Reimplementing a multiprocess distributed paradigm for real-time systems in Ada 95

In order to investigate and exploit advanced flight management system with complete functions, provide applicable and reliable performance data for optimal trajectory search, data structure requirements of performance database of flight management system are presented, including the structure of aerodynamic data ,engine performance data and operation data. The whole authentic performance data is acquired by integrating the performance data of flight simulator in the second phase of 985 projects and the flight manual. Based on the former performance data, combining the thrust method, particle swarm optimization algorithm and the energy-state method, the performance data is transferred into equal energy-height curves which can be more applicable for optimal trajectory search. Based on the processed performance data, the performance model is built on the basis of Microsoft Visual C++ and MATLAB/SIMULINK. The running results of the flight management system program indicate the method used to exploit performance database of flight simulator prototype system is effective and feasible.

: This report documents the physiological results of an experiment that was conducted to determine the effects of pyridostigmine bromide (PB) (30 milligrams, three times per day) on pilot performance and physiology. Both sets of data were collected in an A-10 flight simulator with an Advanced Visual Technology System (AVTS). The subjects were 24 A-10 pilots who were trained on the following simulated tasks over three 55-minute sessions: takeoff, patterns, emergency procedure, and landing; air-to-air refueling; conventional low-angle strafing; and low-level ingress/RED FLAG. Next, during two test sessions, 48 hours apart, the pilots were tested using a double-blind procedure on the same tasks in a PB condition and in a placebo condition. In the two test sessions, 12 of the pilots wore the chemical defense ensemble (CDE) and the other 12 pilots wore standard flight gear (SFG). PB dosages led to reports of 27 symptoms among 12 (50%) of the pilots. Under the placebo condition, in contrast, only 5 (20%) of the pilots reported a total of 6 symptoms. Analyses of PB effects on physiological functions and on various biobehavioral measures showed suppression of heart rate and a tendency toward increased skin temperature. Besides increasing skin temperature, the CDE tended to increase heart rate, especially during the start of the session. Performance data will be discussed in a later report. Keywords: Chemical defense; Chemical defense gear; Chemical warfare; Combat simulation; Flight simulators; Pyridostigmine bromide; Preventive medicine; Antidotes.

A real-time operating system kernel, called the Spring kernel, that provides some of the basic support required for large, complex, next-generation real-time systems, especially in meeting timing constraints, is presented. The approach meets the need to build predictable yet flexible real-time systems. Most current real-time operating systems contain the same basic paradigms found in time-sharing operating systems and often use a basic priority-scheduling mechanism that provides no direct support for meeting timing constraints. Spring uses two criteria to classify tasks' interaction with and effects on the environment: importance and timing requirements. Implementation experience with Spring is described. >

ObjectivesThis study aimed to develop and evaluate a real-time sensor-based monitoring and feedback system for enhancing four core football performance metrics, passing accuracy, sprint speed, agility, and shot power, each defined and quantified using validated wearable sensors and baseline‐referenced improvement thresholds.MethodsA randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted over eight weeks with 30 university-level male football players (aged 21.70 ± 1.28 years) from Zhengzhou University. Participants were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 15), which trained using the real-time monitoring system, or a control group (n = 15), which followed traditional training methods. The wearable system integrated accelerometers, gyroscopes, and magnetometers to provide real-time, skill-specific feedback during drills. Performance data were collected weekly and analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA with effect sizes calculated via partial eta squared (η²p).ResultsThe results demonstrated statistically and practically significant improvements in the experimental group across all measured parameters. Notably, the effect sizes ranged from large to very large (η²p = .59 to.89), indicating that the improvements were not only statistically reliable but also substantial enough to have meaningful impact on the players’ performance. Passing accuracy increased by 10.21% (F(1,27) = 210.02, p < 0.001, η²p = .88), sprint speed improved by 17.33% (F(1,27) = 92.00, p < 0.001, η²p = .76), agility improved by 10.90% (F(1,27) = 41.75, p < 0.001, η²p = .59), and shot power increased by 10.75% (F(1,27) = 247.32, p < 0.001, η²p = .89). The control group showed negligible or negative changes in all performance metrics. Performance improvements in the experimental group were progressive and sustained across the 8-week training period, with weekly data showing steady gains in passing accuracy, sprint speed, agility, and shot power. No performance regressions or plateaus were observed during the intervention period.ConclusionBy delivering instantaneous, sensor-validated feedback on precisely defined performance metrics, the system accelerated improvements in both technical and physical skills. These findings support the integration of wearable sensor technology into football training to achieve data-driven, individualized skill development. Future work should explore AI-driven personalization and long-term retention of gains.

