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Is nicotine replacement really ineffective? A reply to Stanley and Massey

Guidelines for pre- and intra-operative care in gynecologic/oncology surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society recommendations — Part I

Cancer Risk Factors Among Adults with Serious Mental Illness

This open study assessed the effects of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) on the normalizing of exhaled carbon monoxide (CO), transcutaneous partial oxygen tension (tcpO 2 ), plasma cotinine and thiocyanate levels, and cardiovascular risk markers in abstinent subjects compared with untreated smokers after 4, 8, 12, and 26 weeks. The trial enrolled 197 subjects in two parallel groups: 164 subjects who received NRT (patch plus gum) for 12 weeks and 33 untreated smokers (controls). At 26 weeks, 123/164 participants in the treatment group had completed the study; 51/123 (41.5%) sustained abstinence from smoking, whereas 72/123 (58.5%) had relapsed. Changes in cotinine (abstainers: 291.6 ng/ml at baseline vs. 27.3 ng/ml at week 26; p<.0001) and thiocyanate levels (abstainers: 10.4 ng/ml at baseline vs. 6.2 ng/ml at week 26; p<.0001) and expired CO (abstainers: 30.4 ppm at baseline vs. 4.2 ppm at week 26; p<.0001) accurately reflected the changes in smoking and/or NRT use in both abstainers and relapsers. After they stopping smoking, tcpO2 significantly improved in abstainers (34.9 mmHg at baseline vs. 50.4 mmHg at week 26; p<0.0001). Inverse correlations between the number of daily cigarettes and plasma cotinine, thiocyanate, and exhaled CO levels were observed in both relapsers and smokers. A clinically significant increase in HDL cholesterol (39.0 vs. 44.7 mg/dl; p<.0001) occurred in the abstainers between baseline and study end. Use of combination NRT to achieve abstinence resulted in marked improvements in biochemical parameters in abstainers and partial improvements in relapsers. The safety of combination NRT was confirmed by the absence of overdose-related adverse events.

Ten Million Calls and Counting: Progress and Promise of Tobacco Quitlines in the U.S.

Objective:To assess the prevalence of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) use for purposes other than quitting smoking and examine the relation of this non-standard NRT use (NSNRT) with subsequent smoking cessation...

Emergency IVF versus ovarian tissue cryopreservation: decision making in fertility preservation for female cancer patients

Twenty percent of very preterm neonates (23-32 weeks of gestation) are born with bacteremia caused by genital Mycoplasmas

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Background: About 23% of the world's population smokes, which includes 32% of men with the highest prevalence coming from Indonesia and 7% are women. East Asia and Southeast Asia have the highest smoking prevalence in the world at around 45%, while in Indonesia, the problem of smoking is a serious threat due to the increasing preva­lence of smoking at 18 years of age from 7.2% to 9.1%. This study aims to analyze the magnitude of the effect of using NRT on the success of smoking cessation based on a number of previous similar studies. Subjects and Method: This research is a systematic review and meta-analysis carried out by following the PRISMA flow diagram. The process of searching for articles through a journal database which includes: Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct by selecting articles published in 2011-2020. Keywords used include: "nicotine replace­ment therapy" AND "smoker" OR "smoking" AND "smoking cessation". The inclusion criteria were a full paper article with an observational study design, English and Indonesian, and analyzed using multivariate analysis with adjusted odds ratio. Articles that meet the requirements were analyzed using the Revman 5.3 application. Results: Nine articles were reviewed in this study with a cohort study design. A meta-analysis of nine cohort studies showed that use of nicotine replacement therapy was 1.42 fold increased smoking cessation success compared to placebo (aOR 1.42; 95% CI 1.14 to 1.76; p <0.002). Conclusion: Nicotine replacement therapy improves smoking cessation success. Keyword s : nicotine replacement therapy, smoking cessation Correspondence: Lina Eta Safitri. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: Linaetasafitri_96@student.uns.ac.id Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2021), 06(01): 21-32 https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2021.06.01.03

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist to induce final oocyte maturation prevents the development of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in high-risk patients and leads to improved clinical outcomes compared with coasting

Manipulation of the Microbiota for Treatment of IBS and IBD—Challenges and Controversies

Objective: Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is recommended as a frontline smoking cessation tool for people attending mental health and substance dependence treatment services. Previous research suggests that NRT is underutilized in these settings. To improve the use of NRT among people attending residential treatment for substance use disorders, it is important that the factors influencing smokers’ decisions to use NRT are understood. The study aimed to examine (1) smoking cessation strategies used by participants in previous quit attempts, (2) participants’ attitudes toward NRT (i.e., safety concerns and perceived efficacy), and (3) the predictors of participants’ intention to use NRT to support future quit attempts. Methods: Participants completed a cross-sectional survey that examined their smoking behaviors, previous experiences using smoking cessation strategies, attitudes and beliefs regarding NRT, and intention to use NRT as part of future quit attempts (N = 218). All participants were attending residential treatment for substance use disorders provided by We Help Ourselves, a large provider of specialist alcohol and other drug treatment in Australia. Results: The majority of respondents (98%) reported that they had smoked regularly in their lifetime, and 89% were current smokers. Forty-five percent of the current smokers reported that they had previously used NRT to support a quit attempt, with 54% reporting that they intended to use NRT to support a future quit attempt. Intentions to use NRT were not related to the participants’ mental health status or the participants’ perceptions regarding the safety or potential drawbacks associated with using NRT. However, participants were more likely to report that they would use NRT to support future quit attempts if they were female, had previously used NRT, and perceived NRT to be effective. Conclusions: Improving the use of evidence-based smoking cessation strategies within substance use treatment continues to be a priority. To enhance the use of NRT among consumers attending mental health and addiction treatment services, NRT should be universally offered. Future research should consider strategies that help to improve participants’ positive perceptions regarding the efficacy of NRT.