Reinforcement Learning for Autoscaling in Cloud Environments: A Case Study from Industry

The stability control of surrounding rock for large or super-large section chamber is a difficult technical problem in deep mining condition. Based on the in-site geological conditions of Longgu coal mine, this paper used the dynamic module of FLAC3D to study the response characteristics of deep super-large section chamber under dynamic and static combined loading condition. Results showed that under the static loading condition, the maximum vertical stress, deformation and failure range are large, where the stress concentration coefficient is 1.64. The maximum roof-to-floor and two-sides deformations are 54.6 mm and 53.1 mm, respectively. Then, under the dynamic and static combined loading condition: (1) The influence of dynamic load frequency on the two-sides is more obvious; (2) The dynamic load amplitude has the greatest influence on the stress concentration degree, and the plastic failure tends to develop to the deeper; (3) With the dynamic load source distance increase, the response of surrounding rock is gradually attenuated. On this basis, empirical equations for each dynamic load conditions were obtained by using regression analysis method, and all correlation coefficients are greater than 0.99. This research provided reference for the supporting design of deep super-large section chamber under same or similar conditions.

: Crack tip deformations and fracture parameters in functionally graded glass-filled epoxy beams are experimentally evaluated under static and dynamic loading conditions. Beams with unidirectional, monotonic elastic gradients and cracks along the gradient are examined. SEN samples with increasing or decreasing Young's modulus ahead of the crack tip are studied in symmetric four-point bending and one-point impact loading configurations. Optical method of Coherent Gradient Sensing (CGS) is used to measure crack tip deformations prior to crack initiation. For impact loading experiments, CGS is used in conjunction with high-speed photography for recording instantaneous deformation fields. Stress intensity factors (SIF) or SIF-histories in functionally graded materials (FGM) based on locally homogeneous material descriptions in the immediate crack tip vicinity are evaluated and compared with companion finite element simulations. The influence of elastic gradients in FGM samples with cracks on the compliant and stiff sides of the beam are quantified relative to their homogeneous counterparts and with each other. Under static loading conditions, the crack tip located on the compliant side of the beam is elastically shielded when compared to the situation when the crack is on the stiffer side of the same FGM beam. Under dynamic conditions, however, elastic gradients affect crack initiation differently. Crack initiation in an FGM with a crack on the stiff side of the beam and impact occurring on the compliant edge is delayed when compared to the opposite configuration. Independent finite element simulations of FGMs with idealized elastic gradients with identical crack tip elastic properties suggest that lower crack tip loading rate in the former is responsible for the differences.

Large-scale asymmetric pulverisation of fault zone: Insights from rock axial strain in static and dynamic loading conditions

AC Servomotors are widely used in the industries for the control of static and dynamic loads. Precise control of position, speed, and torque are the main issues with the AC Servomotor. AC Servomotors are highly demanded by the industries to have a precise response under dynamic load conditions. Many control techniques are commercially available for the control of AC Servomotor under static and dynamic load conditions. However, all of these control techniques have advantages and limitations. Many investigations are done on the control of AC Servomotor, but comprehensive surveys on the control of AC Servomotor were still limited. In this paper, most of such commercially available control techniques are investigated, discussed, and compared.

Behavior of 316L Stainless Steel Under Static and Dynamic Loading Conditions

Improving problematic soils using economical and appropriate methods is a major focus in geotechnical research. Recently, nanoparticles such as nanoclay have gained attention as a cost-effective and eco-friendly solution for enhancing soil quality. Nanoclay’s high specific surface area and ion exchange capacity make it economically viable, while its environmental friendliness comes from its derivation from bentonite minerals. This case study aims to improve a local sandy soil with low shear strength in an earthquake-prone region south of Qom City, Iran. The study uses nanoclay stabilization and compares its effectiveness on improving the local soil under both static and dynamic loading conditions, providing a novel approach. Thus, a series of direct shear and simple shear tests were performed to accomplish this specified task. After adding nanoclay to the soil, the sandy soil pores were filled with a cohesive mixture, increasing its agglomeration, which ultimately led to the following results. The results showed that incorporating nanoclay significantly increased the cohesion (c) value by an average of 12 times and raised the internal friction angle (Φ) by 15% compared to the untreated soil. Furthermore, the shear modulus (G) increased 1.4 times on average, while the damping ratio (D) decreased by 25% relative to the original soil. Overall, the use of montmorillonite nanoclay proved to be highly effective in enhancing the strength of non-cohesive sandy soils, especially under static loading. Additionally, the method of stabilizing soil with nanoclay was found to be economical for improving its strength in both static and dynamic conditions.