Quantization analysis and enhancement of a VLSI gradient-based motion estimation architecture

The primary application of hyperspectral imaging is to classify/quantify objects/materials in the scene based on their spectral signatures. The spectral features that are useful can sometimes fall outside the spectral range of a single hyperspectral imager which is usually limited by the spectral response range of the sensor material of the focal plane array within the imager. For these wide spectrum applications, some users are combining data from two (or more) hyperspectral imaging systems. Aside from the optical alignment, size and synchronization issues involved in such a setup, the process of pixel co-registration, i.e. geometrically transforming data from the 2 hyperspectral imaging systems to overlay one another is tedious and complex. Headwall Photonics has integrated two of their off-the-shelf highly optimized hyperspectral imagers (Vis-NIR and SWIR) in an optically co-boresighted configuration together with a high performance data processor to produce a compact system which is easy to use and outputs wide spectrum pixel co-registered hyperspectral data. The process of pixel co-registration in this system is computationally very cheap enabling real-time wide-spectrum hyperspectral imaging applications. This paper presents actual imaging and performance data from these systems showing excellent pixel co-registration, sensitivity and spectral resolution.

With the massive growth of the internet, a new paradigm of recommender systems (RS's) is introduced in various real time applications. In the research for better RS's, especially in the travel domain, the evolution of location-based social networks have helped RS's to understand the changing interests of users. In this article, the authors present a new travel RS employed on the mobile device to generate personalized travel planning comprising of multiple Point of Interests (POIs). The recommended personalized list of travel locations will be predicted by generating a heat map of already visited POIs and the highly relevant POIs will be selected for recommendation as destinations. To enhance the recommendation quality, this article exploits the temporal features for increased user visits. A personalized travel plan is recommended to the user based on the user selected POIs and the proposed travel RS is experimentally evaluated with the real-time large-scale dataset. The obtained results of the developed RS are found to be proficient by means of improved diversity and accuracy of generated recommendations.

Voting is an important operation in multichannel computation paradigm and realization of ultrareliable and real-time control systems that arbitrates among the results of N redundant variants. These systems include N-modular redundant (NMR) hardware systems and diversely designed software systems based on N-version programming (NVP). Depending on the characteristics of the application and the type of selected voter, the voting algorithms can be implemented for either hardware or software systems. In this paper, a novel voting algorithm is introduced for real-time fault-tolerant control systems, appropriate for applications in which N is large. Then, its behavior has been software implemented in different scenarios of error-injection on the system inputs. The results of analyzed evaluations through plots and statistical computations have demonstrated that this novel algorithm does not have the limitations of some popular voting algorithms such as median and weighted; moreover, it is able to significantly increase the reliability and availability of the system in the best case to 2489.7% and 626.74%, respectively, and in the worst case to 3.84% and 1.55%, respectively.

The introduction of a digital data link between air traffic control and the aircraft cockpit is likely to have an effect of crew situation awareness through the absence of 'party line' information. On the other hand, eliminating the pilots' exposure to background speech may have a positive effect on their workload since speech, by its very nature, has the potential of significantly disrupting other tasks. Whilst the first effect is comparatively well documented in the literature, potential positive effects of the absence of party line information have to date not been studied. This paper reports on an experiment, carried out in a fixed-base flight simulator in order to investigate the effects of the absence of background radiotelephony (R/T) on pilot workload. The experiment involved 24 approaches at a major European airport, which were carried out by four flight crews with and without background party line communication. To be able to assess the impact of the background speech for high levels of workload, all non-precision approaches were flown manually. The analysis was carried out along a number of axes: a variety of psycho-physiological indicators of pilot workload were measured and analyzed, such as heart rate and heart rate variability, eye blink rate, blood oxygen saturation, electro-dermal activity, and electro encephalography (EEG). Performance criteria included checklist completion times, missed ATC calls, and deviations from the approach path. Subjective workload ratings and pilot debriefings provided an additional source of information. The analysis was carried out for the different flight phases encountered during the extended approach, and the respective pilot roles (pilot flying, pilot non-flying). Results suggest that the absence of background speech does in fact have the potential to reduce pilot workload. This effect was observed from performance data and subjective data, and was stronger for the pilot non-flying than for the pilot flying.

