Relay-based multipoint content delivery for wireless users in an information-centric network

The project is about to implement Internet of Things (IoT) technology in Railways. Goal is to constitute a secure IoT system by using Information Centric Networking (ICN) architecture to comprehend the key requirements of IoT system. The proposed system is based on ICN architecture. ICN is the architecture which supports multicast, mobility and security. Mobility is the necessity here in the proposed IoT system in railways. System contains passenger information which should remain secure. Hence, ICN architecture is used as a base for IoT system in railways. The Internet of Things (IoT) based system is for catering passengers' services and requests in long journey railways. The system is to collect requests from passengers from each coach, track the location of crew members within train and allocate them requests from passengers. This allocation of the requests to the crew members takes place depending on the service arrival time, location information and workload factor of crew member. As proposed project is based on ICN architecture, it will use secure device discovery concept to make system more secure.

Information Centric Networks (ICN) has emerged as a new Internet paradigm where the users are being provided seamless access to contents rather than the host as in classical approach. For ICN realization, the current Internet requires architectural changes. These changes must be incorporated such that existing applications continue running without any difficulties. In this paper, we introduce a novel ICN architecture, called Overlay Information Centric Networks (O-ICN), which separates the data plane from the control plane activities of the network. Unlike the usual ICN architectures, in our approach naming and routing (control plane) functionalities have been segregated from the caching (data plane) functionality at each ICN router. We introduce a new module called an ICN Manager which is an extended version of Domain Name System (DNS) server and performs name resolution along with routing functionalities for ICN type of requests as well as the normal DNS resolution for non-ICN type of requests. The O-ICN architecture can be deployed incrementally over the current Internet and can operate both as ICN and non-ICN/legacy network simultaneously. This can also be implemented both in Software Defined Networks (SDN) as well as non-SDN networks without much modifications. The proposed architecture provides benefits in terms of simplification of network management, vendor independent solution, better use of network resources in terms of bandwidth and delay, and reduction of deployment/operational cost of the network.

Information-Centric Networking (ICN) and Software-Defined Networking (SDN) are both new evolving network architectures that are receiving a lot of attention from researchers. ICN is a Future Internet architecture which tries to transform the current Internet architecture from location- and host-centric to content-centric, where obtaining requested data is achieved by the contents’ names regardless of the location of the data. From another angle, SDN is considered a new Internet architecture that moves the control plane management from network devices to a centralized controller. The SDN controller enhances network robustness and improves its scalability, reliability, and flexibility. The integration of ICN and SDN results in massive benefits, where SDN enhances ICN networks’ manageability, controllability, and functionality, and ICN reshapes the SDN design to make it compatible with ICN features and to enhance ICN in terms of network caching, routing, mobility, and security.. In this review paper, a comprehensive survey of the issues and challenges of integrating ICN and SDN is presented. Firstly, ICN’s main characteristics are summarized, and a short comparison between different ICN architectures is completed. Then, the key details of SDN are highlighted. Moreover, the motivation and benefits of merging ICN with SDN are summarized and the state-of-the-art work on merging ICN and SDN is reviewed and classified from several aspects. Finally, several open research issues are highlighted.

The contributions of this paper are twofold. Firstly, we analyze the decision making problem of caching contents by the network players of Information Centric Networking (ICN) from a game theoretic perspective. We also mention a possible content distribution model for ICN. By our proposed game theory, different network players can find the optimality taking into consideration which benefits them with optimum revenue. Secondly, we present a solution for Live Streaming Media broadcast in ICN and analyze the economic part with a decision tree. We believe, our paper clearly shows the economic incentives for major network players which can stand as a motivation to achieve the faster accommodation of ICN architecture. Besides, we identify some standardization issue in ICN architecture and we emphasize on the need for a common standard for content routers (CR) so that as a node in the ICN, CR ensure scalable content delivery as well as its functionalities match with the Internet open standard philosophy.

