Renewable Energy Sources

Introduction: To date, a variety of studies have been published on the topic of long term energy system transition. Most studies on future energy systems, however, have a shorter time frame or adopt a supranational focus (e.g. the Energy Roadmap, 2011 or the World Energy Outlook, 2015). It then constitutes a sincere challenge to perform a national energy system transition study with as time horizon 2050 and covering a far-reaching transformation of the energy system. VITO, together with the FPB (Federal Planning Bureau) and ICEDD, performed a study to scrutinise the transition of the Belgian national energy system towards a future mix entirely based on renewable energy sources. The focus on renewable energy sources and on building a national energy system completely running on renewable energy can be traced back to three main concerns: – Climate change: Renewable energy sources (RES) are a major instrument in the fight against climate change as RES do not release (net) greenhouse gas emissions. – Security...

Renewable energy scenario in India: Opportunities and challenges

As a consequence of increasing air pollution, the European Commission has decided to introduce special directives laying down the measures to achieve climate and energy neutrality. Renewable energy (RE) sources play an important role in the pursuit of these goals, which has been taken into account in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The aim of this article is to describe patterns and trends in the achievements of the energy policy of European Union (EU) countries in the field of renewable energy in sustainable development. The identification of leaders in this field gives the possibility to analyse actions taken by the governments of these countries and the possible implementation of the introduced solutions on the ground of individual Member States at the regional and national levels. At the beginning Main goal of energy policy on the field of renewable energy sources (RES) is to increase production from environmentally friendly sources that is why trends were determined in order to assess the rate of achievement of the national target for changes the share of energy from renewable sources in total gross energy consumption. Groups of similar countries were then identified on the basis of three indicators corresponding to the targets set in the climate and energy package. In the group of analysed countries, 14 have achieved the 2020 targets and 4 have exceeded the 2030 targets. The main renewable energy sources (RES) are biofuels, wind, and hydropower. In the assessment of the achievement of energy policy targets, the best situation was observed in the case of Denmark, Ireland, and the United Kingdom. These countries have significantly increased the share of renewable energy in total energy consumption. Compared to other EU countries, they have reduced the economy’s energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions the most.

A deep learning-based forecasting model for renewable energy scenarios to guide sustainable energy policy: A case study of Korea

Renewable energy (RE) has been identified as an appropriate response to climate change and fossil fuel depletion by many governmental bodies. It has shifted the energy industry towards renewable and sustainable energy systems over the last few decades. This expansion has also increased the demand of specialists for design, installation and maintenance of different RE systems. Most people working in this sector are not well trained or educated enough whereas some of them are not even aware of sustainability. This has shifted towards formulation, model, develop and incorporation of new courses and programmes that would provide sufficient knowledge and skill in the sustainable RE sector. Moreover, the implementation of these new RE courses shouldn’t be limited to engineering level but also focuses on providing basic knowledge to everyone working in this field. Hence, in the present study, two-course structures have been suggested, i.e. general course which would offer basic knowledge and awareness of different RE systems in school level (including primary, elementary, intermediate and secondary) and in the professional programmes (Industrial Training Institute (ITI), diploma, undergraduate, postgraduate and research). Moreover, adequate knowledge would be provided not only in the theoretical field but also in the practical field depending upon the level of programme. Furthermore, undergraduate, postgraduate and research levels students would be provided with a broad knowledge of science, engineering design, planning and implementation of RE systems, while ITI and diploma level would acquire skill development and training in the RE systems.

China has a huge undeveloped potential in the field of renewable energy and represents the highest nation in hydropower both in installation and generation worldwide with which contributes greatly in their energy supply and helps in elimination energy demand situation in the country to direct the energy system toward the area of sustainably, clean, and quality energy supply for its safety in the country. The manuscript discusses the current renewable energy systems in China, the potentials for various renewable energy sources, and way forward. It also discusses the expected state of renewable energy in the next four decades in China and the various strategic development techniques. The current renewable energy situations, both demand and supply situations, have been discussed. Summary of the approaches for new development by the various energy sectors in the country as well as support of the government in renewable energies has been analyzed.

