Repositioning postnatal care in a high HIV environment: Swaziland

Background: In Maiduguri, the utilization of available postnatal care services is still very low. This may be influenced by demographic, socioeconomic, cultural, and obstetric factors among others. Objective: The aim of this study is to understand the current status of utilization of maternal postnatal health care services and identify factors responsible for under.utilization of available postnatal care services in Maiduguri. Materials and Methods: A. cross.sectional, questionnaire.based study was conducted involving 350 women in their reproductive age group. (15.49. years), who had delivered previously, residing in Maiduguri and who came to access any of the available maternal health care services at the State Specialist Hospital, Maiduguri over a 3.month period. The Chi.squared statistics and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used. Results: Out of the grand total of 350 questionnaires that were distributed during the study period, 18 questionnaires were excluded from analysis due to incomplete responses, 332 with complete responses were therefore analyzed, giving a response rate of 94.9%. The results showed that only 16.9% of the respondents attended postnatal care services within 42. days after delivery. Most of the mothers. (60.9%) were not knowledgeable about postnatal care services. A. very high proportion of participants. (69.4%) did not attend antenatal clinics, and over. 70% of the study population had delivered at home. The study has identified some factors that have an important influence on utilization of postnatal care services in Maiduguri. These included awareness of postnatal care services. (odds ratio. [OR] 12.04, 95% confidence interval. [CI]: 10.26, P =. 0.000), higher educational status of the woman. (OR 7.15, 95% CI: 5.19, P =0.000), lower parity. (OR 5.22, 95% CI: 3.21, P = 0.001) and marital status. (married woman.OR 3.44, 95% CI: 2.17, P =0.002). Educational attainment of the husband also significantly affected the respondents' seeking behavior of postnatal care. (OR 2.01, 95% CI: 1.13, P =0.042). Conclusion: Utilization of postnatal care services is quite low in Maiduguri. Socioeconomic and sociodemographic factors influenced the use of postnatal care services. Government should provide culturally acceptable health educational programs and expands maternal health care services into the communities for the better, effective and efficient health care delivery.

Introduction: Immediate Postpartum Family Planning (PPFP) is the initiation of Family Planning (FP) methods within 48 hours after delivery; It focuses on preventing unintended births and short inter-birth intervals. This is a main public health concern, as 20 % of obstetrical deaths are related to short inter-birth intervals. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of immediate postpartum family planning use and associated factors among postpartum women in Nyabihu district. Methods: A health facility-based cross-sectional study design was used to identify the factors associated with immediate post-partum family Planning utilization by women in Nyabihu District from January �to June 2021. Secondary data on social demographic and obstetric characteristics were extracted from health facility medical records. The data were entered in Excel and exported in STATA for analysis. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify associated factors. P values < 0.05 with a 95% confidence level were used to declare statistical significance. Results: Of the 1682 of postpartum women, 38.05% accept immediate postpartum family planning. Having an antenatal care visit (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) =7.7 (95%CI, 4.3-13.5), previous use of family planning (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.4(95%CI, 2.3-5.03)), being married (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.9 (1.07 - 3.5) ,having a university level of education (AOR) = 13(2.1-81), having 30-39 years AOR = 0.4 (0.2 - 0.7), being in Ubudehe cat 3 AOR =5.4 (2.1 - 12.2) and having more than 5 children AOR = 9.2 (5.1-16) were significantly associated with utilization of Immediate postpartum family planning. Conclusion: This study showed the low prevalence of immediate postpartum family in Nyabihu district. Therefore, strengthening family planning counseling during antenatal and postnatal care visits, improving utilization of postnatal care services, and improving women�s educational status are crucial steps to enhance contraceptive use among postpartum women.

The subject of the study is the anxiety-depressive symptoms of women in the postpartum period. The aim of the study is to identify the interrelationships of anxiety-depressive symptoms of women in the postpartum period and the type of their attitude to pregnancy. The author identified differences in anxiety-depressive symptoms of women with different types of residence and the use of maternity care. The results on the relationship of anxiety and depression with the type of attitude to pregnancy of women in the postpartum period were obtained. Research methodology: typology of the psychological component of the gestational dominant I.V. Dobryakova. Empirical basis of the study: the study was conducted on the basis of the Altai Regional Clinical Center for Maternal and Child Health with women in the early postpartum period.The existence of interrelations between the appearance of anxiety-depressive symptoms of women in the postpartum period and the type of attitude to pregnancy is theoretically substantiated and empirically proven. Qualitative characteristics of differences in the type of attitude to pregnancy of women with different types of residence and the use of maternity care are determined. The main conclusions of the study are : Anxious symptoms in the postpartum period are more typical for women from rural areas; Women who have undergone natural childbirth are more likely to experience depression and anxiety in the postpartum period; Rural women are more characterized by a hypogestognosic type of attitude to pregnancy, urban women - a depressive type of attitude to pregnancy; Anxious and depressive types of attitude to pregnancy associated with fears, expressed fears, tearfulness are risk factors for the development of anxiety-depressive symptoms in women in the postpartum period.

