Remote control system of industrial field robot

Trust in systems : effects of direct and indirect information

Evaluation of an automatic-mode image processing method in chest computed radiography.

The aim of this study was to analyze the color alterations performed by the CIE L*a*b* system in the digital imaging of shade guide tabs, which were obtained photographically according to the automatic and manual modes. This study also sought to examine the observers' agreement in quantifying the coordinates. Four Vita Lumin Vaccum shade guide tabs were used: A3.5, B1, B3 and C4. An EOS Canon digital camera was used to record the digital images of the shade tabs, and the images were processed using Adobe Photoshop software. A total of 80 observations (five replicates of each shade according to two observers in two modes, specifically, automatic and manual) were obtained, leading to color values of L*, a* and b*. The color difference (ΔE) between the modes was calculated and classified as either clinically acceptable or unacceptable. The results indicated that there was agreement between the two observers in obtaining the L*, a* and b* values related to all guides. However, the B1, B3, and C4 shade tabs had ΔE values classified as clinically acceptable (ΔE = 0.44, ΔE = 2.04 and ΔE = 2.69, respectively). The A3.5 shade tab had a ΔE value classified as clinically unacceptable (ΔE = 4.17), as it presented higher values for luminosity in the automatic mode (L* = 54.0) than in the manual mode (L* = 50.6). It was concluded that the B1, B3 and C4 shade tabs can be used at any of the modes in digital camera (manual or automatic), which was a different finding from that observed for the A3.5 shade tab.

IntroductionNavy ships and submarines are important military measures that protect the Republic of Korea. They also comprise naval officers’ workplace. However, few studies have examined naval officers’ working environment and...

Part 6: Defibrillation

Objective To assess the reproducibility of vascularization measurement in cervical carcinoma using transvaginal three-dimensional power Doppler angiography (3D-PDA) with virtualorgan computer-aided analysis ( VOCAL), and compare the reproducibility of two different contour mode (manual and automatic mode) of VOCAL. Methods Eighty patients with cervical carcinoma were examined by observer 1 using transvaginal 3D-PDA. The two acquired volume datasets were analyzed using manual and sphere automatic contour mode of the VOCAL imaging program for assessing carcinoma vascularization index( VI), flow index(FI), and vascularization flow index(VFI). Forty patients of them were examined randomly by observer 2 by the same method. Reproducibility of vascularity measurement was assessed by calculating intraclass (intra-CC) and interclass (inter-CC) , limits of agreement, 95% confidence interval definition. The contribution of various factors (examiner, measurement, contour mode and patient) to intrasubject variance was estimated using different analysis of variance models (ANOVA). Results For intraobserver,manual contour mode was more valid than sphere automatic contour mode for each observer (0. 92～0. 99 vs 0. 75～0. 94) ,and it also had smaller standard deviation,narrower limit of agreement range, 95% confidence interval and higher intra-cc than those of sphere automatic contour mode. Interobserver agreement of manual contour vascular measurements was similar to the intraobserver agreement for manual contour vascular measurements ( 0. 89 ～ 0. 97 vs 0. 92 ～ 0. 99 ) , but interobserver agreement for sphere automatic contour vascular measurements dramatically reduced (0. 52～0. 72). Conclusions Manual contour mode for 3D-PDA vascular measurement has better reproduciblity than sphere automatic contour mode, especially useful for irregular shape tissue. Key words: Ultrasonographys Uterine cervical neoplasms; Virtual organ computer-aided analysis; Reproducibility of results

As the rapidly growing number of disabled people in China, the role of electric wheelchair becomes important to enhance the mobility for them. Many researchers pay attention to how to solve the problems in daily life for the wheelchair users, rarely cares for their physical exercises. In this paper, a control method of intelligent tennis wheelchair based on seat pressure sensors and omnidirectional wheels is introduced. The relationship between human intention and the changes of gravity center on wheelchair seat is described in details. Hence, this system combines with the traditional inputs in order to form a multimodal system. The user could control the wheelchair in manual or automatic mode. In manual mode, user controls the wheelchair depending on conventional joystick device. While in automatic mode, according to value of weight shift measurement, we infer the user's intension based on fuzzy controller. In addition, we developed an intelligent wheelchair interface in order that those modules could be switched conveniently and freely. Finally some experimental results show that the developed intelligent wheelchair works correctly and effectively in practice.

This paper presents an automatic prototype drilling and sorting line using programmable logic control (PLC). The main objective is to design and apply PLC in order to develop an automatic drilling and sorting systems with different sizes. The condition for drilling is to pierce a hole in the black and white objects and to drill a hole in the green and blue objects. The automatic drilling and sorting system prototype will be controlled on screen. This prototype system consists of PLC MITSUMISHI as the main controller, a stepping motor to move the drilling motor for drilling the parts, and to communicate between the users and system through GT SoftGOT 2000 on computer. There are two modes of the automatic prototype drilling and sorting line as the manual mode and automatic mode. The experimental results show that the error of drilling distance is about 0.2-0.3 mm. The automatic drilling and sorting machine can work accurately in both manual and automatic mode, which can be integrated into the large-scale of industrial implementation.