Determining the strategies that Turkey need to focus at the renewable energy field is aimed in this study. For this, an integrated method called the Fuzzy Sectional SWOT consisting of the Fuzzy AHP and the Sectional SWOT methods was used. Some disadvantages of the traditional SWOT analysis are eliminated with the method used. Firstly, the renewable energy field was divided into 6 sub-sections (hyropower, solar, wind, biomass, hydrogen and geothermal) according to the logic of Sectional SWOT analysis. Then strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats for each of these sub-sections were determined using the Sectional SWOT analysis. Weights were found with the Fuzzy AHP method for each of the renewable energy sources and they were prioritized according to these weights. Finally, focus strategies related to renewable energy field for Turkey were obtained with the creation of strategies related to renewable energy sources. Consequently, the focus strategies which should be primarily addressed are related to use of renewable energy potential, social awareness about the renewable energy, government supports and incentives related to the renewable energy, selection of suitable areas for renewable energy plants and domestic production of the constituent parts of renewable energy plants.

Biomass and hydropower are the principal sources of energy in Bhutan. In the future too, the latter is expected to play a significant role in meeting the country’s electricity needs and in earning export revenue. But, for transportation and other purposes, the country still has to import fuel. It is in this context and because of the country’s high dependence on hydroelectricity, as well as due to rising energy usage and falling prices of other renewable energy commodities that it has been deemed necessary to look into other renewable energy sources to diversify the country’s energy mix and economy. Thus, in a concerted manner, the Royal Government of Bhutan (RGoB) has been exploring avenues of alternative renewable energy (ARE) sources. For this, the Department of Renewable Energy (DRE), has been entrusted with the responsibility of developing sustainable energy channels and promoting renewable energy technologies (RETs). This report analyses the achievements in the field of renewable energy in Bhutan and outlines the findings and recommendations so that the country is able to scale up its renewable energy capabilities.

The general articulation of the issue. The dominance of resource- and energy-intensive industries and technologies, raw material export orientation and excessive concentration of production in the industrial regions of Ukraine has resulted in the structure of economic development management, which is generally inefficient and environmentally dangerous. In this context, promoting the formation of renewable energy requires appropriate state support instruments to achieve the national and global goals.The analysis of the recent publications. The Ukrainian scholars M. Kuzmina, N. Malysh, S. Moskalenko, M. Pypiak, O. Stoian studied the state regulation of the sphere of alternative energy and renewable energy in particular.Identification of parts of the general problem. In order to achieve the goals of state regulation in the field of renewable energy, the competent authorities are called upon to use appropriate support tools to correct the behavior of economic entities and market results.Accordingly, the purpose of this article is to define tools to support the formation and development of renewable energy in the EU and in Ukraine in terms of integration of the energy sector of Ukraine into the European space.The key results and the background. Renewable energy in Ukraine is an important factor in the development of the national economy, which has an impact on the international dimension in improving energy security in Europe and climate change in the world.Studies of European renewable energy markets have shown that these markets are affected by special supporting instruments. In the initial stages, the relatively low investment attractiveness of required operational assistance and the use of such instruments of support as «green» tariffs, «green» allowances, «green» certificates. With the development of renewable energy technologies, the size of generation and consumption of energy from renewable energy sources, i.e. changing conditions in the RES market, support tools are also changing.Conclusions. In Ukraine, the instruments of state support for the use of energy from renewable sources have been identified as follows: «green» tariff, tax benefits, a single window of accession, simplified conditions for the construction of renewable energy facilities due to environmental impact assessment. In order to address the shortcomings in the existing instruments of support for renewable energy producers, reduce risks for investors and maintain public acceptance of renewable energy development, there is an urgent need to restructure the previously implemented support tool.The prospects of the further research include the objective to substantiate formation of the complex mechanism of development of the renewable energy field.