Information Centric Networking (ICN) is future Internet architecture for distribution of the contents which are location independent and are cached in the ICN nodes, making them efficient for distribution and retrieval. ICN architecture is based on new protocols for unique naming and transferring of data objects over the network. Its focus is on delivery of data objects to the end user rather than communication between client and host. In this paper we have compared different proposed ICN architectures, network caching and challenges of ICN.

It is a paradigm shift in internet architecture from receiver centric model to the information centric networking (ICN) model to improve the end-users' latency experience. With exponential increment in number of users and data volume, efficient usage of the nodes (caches) and content forwarding methodology are key issues in an ICN architecture. In ICN intra-domain routers have storage capacity and they can act as temporary content provider, therefore it reduces average hop count and correspondingly average delay for content download. In this article, we formulate the content management issues in a cache having finite storage capability and propose an efficient content management policy that metamorphoses a node to a self-sustained cache. We address how content packets are stored in buffer of the cache before processing and how they suffer from several finite propagation delays during the processing in a cache. We simulate our proposition with deploying real-life network environment and calculate user experience metrics like average latency, throughput and good-put. From simulation results we observe that our proposed model outperforms the existing state-of-the-art on-path caching policies.

The Internet Protocol (IP) architecture could not fully satisfy Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) needed efficiency due to their dynamic topology and high mobility. This paper presents a technique to update the software of Electronic Control Units (ECUs) in vehicles using Information Centric Network (ICN) architecture. The proposed technique replaces Flashing Over The Air (FOTA) using IP with FOTA using ICN. The importance of FOTA is illustrated as well as the impact of applying the ICN architecture on VANETs. Through our experiments, we compare between the known FOTA over IP and the newly introduced FOTA technique over ICN.KeywordsFlashing Over The Air (FOTA)Information Centric Networking (ICN)ndnSIMVehicle software updateVehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs).

Information Centric Networking (ICN) is a new paradigm in which the network layer provides users with content, instead of providing communication channels between hosts, and is aware of the name (or identifiers) of the contents. In this paper, we first describe what, we believe, are the main advantages and components of an ICN infrastructure; then we present an overall architecture for ICN, and then we focus on the main contribution of the paper, which is a route caching technique, designed to improve the scalability of the routing by name functionality.

The basic function of the Internet is to delivery data (what) to serve the needs of all applications. IP names the attachment points (where) to facilitate ubiquitous interconnectivity as the current way to deliver data. The fundamental mismatch between data delivery and naming attachment points leads to a lot of challenges, e.g., mapping from data name to IP address, handling dynamics of underlying topology, scaling up the data distribution, and securing communication, etc. Information-centric networking (ICN) is proposed to shift the focus of communication paradigm from where to what, by making the named data the first-class citizen in the network, The basic consensus of ICN is to name the data independent from its container (space dimension) and session (time dimension), which breaks the limitation of point-to-point IP semantic. It scales up data distribution by utilizing available resources, and facilitates communication to fit diverse connectivity and heterogeneous networks. However, there are only a few consensuses on the detailed design of ICN, and quite a few different ICN architectures are proposed. This paper reveals the rationales of ICN from the perspective of the Internet evolution, surveys different design choices, and discusses on two debatable topics in ICN, i.e., self-certifying versus hierarchical names, and edge versus pervasive caching. We hope this survey helps clarify some mis-understandings on ICN and achieve more consensuses.

A Lightweight Forwarding Strategy for Named Data Networking in Low-end IoT

Due to the overload of IP semantics, the traditional TCP/IP network has a number of problems in scalability, mobility, and security. In this context, information-centric networking (ICN) is proposed to solve these problems. To reduce the cost of deployment and smoothly evolve, the ICN architecture needs to be compatible with existing IP infrastructure. However, the rigid underlying IP routing regulation limits the data transmission efficiency of ICN. In this paper, we propose a novel multipath transmission scheme by utilizing the characteristics and functions of ICN to enhance data transmission. The process of multipath transmission can be regarded as a service, and a multipath transmission service ID (MPSID) is assigned. By using the ICN routers bound to the MPSID as relay nodes, multiple parallel paths between the data source and the receiver are constructed. Moreover, we design a path management mechanism, including path selection and path switching. It can determine the initial path based on historical transmission information and switch to other optimal paths according to the congestion degree during transmission. The experimental results show that our proposed method can improve the average throughput and reduce the average flow completion time and the average chunk completion time.

