Relationship between Night shift work, Eating Habits and BMI among Nurses in Lebanon

Introduction: Shift work is associated with increased incidence of obesity and other features of the metabolic syndrome. Health problems in shift workers are caused by several factors, one of these factors is the stress hormone cortisol. Aim of the work: to assess the association between night shift work and the changes in body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose, lipid (total cholesterol, HDL, and triglycerides) levels, cortisol hormone secretion, uric acid blood level and salivary cortisol level. Materials & Methods: this study was conducted on 160 male security personnel, their age ranging from 35 to 40 years in Cairo . Regarding the work schedule 80 subjects worked daytime for 8 hours, whereas 80 individuals worked only night shift for 12 hour with one day off, for at least continuous 5 years. Results: the results showed no significant difference between night shift and day workers as regard age and working years. As regard body mass index (BMI) there was highly significant difference (<0.001) between night and day workers. There was no significant difference between night and day shift workers as regard total cholesterol level, triglycerides, and fasting blood glucose (P< 0.05) where as there is a significant difference between night and day shift workers as regard HDL –cholesterol (P<0.05) and a highly significant difference between night and day shift workers as regard uric acid blood level (P<0.001).A significant difference was detected in salivary cortisol levels among night shift workers where the salivary cortisol level is higher in the evening than in the morning, also there is a significant difference in salivary cortisol level among day shift workers where the salivary cortisol level is higher in the morning than in the evening (P<0.05). Conclusion: Our results suggest an association between long-term shift work and increased body mass index, elevation cortisol level, HDL–cholesterol, fasting blood glucose and uric acid level. Further studies are needed to understand the biological mechanisms involved and the complex behavioral and social adaptations experienced by night-shift workers. Regular screening health programs should be done to maintain the health of shift workers.

Night shift work causes disruption in social life, which allegedly adversely affects the efficiency and satisfaction with social relations that shift workers maintain outside the work environment. The aim of this study was to compare satisfaction with social support between night shift and non night shift workers and study possible associations of this investigation with chronotype and BMI. Method: The study was carried out in a poultry processing agribusiness in the interior of Brazil. Four hundred and twenty three (423) workers, night shift (n=168) and non night shift (n=255) of both sexes were evaluated. The volunteers answered a questionnaire that assessed socio demographic aspects, working hours, sleep quality, usual hours of sleep and awakening. Weight and height were measured to calculate body mass index (BMI), being also measured the waist circumference. The chronotype was evaluated by means of the identification questionnaire as to morning and evening individuals by Horne and Ostberg. The scale of satisfaction with social support (ESSS) and adapted cross culturally Brazil/Portugal was previously submitted to evaluation of psychometric properties for later use in shift workers. Results: The study of the ESSS psychometric properties for the population of shift workers revealed the need for re-specification of the instrument compared to the initial model of 15 items, leading to the exclusion of four items, with a version of the instrument with 11 items that assess four dimensions being proposed. The night shift workers were perceived to be less satisfied with the overall social support (p = 0.04) and with a degree of intimacy (p = 0.01) in their interpersonal relationships. Younger night shift workers (18-30 years) presented lower scores in satisfaction with the overall social support (p<0.01), satisfaction with friends (p = 0.02), social activities (p = 0.03) and intimacy (p = 0.01). The grouping of all shift workers showed positive associations between chronotype and overall social support (p = 0.01, p = 0.134) and satisfaction with friends (p < 0.01, p = 0.158) and between age and satisfaction with friends (p = 0.04, p = -0.109). Conclusion. Workers on the night shift, especially those aged between 18-30 years, showed lower satisfaction with social support, suggesting that the different social experiences related to age can influence perceptions of support. The morning shift work seems to lead to greater satisfaction with social support, whereas less satisfaction with social support may lead to an increase in BMI.