In situ deformation of growth plate chondrocytes in stress-controlled static vs dynamic compression

Response characteristics of gas pressure under simultaneous static and dynamic load: Implication for coal and gas outburst mechanism

A Preliminary Approach for Accidental Load Design of a Submerged Floating Tube Bridges: Blast-Fire Interaction on RC Slabs

Mechanical Characterization of PMMA/MWCNT Composites Under Static and Dynamic Loading Conditions

Characterization of toughened bonded interface against fracture and impact loads

Currently, the automotive industry used sheets of different qualities. The most common include IF (inter Interstitial Free) steel and alloyed steel. Use the sheet quality depends on the point of application in the production car. Testing and product testing is a standard part of the process of innovation and production itself. Testing of automotive steels under dynamic conditions is increasingly important. Changing the hardness HV 1 was performed on the fractured bars on the static and dynamic loading conditions. Tests were made on steel IF and S 460.

Posterolateral corner (PLC) structures of the knee joint comprise complex anatomical soft tissues that support static and dynamic functional movements of the knee. Most previous studies analyzed posterolateral stability in vitro under static loading conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the contributions of the lateral (fibular) collateral ligament (LCL), popliteofibular ligament (PFL), and popliteus tendon (PT) to cruciate ligament forces under simulated dynamic loading conditions by using selective individual resection. We combined medical imaging and motion capture of healthy subjects (four males and one female) to develop subject-specific knee models that simulated the 12 degrees of freedom of tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joint behaviors. These computational models were validated by comparing electromyographic (EMG) data with muscle activation data and were based on previous experimental studies. A rigid multi-body dynamics simulation using a lower extremity musculoskeletal model was performed to incorporate intact and selective resection of ligaments, based on a novel force-dependent kinematics method, during gait (walking) and squatting. Deficiency of the PLC structures resulted in increased loading on the posterior cruciate ligament and anterior cruciate ligament. Among PLC structures, the PT is the most influential on cruciate ligament forces under dynamic loading conditions.

X-ray diffraction (XRD) is a necessary technique for understanding states of materials under static and dynamic loading conditions. The higher-pressure Equation of State (EOS) of many materials can only be explored via shock or ramp compression at temperatures and pressures of interest. While static XRD work has yielded EOS measurements in the 100 - 200 GPa regime, dynamic X-ray diffraction (DXRD) can explore EOS phases in the TPa regime, which closely resembles inner-core planetary conditions. DXRD hinges on the ability to measure the exact phase or phase change of a material while under dynamic loading conditions. Macroscopic diagnostic systems (e.g. velocimetry and pyrometry) can infer a phase change but not identify the specific phase entered by a material. While microscopic (atomic-level) diagnostic systems (e.g. DXRD) have been designed and implemented in Department of Energy’s (DOE) National Laboratories complex, the unique nature of Sandia National Laboratories’ Pulsed Power Facility (Z Machine) prohibits the use of such devices. The destructive nature of Z experiments presents a challenge to data capture and retrieval. Furthermore there are electromagnetic interference, X-ray background, and mechanical constraints to consider. Thus, a multi-part X-ray diagnostic for use on the Z Machine and Z-Beamlet Laser system has been designed and analyzed. Portions of this new DYnamic SCintillator Optic (DYSCO) have been built, tested and fielded. A data analysis software has been written. Finally, the radiance profile of the DYSCO’s scintillator has been characterized through experiments performed at the University of Arizona.

Shale usually exhibits strong anisotropy due to depositional environment and pre-existed microcracks caused by geological loading for a long time. Characterizing mechanical anisotropy properties of shale, especially the tensile strength anisotropy, plays an important role in the successful exploitation of shale gas. In this work, static and dynamic tests with semi-circular bending (SCB) specimen are conducted using hydraulic servo-control machine and modified split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) system, respectively. To survey the tensile strength anisotropy of shale induced by stratification, samples are cored and cut into half by diametrical cutting along different angles relative to the stratification (0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°, C0°). For dynamic tests, the utilization of pulse shaping technique ensures that the samples obtain dynamic equilibrium. The tensile strength values exhibit clear anisotropy under both static and dynamic loading conditions and show typical loading rate dependence at a given angle. An anisotropic index named αk is defined to describe the tensile strength anisotropy at a certain loading rate. The outcomes illustrate that the anisotropic index decreases as the loading rate increases. In addition, failure pattern owns different characteristic under different loading angles with respect to the stratification. These phenomena may be explained by the pre-existing microcracks, and cracks interaction during dynamic loading conditions.