Although IP multicast has been rapidly evolving in the last few years, the current Internet is not fully multicast-enabled because of the lack of robust inter-domain routing and controlling protocols. In this paper, we present an alternative architecture for data distribution on Internet called PSRM that realizes semantic reliable, loose synchronized, multicast data delivery. PSRM is not based on global IP multicast, instead it uses a hybrid way to combine unicast delivery with multicast delivery. In PSRM, IP multicast is used only in local area, or multicast domain, to enhance the performance, and these multicast domains are organized into a spanning tree by TCP connections. As PSRM is based upon ALF protocol architecture, we use application-defined semantics to adapt content in a heterogeneous environment. PSRM have been implemented and demonstrated by a prototype distance learning application.

Current Internet architecture is becoming inadequate for new requirements of highly scalable and efficient distribution of contents. Information Centric Networking (ICN) is one of the alternatives for the Next Generation Internet (NGI), which focuses mainly on contents. In-network caching is one of the major attributes of ICN, which allows contents to be cached in any ICN node. Any user can access ICN contents from different distributed locations. This attribute maximizes the problem of unauthorized access to ICN contents. In this paper, we propose a Decentralized Access Control Protocol for ICN architectures (DACPI). In this protocol, fewer public messages are needed for access control enforcement between ICN subscribers and ICN nodes than the existing access control protocols. DACPI depends on ICN self-certifying naming scheme. We perform security analysis on DACPI for the following attacks: man-in-the-middle, forward security, replay attacks, integrity, and privacy violations. According to the security analysis, DACPI prevents unauthorized access to ICN contents with fewer messages passed.

Information centric networking (ICN) and software-defined networking (SDN) are two emerging networking paradigms that promise to solve different aspects of networking problems. ICN is a clean-slate design for accommodating the ever increasing growth of the Internet traffic by regarding content as the network primitive, adopting in-network caching, and name-based routing, while SDN focuses on agile and flexible network management by decoupling network control logic from data forwarding. ICN and SDN have gained significant research attention separately in the most of the previous work. However, the features of ICN have profound impacts on the design and operation of SDN, such as in-network caching and data-centric security. Conversely, SDN provides a powerful tool for experimenting and deploying ICN architectures and can greatly facilitate ICN functionality and management. In this paper, we point out the necessity of surveying the scattered works on integrating SDN and ICN (SD-ICN) for improving operational networks. Specifically, we analyze the points of SD-ICN strengths and opportunities, and discuss the SDN enablers for deploying ICN architectures. In addition, we review and classify the recent work on improving the network management by SD-ICN and discuss the potential security benefits of SD-ICN. Finally, a number of open issues and future trends are highlighted.

Information-centric networking (ICN) uses namebased forwarding and in-network caching to reduce latency and backbone traffic and is therefore a key candidate for future networks. ICN architectures using a Name Resolution Service (NRS) improve scalability and flexibility, but also create new distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) threats against resolution and forwarding resources, such as cache pollution and forwarding exhaustion. We propose a trust-based defense for NRS-based ICN that binds entities to decentralized identifiers, derives multifactor credit scores from resolution and caching behaviors, and uses lightweight credentials to steer rate limiting, caching, and forwarding policies. A federated-learning-based detector uses local observations to identify low-rate attacks that span multiple resolution domains without sharing raw traffic and with only modest extra coordination traffic. ns-3-based simulations under cache pollution, forwarding exhaustion, and hybrid attacks show that our scheme improves detection F1-score by up to about 10 percentage points and maintains request success and cache hit ratios around <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$88-90 \%$</tex> and 70 % during attacks, whereas representative ICN/NDN defenses can drop below 80 % and 65 %.