This paper is a summary of experiments to assess alternative methods to control a small (<25 kg; under Transport Canada rules, small UAV are classified as under 25 kg; Transport Canada. 2014. TP15263 – Knowledge requirements for pilots of unmanned air vehicle systems (UAV) 25 kg or less, operating within visual line of sight. Transport Canada. August. Available from http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/publications/page-6557.html [accessed 17 August 2015]) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in manual mode. While it is true that the majority of a typical UAV mission will be in automatic mode (i.e., using an autopilot) this may not always be the case during takeoffs and landings, or if there is a failure of the autopilot. The concept of a manual control backup mode during all flight phases remains in proposed UAV regulations currently being defined in Canada and the US. The research summarized in this paper is an attempt to assess the accuracy of several manual control options for a small UAV. The paper includes both a theoretical discussion of the task of manually controlling a small UAV airframe and results from a series of field experiments investigating the use of first-person view techniques.

Traditional manual fire-fighting water cannons cost much physical strength to operate due to its own weight and lasting fire-fighting process. In order to reduce the physical stress of firefighters and ensure their safety, a remote control system for water cannons based on STM32 using freeRTOS is introduced in this paper. It has both manual mode and automatic mode with distance of remote control over 250 meters. Power consumption performance has been additionally optimized to extend the standby time considering it’s battery-powered.

Bulldozers are frequently used to execute work in hazardous environments. Teleoperation provides a viable method for allowing operators to perform work without being directly exposed to the hazards of these environments. However, removing the operator from the bulldozer presents many challenges associated with reduced task engagement and controllability. The relocation of the operator and placement within a remote teleoperation system may be simplistically modelled as placing a filter on the operator’s inputs and outputs. The various cues that would excite the sensory systems of an operator on board the bulldozer must be remotely replicated. However, the fidelity and timeliness of cues provided to the teleoperator are unavoidably constrained by limitations in the systems that effect this replication. Likewise, there are similar implications for accurately achieving a machine response in accord with the command outputs of the operator. This thesis focuses principally on the inputs to the teleoperator with the aim of identifying how perception enhancements might be applied to alter the characteristics of this input filter. The motivation for this research is to determine what factors are critical to achieving high levels of teleoperation performance and user acceptance. To conduct this investigation, an enhanced perception cell capable of high fidelity replication of motion, visual and aural cues is integrated with an existing bulldozer teleoperation system. The cell enables targeted analysis of the influence of individual feedback cues on performance and user acceptance. Experiments have been conducted with the enhanced perception cell for a structured bulldozing task. Results indicate that visual quality is a dominant factor influencing operator performance. Motion feedback provides no additional benefit beyond that provided by enhanced visual quality. The value of task visualisation to support accuracy and planning is also highlighted.

In 35 ASA group I and II patients we investigated the influence of haemodynamic changes induced by increasing concentrations of halothane (from 0.0 to 0.6% halothane in 70% N20) on parameters of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Measurements by TEE were taken in manual and automatic boundary detection mode. In manual mode the left ventricular endsystolic area (ESA) increased significantly (+16.3%) and the fractional area change (FAC) decreased significantly (-14.9%). There was no significant change of left ventricular end diastolic area (EDA). In the automatic mode there was a significant increase of ESA and EDA (+13.8%; +6.0%) and a significant decrease of FAC (-10.9%). Peak ejection rate (PER) and peak filling rate (PFR) which were also assessed in automated mode decreased significantly (-10.0%; -5.7%) under halothane. No change occurred with manually determined left ventricular endsystolic wall stress (LVEWS). The endsystolic quotient decreased significantly both in manual and automated mode during halothane (-28.3%; -29.9%). No significant difference existed between TEE measurements under apnoea versus under controlled ventilation (except for EDA in automated mode). We conclude that there is no need for apnoea conditions for TEE measurements. In conclusion, TEE proves a useful monitoring system in anesthesia which enables the investigator to assess the negative inotropic effect of halothane. Problems in its practical usage are due to the wide variation of TEE measurements.

Exploring the relationship between adverse working environments and poor psychological states of Chinese workers: A comprehensive study

This paper describes the process for optimising the annealing cycle on a hot dip galvanising line based on a combination of the techniques of artificial intelligence and genetic algorithms for creating two types of regression models. The first model can predict the furnace operating temperature for each coil and is trained to learn from the experience of the plant operators when the process has been correctly adjusted in ‘manual mode’ and from the control system when it has been properly operated in ‘automatic mode’. Once the scheduling has been optimised, and using the two predictive models, a computer simulation is made of the galvanising process in order to optimise the target settings when there are sudden transitions in the steel strip. This substantially improves the thermal treatment, as these sudden transitions may occur when there are two welded coils differing in size and type of steel, whereby a drastic change in strip specifications leads to irregular thermal treatments that may affect the steel’s coating or properties in that part of the coil.

People with damaged or injured plexus brachialis need immediate therapy after the surgery, as an effort to restore the nerves function, even thou it is hard to achieve. But, continuous treatment may prevent the muscle to become stiff and shrink. So, patient needs assistive device to be used at home for regular self therapy. Physical therapy method was chose to be developed in this research because of lower risk than electrical therapy. This assistive device is designed in two modes, manual and automatic, and it is limited to fingers movement of adult’s right hand. Manual mode is focusing to 1 finger movement, while automatic mode will move the five fingers consecutively. The movement procedure is imitated those given in the clinic, by controlling the speed and angle rotation of a dc servo motor and certain design of lever for each finger. This assistive device works effectively for a certain fingers size. It takes 5.29 sec to finish one cycle in automatic mode, and about 2 sec in manual mode. The degree of finger movement yield by the device is about 20 degree less than finger maximum ROM for MCP and PIP joint of index finger, pinky, and thumb.