What is already known about this subject Factors associated with children's body mass index (BMI) include parents' BMIs, birth weight, maternal smoking, sleep duration and television watching. Few studies have attempted to quantify either changes in the association between risk factors and BMI or the contribution of changes in the risk factors to increases in BMI over a generation. What this study adds The magnitude of the association between most risk factors and children's BMIs has not changed over a 29-year period. Increases in the population level of mothers' body mass index (BMI) explains ~20% of the increase in children's BMI whereas the smaller increase in fathers' BMI contributes only 6%. Maternal smoking, despite the decrease in prevalence, contributes ~17%. Using two cohorts born 29 years apart in Dunedin, New Zealand we aim to examine changes in risk factors and their associations with body mass index (BMI) at ages 3 and 7 years, and estimate their contribution to the secular changes in BMI at age 7 years. Birth weight and anthropometric measures at ages 3, 5 and 7 years were obtained for 974 participants in the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study (DMHDS), born in 1972-1973, and 241 in the Family Lifestyle, Activity, Movement and Eating Study (FLAME), born in 2001-2002. Information about maternal age, education and smoking in pregnancy, as well as breastfeeding, children's television time and time in bed, was obtained by questionnaire. The increase in BMI over the 29-year period was 0.84 (95% CI 0.61, 1.06) kg m(-2) at age 7. A 1-unit difference in the mother's BMI was associated with a 0.06 (0.03, 0.08) kg m(-2) difference in offspring in both studies; the 3.4 (2.8, 4.0) kg m(-2) increase in the mothers' BMIs accounts for a change of 0.19 kg m(-2) in the children's BMI. The much smaller generational increase in fathers' BMI (0.7 kg m(-2) ) correspondingly had a more limited effect on change in child BMI over time (0.06 kg m(-2) ). Although smoking in pregnancy decreased by 15% (8, 21) its association with BMI increased from 0.20 (-0.01, 0.42) in the DMHDS cohort to 1.24 (0.76, 1.71) kg m(-2) in the FLAME cohort, contributing 0.18 kg m(-2) to the increase in children's BMI. Societal factors such as higher maternal BMI and smoking in pregnancy contribute most to the secular increase in BMI, with changes in behavioural factors, including sleep and television viewing, having little effect in this setting.