The purpose of this study was to develop the frame for standardized manual for Sanhujoriwon by finding out the status of the management of women & newborn in Sanhujoriwon, like postpartum care center. The subjects were 95 staffs of 22 Sanhujoriwon agreed on oral consent, in Seoul and Bundang, Korea. Data were collected from Sep. 15 to Oct. 24, 2001. The instrument used for this study was a structured questionnaire consisted of 16 items of general characteristics & educational characteristics about postpartum care, 31 items of degree of management of women's postpartum care (Cronbach's .93 ), 24 items of degree of management of newborn's care(Cronbach's .94 ), 10 items of methods of management of women's postpartum care, 8 items of methods management of newborn's care. The data were analyzed by the SPSS/PC+ program using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results of the study were as follows ; 1. The mean of the degree of management for postpartum women was 4.1. The mean score for the degree of management of general postpartum care for women was 4.00 & traditional postpartum care(Sanhujori) was 4.20. The degree of management of traditional postpartum care was higher than general postpartum care for women. 2. The degree of management for newborn : The mean score for the degree of management of newborn was 4.37. 3.There was a strong positive correlation between general postpartum care and traditional postpartum care(), and postpartum mother care and newborn care(). 4.The basic frame for the management of the women and newborn in Sanhujoriwon. 1) For women: Integrated postpartal care Physical management : Vital sign & BP check, contraction of uterus, form and amount of lochia, management of personal hygiene, management of breast & breast-feeding, management of postpartum exercise, prevention of infection, symptom & sign of high risk and prevention & management of high risk condition; Emotional-psychological management: assessment and management of mother-baby attachment, emotional state; Educational management : education of vaccination schedule, urinary incontinence, rearing infant, breast-feeding ; and Environmental management : temperature, humidity, disinfection, cleaning, light, infection control integrated with 6 principles of Sanhujori. 2) For newborn Physical management : check of vital sign, management of umbilical cord, jaundice, prevention of infection, management of diaper rash; Emotional-psychological management : assessment of sleep, crying, activity, response of mother-baby attachment; and Environmental management : temperature, humidity, disinfection, cleaning, light, infection control integrated with 6 principles of Sanhujori. In conclusion Sanhujoriwon must be health care center for the postpartum women and newborn. Therefore, the establishment of various laws and regulations in such a way to meet the realistic needs of Sanhujoriwon as a health care center for women and infants future health should be done. The standardized management manual based on the results is absolutely required above all.

BackgroundContraception allows women to realize their human right to decide if and when to have children and helps people to attain their desired family size. Yet 214 million women of a reproductive age in developing countries who want to avoid pregnancy are not using a modern contraceptive method. Women who have recently given birth are among the group with the highest unmet need for contraception. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the prevalence of postpartum family planning use and associated factors among postpartum women in Southern Ethiopia.MethodsInstitution based cross-sectional study design was conducted. A structured and pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data from study participants. Study participants were selected using a systematic random sampling technique by allocating proportionally to each health facility. The data was entered using EPI data version 3.1statistical software and exported to Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22.0 for further analysis. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify associated factors. P values < 0.05 with 95% confidence level was used to declare statistica significance.ResultOverall, 44% of postpartum women utilize postpartum family planning. Having an antenatal care visit [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) =1.89(95%CI, 2.42–7.90), having planned pregnancy [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.17(95%CI, 1.60–2.28)], being married (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) =2.86(1.94–8.73), and having a college and above level educational status (AOR) =1.66(1.28–3.55) were significantly associated with utilization of postpartum family planning.ConclusionThis study showed that the prevalence of postpartum family planning was 44%. Marital status, educational status of mothers, the status of pregnancy, and having an antenatal care follow-up during pregnancy were some factors associated with postpartum family planning utilization. Therefore, strengthening family planning counselling during antenatal and postnatal care visits, improving utilization of postnatal care services and improving women’s educational status are crucial steps to enhance contraceptive use among postpartum women.