Can a glass cockpit display help (or hinder) performance of novices in simulated flight training?

A Lift Dispatching System (LDS) is a typical real-time system that is highly complicated in design and implementation. This article presents the formal design, specification, and modeling of the LDS system using a denotational mathematics known as Real-Time Process Algebra (RTPA). The conceptual model of the LDS system is introduced as the initial requirements for the system. The architectural model of the LDS system is created using RTPA architectural modeling methodologies and refined by a set of Unified Data Models (UDMs). The static behaviors of the LDS system are specified and refined by a set of Unified Process Models (UPMs) for the lift dispatching and serving processes. The dynamic behaviors of the LDS system are specified and refined by process priority allocation and process deployment models. Based on the formal design models of the LDS system, code can be automatically generated using the RTPA Code Generator (RTPA-CG), or be seamlessly transferred into programs by programmers. The formal models of LDS may not only serve as a formal design paradigm of real-time software systems, but also a test bench of the expressive power and modeling capability of exiting formal methods in software engineering.

A simplified method to evaluate the energy performance of CO 2 heat pump units

Mental fatigue (MF) can impair pilots’ performance and reactions to unforeseen events and is therefore an important concept within aviation. The physiological measurement of MF, especially with EEG and, in recent years, fNIRS, has gained much attention. However, a systematic investigation and comparison of the measurements is seldomly done. We induced MF via time on task during a 90-min simulated flight task and collected concurrent EEG-fNIRS, performance and self-report data from 31 participants. While their subjective MF increased linearly, the participants were able to keep their performance stable over the course of the experiment. EEG data showed an early increase and levelling in parietal alpha power and a slower, but steady increase in frontal theta power. No consistent trend could be observed in the fNIRS data. Thus, more research on fNIRS is needed to understand its possibilities and limits for MF assessment, and a combination with EEG is advisable to compare and validate results. Until then, EEG remains the better choice for continuous MF assessment in cockpit applications because of its high sensitivity to a transition from alert to fatigued, even before performance is impaired.

Since the 1990s, mobile telecommunication networks have gradually become denser around the world. Nowadays, large parts of their backhaul network consist of commercial microwave links (CMLs). Since CML signals are attenuated by rainfall, the exploitation of records of this attenuation is an innovative and an inexpensive solution for precipitation monitoring purposes. Performance data from mobile operators’ networks are crucial for the implementation of this technology. Therefore, a real-time system for collecting and storing CML power levels from the mobile phone operator “Telecel Faso” in Burkina Faso has been implemented. This new acquisition system, which uses the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), can simultaneously record the transmitted and received power levels from all the CMLs to which it has access, with a time resolution of one minute. Installed at “Laboratoire des Matériaux et Environnement de l’Université Joseph KI-ZERBO (Burkina Faso)”, this acquisition system is dynamic and has gradually grown from eight, in 2019, to more than 1000 radio links of Telecel Faso’s network in 2021. The system covers the capital Ouagadougou and the main cities of Burkina Faso (Bobo Dioulasso, Ouahigouya, Koudougou, and Kaya) as well as the axes connecting Ouagadougou to these cities.

Event-driven architecture (EDA) has emerged as a transformative paradigm in modern software systems, revolutionizing how organizations handle real-time data processing and system scalability.This comprehensive article examines recent innovations in EDA that have significantly enhanced system performance and reliability Rincy Soman https://iaeme.