 24 pedestrians, which enabled a more detailed assessment of pedestrians’ perceived safety when encountering an AV, both with and without the interface. For comparison purposes, these pedestrians also encountered a conventional vehicle. After a short training course, the interface was deemed easy for the pedestrians to interpret. The pedestrians stated that they felt significantly less safe when they encountered the AV without the interface, compared to the conventional vehicle and the AV with the interface. This suggests that the interface could contribute to a positive experience and improved perceived safety in pedestrian encounters with AVs – something that might be important for general acceptance of AVs. As such, this topic should be further investigated in future studies involving a larger sample and more dynamic conditions.

The aim was to determine the scope and quality of published health services research concerned with medical practice in the United Kingdom. Scope of health services research was reviewed in articles published in 41 medical and public health journals in 1985. In random sample of 60 papers stratified by study design, 18 key research parameters were assessed for the quality of reporting and application in the studies. Over 80% of the research described in 246 articles was carried out by clinicians, mostly without acknowledged epidemiological or statistical assistance. More than half the studies were descriptive and only 17% were trials. In studies of hospital services, 4% covered long term care, in contrast to 67% concerned with inpatient care. One third of studies were conducted in general practice but only 10% of these included an assessment of clinical outcome. Important research parameters were often not reported; for example, response rates were missing in 52% of the studies, and comparability of cases and controls was not stated in 42% of relevant studies. Major inadequacies were found in the conduct of research, particularly in the selection of controls, allowance for confounding factors, objectivity of measurements, application of statistical tests, and conclusions reached. Published health services research concerned with medical practice in the United Kingdom is often conducted by clinicians without expert assistance. The quality of reporting and methods employed are deficient in many respects. Short training courses and other initiatives are required to enhance the quality of health services research in medical practice.

A focus on Takasi Tokioka (1913-2001) and short training courses in marine biology : The importance of the taxonomy for education and research at the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory(PROCEEDINGS, JSSZ SYMPOSIUM, 2013)

Background: Prescription writing is a skill that almost every doctor will use several times a day. But are medical students effectively taught how to write a complete and accurate prescription? Most commonly the answer is no. There is increasing need for the rational of medicines and the clearly appropriate prescribing is a key to achieve this. Objectives: To find out whether a short training course of problem teaching, improves the competence of rational prescribing among medical students. Methods: All 6 th year medical students (Batch 13), Omdurman Islamic university were randomly separated into intervention and control group. Students of intervention group were taught to choose P how to apply this choice to specific patient problem, using the WHO Results: The competence of intervention group is significantly better than the control group p =0.011. The mean results of post test for intervention group was [3.4 ± 4.5] and fo Conclusion: Teaching medical students all basic knowledge about drugs does not guarantee rational prescribing. Additional short course of problem-based pharmacotherapy could be effective in improving prescribing skills Sudanese medical students. Background Prescribing of drugs in current practice is often inappropriate and irrational. There is a great need to ensure that drugs are prescribed and used rationally 1 . Irrational drug prescribing includes practices such as polypharmacy, wrong medication for the diagnosis, use of expensive drugs when less expensive alternatives are available, use of wrong dose (both over and under-dose), and prescribing when medications are not necessary 2 . The rationality of the scripts prescribed by physician is of critical i since bad prescribing habits lead to ineffective and unsafe treatment, causing exacerbation or prolongation of disease and distress or harm to the patient, which add extra burden to the health budgets 3 .