Although pregnant and postpartum women are presumed to be at greater risk of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) than the general population, the evidence has been inconclusive. This meta-analysis provides an estimate of OCD prevalence in pregnant and postpartum women and synthesizes the evidence that pregnant and postpartum women are at greater risk of OCD compared to the general population. An electronic search of Google Scholar, PsycINFO, PsychARTICLES, and PubMed was performed by using the search terms OCD, obsessive-compulsive disorder, pregnancy, postpartum, prevalence, and epidemiology. We supplemented our search with articles referenced in the obtained sources. The search was conducted until August 2012 without date restrictions. We included English-language studies reporting OCD prevalence (diagnosed according to DSM-III-R, DSM-IV, or ICD-10 criteria) in pregnant (12 studies) or postpartum (up to 12 months; 7 studies) women using structured diagnostic interviews. We also included a sample of regionally matched control studies (10 studies) estimating 12-month prevalence in the general female population for comparison. The control studies were limited to those conducted during the same time frame as the pregnant and postpartum studies. We extracted author name, year of publication, diagnostic measure, sample size, diagnostic criteria, country, assessment time, subject population, and the point prevalence of OCD. Mixed- and random-effects models revealed an increase in OCD prevalence across pregnancy and the postpartum period with the lowest prevalence in the general population (mean = 1.08%) followed by pregnant (mean = 2.07%) and postpartum women (mean = 2.43%). An exploratory analysis of regionally matched risk-ratios revealed both pregnant (mean = 1.45) and postpartum (mean = 2.38) women to be at greater risk of experiencing OCD compared to the general female population, with an aggregate risk ratio of 1.79. Pregnant and postpartum women are more likely to experience OCD compared to the general population.

Background: Postnatal care is a care provided to postpartum mothers after the delivery of child for at least 42 days. Postnatal care services play an important role in improving maternal and newborn health and prevent long- term complications. Objectives: The study aimed to assess the utilization of postnatal care services among postpartum mothers in Janaki rural municipality of Banke district. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 203 postpartum mothers who had children less than 12 months. Proportionate stratified random sampling method was used to reach the sample. Interview schedule as structured questionnaire was used as a data collection tool. Data was entered and analyzed in SPSS v.16. Descriptive statistics was computed to describe socio-demographic profile of participants and factors related to postnatal care utilization. Univariate logistic regression analysis was done to identify the most independent factors related postnatal care utilization. Result: A total of 203 postpartum mothers who had child less than 12 months were enrolled in the study. The prevalence of the low postnatal service utilization was 82%. The mean age with standard deviation of the respondents was 24.55+ 3.95. There was no statistical association between postnatal care utilization and sociodemographic variables. No health service received after delivery (p&lt;0.001) was found statistically significant with low utilization of postnatal care services. Conclusion: The study concluded that low utilization of the postnatal care services was high. Providing awareness on importance of postnatal care services during antenatal care visit and increasing the availability and accessibility of health care to postnatal women is crucial. Strengthening the health services and empowering the mother’s groups to increase postnatal care services is a key intervention to increase services.

Background Postnatal care (PNC) is essential for ensuring the optimal health of women and their newborns. In Africa, most mothers and newborn do not visit healthcare facilities following childbirth despite the fact that majority of maternal and neonatal deaths occur during this period. Regardless the the existence of several programs for improving maternal and child health, the utilization of PNC yet remains low. The objective of this study was to assess the experiences and perceptions of women on postnatal care services utilization. Methodology A qualitative study design was used. The study was conducted in Nachingwea district. Women who delivered children within one year before the study and reside in Nachingwea district were recruited from Nachingwea district hospital and Naipanga dispensary. The selection was based on their age, education and parity. IDIs and FGDs were used. Qualitative content analysis was used for analysis. Results Sixty-six (66) women who brought their babies to PNC services for immunization and growth monitoring participated in the study. Sixteen (16) IDIs and seven FGDs were conducted. Upon analysis of data, three main categories that explain the experiences and perceptions of women on postnatal care services utilization were generated. These categories are women’s experiences on postnatal care services utilization; perceived benefits of postnatal care services utilization, and, perceived barriers towards PNC services utilization. Women had negative experience and perceptions regarding PNC services utilization and they did not understand the advantages of PNC services to them, except for their children. Conclusion Women’s negative perceptions on PNC services utilization were revealed. Women did not understand the benefits of PNC services to them, except for their children. Barriers such as health systems, socio economic and cultural factors also affected PNC utilization. The government should improve PNC services through health education, promotion interventions aiming at PNC utilization. Improvements should address the availability and accessibility of services and importance of PNC services for both mother and her newborn in reducing maternal and newborn morbidity and mortality during postnatal period. Key words: Experiences, Perceptions, Postnatal Care, Nachingwea District, newborn.