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Background:&lt;/b&gt; Night shift work has been associated with an increased risk for breast and prostate cancer. The effect of circadian disruption on sex steroid production is a possible underlying mechanism, underinvestigated in humans. We have assessed daily rhythms of sex hormones and melatonin in night and day shift workers of both sexes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; We recruited 75 night and 42 day workers, ages 22 to 64 years, in different working settings. Participants collected urine samples from all voids over 24 hours on a working day. Urinary concentrations of 16 sex steroid hormones and metabolites (estrogens, progestagens, and androgens) and 6-sulfatoxymelatonin were measured in all samples. Mean levels and peak time of total and individual metabolite production were compared between night and day workers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Night workers had higher levels of total progestagens [geometric mean ratio (GMR) 1.65; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.17–2.32] and androgens (GMR: 1.44; 95% CI, 1.03–2.00), compared with day workers, after adjusting for potential confounders. The increased sex hormone levels among night shift workers were not related to the observed suppression of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin. Peak time of androgens was significantly later among night workers, compared with day workers (testosterone: 12:14 hours; 10:06-14:48 vs. 08:35 hours; 06:52-10:46).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; We found increased levels of progestagens and androgens as well as delayed peak androgen production in night shift workers compared with day workers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Impact:&lt;/b&gt; The increase and mistiming of sex hormone production may explain part of the increased risk for hormone-related cancers observed in night shift workers. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(5); 854–63. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Amaç: Vardiya sistemine göre ‘gece mesai-gündüz uyku’ şeklinde devam eden yaşam düzeni, bireylerin sirkadiyen ritim ve yeme davranışlarını olumsuz etkileyerek beden kütle indekslerinde farklılıklara yol açmaktadır. Bu araştırmada vardiya sistemine bağlı değişen yaşam düzeninin yeme davranışı, beden kütle indeksi ve bel-kalça oranı üzerine etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Bu araştırma yemek fabrikalarında gece çalışan 50 mutfak personeline yapılmıştır. Bireylere genel sağlık durumları, beslenme alışkanlıkları, çalışma ve uyku saatleri, fiziksel aktiviteleri ve besin tüketimlerinin sorgulandığı bir anket formu uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca antropometrik ölçümleri alınarak beden kütle indeksleri ve bel/kalça oranları hesaplanmıştır. Bulgular: Toplam uyku süresine ve uyunan saat aralığına göre beden kütle indeksi ve bel/kalça oranının değerlendirilmesi sonucunda, uyku süresi 6-7 saat arasında olanların değerleri 8-9 saat arasında olanlardan istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde yüksek bulunmuştur. Katılımcıların vardiyalı çalışma süreleri 1-3, 3-6, 6-10 ve 10 yıl üzeri olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, 1-3 ve 3-6 yıl süre ile vardiyalı çalışanların beden kütle indeksi ortalamalarının ve bel/kalça oranlarının, 6-10 ve 10 yıl ve üzerinde vardiyalı çalışanların değerlerinden istatistiksel olarak anlamlı şekilde düşük bulunmuştur. Bu çalışmada katılımcılar akşam yemeği saatlerine göre ikiye ayrılmıştır. Akşam yemeği saati 17.00-19:30 olanların beden kütle indeksi ortalamaları, 20.00-24.00 olanlardan istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde yüksek bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Bu çalışmanın sonucunda yedi saatten az uyumanın beden kütle indeksini arttırdığı, altı yıldan uzun süre vardiyalı sistemde çalışmanın obeziteye neden olduğu ve gece vardiyasında çalışanların akşam yemeğini erken saatte yedikten sonra gece geç saatlerde tekrar yemek yedikleri için kilo artışı yaşadıkları tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları benzer literatür bilgilerini destekler niteliktedir.

EFFECT OF NIGHT SHIFT WORK ON ANTI-MULLERIAN HORMONE (AMH) LEVELS IN REPRODUCTIVE-AGED AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN (AAW)

This study aimed to examine the association between rotating night shift work and carotid atherosclerosis in Chinese steelworkers. A total of 3582 subjects were included in this study. Different exposure metrics of night shifts, including current shift status, duration of night shifts (years), the cumulative number of night shifts (nights), cumulative length of night shifts (hours) and average frequency of night shifts (nights/month), were used to examine the relationship between night shift work and carotid atherosclerosis, including carotid plaque and carotid plaque scores. The prevalence of carotid plaque was 29.9% in the study population. Compared with day workers, significantly increased odds of carotid plaque were observed among shift workers in each quartile of the duration of night shifts after adjusting for potential confounders, especially in the third and fourth quartiles: odds ratio (OR) = 1.91, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.46 to 2.49, in the third quartiles; OR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.30 to 2.20, in the fourth quartiles. Positive associations of different exposure metrics of night shifts (continuous) with the odds of carotid plaque and the carotid plaque score were observed in the restricted cubic spline (RCS) models. No significant association was found in female workers between night shift work and carotid plaque. Rotating night shift work is associated with elevated odds of carotid atherosclerosis in male steelworkers.

To analyze the variables associated with fatigue perception and workability on workers working 12-hour fixed night and day shifts. A cross-sectional study was carried out. Forty-three workers, working 12-hour fixednight and day shifts in a textile factory, filled out questionnaires about fatigue, workability index, individual characteristics, life style and working conditions. A univariate linear regression analysis was performed. Fatigue-related factors are associated to the workers' life style (physical activities is a protection factor), and sleep difficulties, with may increase fatigue perception. Workability-related factors are associated to longevity on job and working night shifts - workability index decreases as job longevity increases. Working night shifts showed a higher workability index. The 12-hour shifts may cause a considerably higher workload, influencing worker's perception of fatigue and workability index and sleep disturbances. The results indicate that night shifts may not always be translated a health problem. However, this was a cross-sectional study with a small population sample and selection bias is not excluded. Since the workability index reduces while job longevity increases, there is a need for further longitudinal studies with larger population samples.