Review and validation of EnergyPLAN

The article examines the features of renewable energy development at the macro and micro levels in Ukraine. The role of knowledge and innovation management in the field of renewable energy has been defined. The subject of the research is the processes of knowledge and innovation management at renewable energy enterprises. The purpose of the article is to identify key factors in the development of renewable energy and approaches to knowledge and innovation management at renewable energy enterprises. General scientific methods have been used, the main of which are: system analysis – application of a comprehensive two-level approach to the analysis of the role of knowledge in the field of renewable energy and correlation and regression analysis. The following results have been obtained: based on the conducted analysis, the expediency of forming an innovation infrastructure for developing such a high-tech sector as renewable energy has been justified. The application of methods and tools of knowledge and innovation management at renewable energy enterprises has been substantiated. Recommendations concerning the formation and development of a knowledge and innovation management system at renewable energy enterprises in Ukraine have been made, as this system will increase the competitiveness of renewable energy in relation to traditional one. Conclusions: the role and features of knowledge and innovation management in renewable energy enterprises are shown. Prospects for the development of renewable energy in Ukraine on the basis of knowledge and innovation management are identified.KeywordsKnowledge managementRenewable energyInnovations

Over the past decade, Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) has become a foundational tool in energy system design. Numerous technical methodologies and algorithms are available for evaluating and designing energy systems, optimizing either single or multiple criteria. MCDM aids decision-makers (DMs) in solving complex problems, such as site and supplier selection, ranking, and assessment. This paper provides a comprehensive review of both historical and contemporary MCDM techniques referenced in the literature. India is a rapidly developing and highly populated country with a high demand for energy to sustain its economic growth. To meet this demand, the Indian government want to achieve a target to increase the share of renewable energy upto 40% of the total installed capacity by year 2030. This target is a clear indication of the potential for hybrid renewable energy in India. We select solar and wind energy sources among various renewable energy sources based on various study that choose the optimal site selection criteria among them. we provide an overview of recent research on the application of MCDM for the selection of renewable hybrid power plants and identify that social factor is one of the main criteria that play a crucial role in site selection. Several MCDM methods have been applied to the selection of renewable hybrid power plants and compare them for optimal result. The use of sustainable MCDM techniques can help in the evaluation of the suitability of the sites based on multiple criteria. It increases the flexibility and sensitivity of the decisionmaking efforts in such type of approach. This approach allows to comprehensively and effectively assess and tackle the impending issues in the field of renewable energy. These techniques can use in site selection in other industry.

Towards smart energy systems – A survey about the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on renewable energy research

RUSTEC: Greening Europe's energy supply by developing Russia's renewable energy potential

Section 1—Background The conventional energy wisdoms; Alberta, oil and the tarsands—the capital cost crunch; the national energy picture and predictions for future—beginning of the end for conventional policies in [Strategies for Self-Reliance] problems of credibility for the [nuclear solution] cases for conservation and renewable energy as real alternatives to continuing, deepening crisis. Section 2—Specific Issues and Considerations Underlying components of Canadian energy crisis—capital cost pinch; lead time pinch; over-optimistic reserve forecasting; other socio-economic, environmental and political hangups. Examples: Northern energy and Dene threat to development; vast capital costs for tarsand development; environmental and cost checks on rapid, large expansion of hydro potentials; problems for nuclear energy—CANDU and Quebec separatism; overseas sales [sweeteners]. Section 3—The Mounting Crisis Ongoing thrust of energy development versus new problems and policy rationales; particular problems for nuclear power and rapid, large expansion of open-pit coal working; infrastructure and economic-social problems decreasing credibility of nuclear power and expanded coal; lead time and consumer resistance problems for electrification; transport problems for coal; strategic and political problems for nuclear; environment problems for coal; capital cost constraints. Section 4—Conservation and Renewable Energy: the New Solution Preamble to Conservation and the New Renewable Energy Sources. Section 5—Conservation Canada's energy-inefficient society; international economic and social comparisons; potentials for eliminating/reducing demand while raising GNP and showing population growth (both at decreased relative rates); economic development stages and [decoupling] high yielding conservation sectors; quantitative summaries of potentials; policy, social and economic aspects. Section 6—The Renewable Energy Sources Reasons for optimism on renewables; advantages of renewables; solar energy; wind energy; biomass energy; quantitative summaries of potentials; cost and job impacts; conclusions regarding renewable energy sources. Section 7—Programming for Conservation and Renewable Energy Outlines for a structure on which renewables and conservation are developed.