The shift work system may affect the temporal distribution of eating and diet quality. The paper aimed at reviewing a body of research examining the associations between night shift work and dietary habits among nurses. Data from the PubMed and Google Schoolar databases, as well as references lists in selected papers were searched. The authors used the following keywords: nurses, shift work, diet, nutrition. Papers published in English or Polish were selected for the review, and as many as 19 papers published in 2000-2017 were eventually identified. The studies varied greatly with respect to the study size, subjects' age and the duration of night shift work. The major problem was the heterogeneity of the tools used for dietary assessment. Self-administered questionnaires were used and analyses were rarely adjusted for confounders. Alcohol consumption was the most frequently analyzed aspect (N = 8 studies), followed by the total energy (N = 7), protein, fat (N = 6), and carbohydrate intake, coffee and fruit consumption (N = 5). The results showed quite a consistent association of night work with higher coffee (caffeine) consumption, as well as lower alcohol, and fruit and vegetables consumption. Few studies also reported more frequent snacks consumption, later time of the last meal, eating at night, meals irregularity, and a poorer diet quality among night shift nurses when compared to the reference. The review showed some poor nutritional habits among nurses working night shifts. However, the topic warrants further attention, owing to the relatively small number of the studies performed so far, and their numerous methodological limitations. Med Pr. 2019;70(3):363-76.

ObjectivesNight shift work has been associated with poor sleep, weight gain, metabolic syndrome, which are recognised risk factor for diabetes. However, only a few studies have examined the effect of...

IntroductionDisruption of age-related processes seems to play a relevant role in health effects related to night shift (NS) work. We had observed a decrease between telomere length (a marker of...

This study explores the correlation between metabolic syndrome and night-shift work in Taiwan by analyzing employees' annual health check data (March 2019). More than 9000 records were enrolled. Through the analysis of the annual health check data of a semiconductor factory's day-shift and night-shift workers' metabolic syndrome indicators, the relationship between night-shift work and metabolic syndrome was identified. According to the definition of long-term night work labor by the Ministry of Labor of Taiwan, this study divides all employees of the factory into long-term night work and non-long-term night work employees. Abnormal waist circumference (WC) was defined as WC ≥ 90 cm in males and WC ≥ 80 cm in females. Abnormal blood pressure was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure ≥ 85 mm Hg, or taking medication for hypertension. Abnormal fasting blood sugar was defined as ≥100 mg/dL or taking medication for diabetes. Elevated triglyceride (TG) was defined as TG ≥ 150 mg/dL or taking TG-lowering medication. Abnormal high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was defined as HDL < 40 mg/dL in males and HDL < 50 mg/dL in females. A total of 9322 workers from the factory were recruited: 4039 workers were night-shift employees, and 5283 workers were non-night-shift employees. Night work status increased the risk of poor blood pressure (systolic pressure + 3.1%, diastolic pressure + 1.7%) and elevated TG (+5.7%). Night-shift workers had a higher body mass index and abdominal circumference than day-shift workers. Night-shift workers had a 3.6% higher risk of obesity/overweight. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that, after adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index, night-shift work was significantly associated with a higher risk of metabolic syndrome (odds ratio = 1.17, 95% confidence interval 1.02-1.35). This study supports the hypothesis that circadian rhythm disruption plays a role in the development of metabolic syndrome. It is recommended that business units implement targeted health promotion strategies, including regular health screening, nutrition guidance, onsite exercise support, and psychosocial well-being programs. Future research should include longitudinal designs and sleep quality assessments to clarify causality.

BackgroundNight shift work may acutely disrupt the circadian rhythm, with possible carcinogenic effects. Prostate cancer has few established risk factors though night shift work, a probable human carcinogen, may increase the risk. We aimed to study the association between night shift work and chlorinated degreasing agents (CDAs) as possible endocrine disrupters in relation to aggressive prostate cancer as verified malignancies.MethodsWe conducted a case-cohort study on 299 aggressive prostate cancer cases and 2056 randomly drawn non-cases in the Norwegian Offshore Petroleum Workers cohort (1965–98) with linkage to the Cancer Registry of Norway (1953–2019). Work history was recorded as years with day, night, and rollover (rotating) shift work, and CDA exposure was assessed with expert-made job-exposure matrices. Weighted Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for aggressive prostate cancer, adjusted for education and year of first employment, stratified by 10-year birth cohorts, and with 10, 15, and 20 years of exposure lag periods.ResultsCompared with day work only, an increased hazard of aggressive prostate cancer (HR = 1.86, 95% CI 1.18–2.91; P-trend = 0.046) was found in workers exposed to ≥19.5 years of rollover shift work. This persisted with longer lag periods (HR = 1.90, 95% CI 0.92–3.95; P-trend = 0.007). The exposure-hazard curve for a non-linear model increased linearly (HRs ≥1.00) for 18–26 years of rollover shift work. No association was found with CDA exposure.ConclusionsLong-term exposure to rollover shift work may increase the hazard of aggressive prostate cancer in offshore petroleum workers.

Objective Physical inactivity has been hypothesized as an underlying factor for the association between shift work and adverse health outcomes. We compared leisure-time and occupational physical activity and sedentary behavior between day, night, and non-night shift workers. Methods We identified 612 day workers, 139 night shift workers and 61 non-night shift workers aged 18-65 years (54% men) in two Danish studies: the New method for Objective Measurements of physical Activity in Daily living (NOMAD) and the Danish Physical ACTivity cohort with Objective measurements (DPhacto) between 2011-2013. Sedentary behavior, light, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity were measured using an accelerometer. Physical activity was expressed as percentage of leisure and work time spent in each activity. Linear regression analyses were used to test differences in physical activity and sedentary behavior between day, night, and non-night shift workers. Results No differences in leisure-time sedentary behavior and physical activity were observed between day and shift workers (P>0.05). Non-night shift workers spent 7.2% [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 2.3-12.1) more time in occupational sedentary behavior than day workers and 5.9% (95% CI -10.1- -1.7) and 1.9% (95% CI -3.7- -0.2) less time in occupational light and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, respectively. Compared to day workers, night shift workers spent 4.3% (95% CI 2.4-6.1) more time at work in uninterrupted sedentary periods of ≥30 minutes. Conclusions Shift workers had similar leisure-time physical activity patterns as day workers, but were more sedentary at work. Future research should elucidate whether occupational physical inactivity and sedentary behavior contributes to shift work-related adverse health effects.

Working night shifts may influence hormonal balance and may increase risk of PTB. To assess the association between night shift work during early pregnancy and PTB risk in the Dutch Nightingale Study; a large cohort of (former) female nurses. The baseline cohort included 59 944 nurses, of whom 44 638 reported a first birth. Women reported lifetime reproductive and occupational histories in questionnaires in 2011 and 2017. Night shift work during pregnancy was classified as yes/no, number of nights worked per month and number of nights worked in a row per month. PTB was defined as early PTB (≥24-31+6 weeks of gestation) or late PTB (≥32-36+6 weeks) and PTB (<37 weeks) versus a term delivery (≥37 weeks). The association between night shift work and PTB risk was assessed in 44 638 nulliparous women using multivariable, multinomial logistic regression. In total, 3197 (7%) women had experienced PTB. The risk of PTB was not associated with working night shifts (adjusted odds ratio (OR)=1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.94-1.11 for women who did compared to women who did not work night shifts), but women who worked night shifts during early pregnancy had lower risk of early PTB compared to women who did not work night shifts (adjusted OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.60-0.94). This study among 44 638 nulliparous women found no association between working night shifts and risk of PTB. Contrary to earlier studies, we could adjust for PTB risk factors such as workload, maternal disease history and fertility treatment.