Introduction: This study assessed the effect of perceived factors on the utilisation of postnatal care services by nursing and postpartum mothers in Gwer-East Local Government Area of Benue State. Five objectives were set in the study. Five research questions and five hypotheses were postulated to guide the study. Methodology: The study employed a descriptive survey research design. The population of the study comprised all the nursing mothers attending routine immunisation or other healthcare services with their children in Gwer-East Local Government Area. Total Population Sampling technique was used in the study to sample 198 nursing mothers for the study. The instrument used for data collection was a structured questionnaire designed by the researcher and titled Utilisation of Postnatal Care Services Questionnaire (UPCSQ). Data for this research was obtained through the administration of the questionnaire on respondents. Hand delivery method was used for both the distribution and collection of the questionnaires. The researcher used binary logistic regression to analyse the data at 0.05 level of significance. Results: age [15 – 25 yrs (aOR:8.0, 95%CI: 4.2 – 44.2, p&lt;0.05); 26 – 35 yrs (aOR:6.7, 95%CI: 4.5 – 16.9, p&lt;0.05); 36 – 45 yrs (aOR:2.8, 95%CI: 0.8 – 10.2, p&lt;0.05)]; place of residence [Rural (aOR:0.36, 95%CI: 0.01 – 0.12, p&lt;0.05)]; employment status [unemployed (aOR:0.192, 95%CI: 0.079 –.465, p&lt;0.05); Employed (aOR: 1.117, 95%CI: 0.525 – 2.378, p&gt;0.05); Contract Worker (aOR: 1.203, 95%CI: 0.481 – 3.012, p&gt;0.05)]; level of education [No Formal (aOR:0.001, 95%CI: 0.00 – , p&gt;0.05); Primary (aOR:0.85, 95%CI: 019 – .379, p&lt;0.05); Secondary (aOR:0.220, 95%CI: 0. 084 – .576, p&lt;0.05)]; level of income [Low (aOR:0.032, 95%CI: 0.010 – 0.105, p&lt;0.05); Middle (aOR:0.66, 95%CI: 0.029 – 1.151, p&lt;0.05)] have a significant effect on utilisation of postnatal care services by postpartum mothers. Recommendations: Government effort to strengthen postnatal care utilisation should focus on universal coverage by addressing financial barriers to vulnerable groups, quality improvement to increase women’s satisfaction and carry the less privilege along and integration programmes to maximize the contact between women and health care services during and after delivery and to enhance economic development. Index Terms: Utilisation, Postnatal Care Services, Nursing Mothers, Postpartum Mothers, Perception.

India has made tremendous progress in reducing MMR by 92 per cent since 2020, but still efforts are required to achieve the new SDG target. Vijayanagara district of Karnataka is a district of Kalyan Karnataka with poor maternal and infant health practices according to National family health survey V report. Hence the present study was conducted with the objective to assess the utilization of post-natal services (PNC) and study the factors influencing utilization of postnatal care services. A community based cross sectional study was conducted in the year 2021-23 in Vijayanagar district on a sample of 810 mothers within 3 months of delivery. Pre-tested questionnaire was used to elicit the information on utilization of postnatal care services and demographic information. SES scale by Agarwala et al. 2005 was used. Data was analyzed using SPSS package Version 26. Results revealed that the overall prevalence of utilization of postnatal care services was 32.46 per cent out of 810 mothers. Mothers between 29 to 32 years had utilized postnatal care services, mothers from middle SES (46.50 %) group, who had ANC attendance, who had knowledge on PNC services (36.30 %) were utilized all the recommended PNC services. Socioeconomic status, age of mother, number of ANC visits and knowledge on postnatal care services were found to be significant factors affecting postnatal care services utilization. The study revealed low level of utilization of postnatal care services among mother (32.46 %). This emphasizes the need to educate pregnant and lactating mothers regarding the importance of PNC services.

This study aimed to determine prevalence of postpartum dyspareunia and related factors.In cross-sectional and descriptive study, a questionnaire was used to collect data. Universe of the study was composed of all women in the first postpartum one year, Sampling consisted of 246 women in postpartum one-year period admitted to public healtcare centers in Konya, Turkey.While the rates of experiencing dispareunia were 20.8% in prenatal period, 22.9% during pregnancy and 36.6% in the first intercourse after delivery, the rate was found as 41.5% in postpartum period. According to the results of logistic regression analysis; decision given by partners to start intercourse, worrying about intercourse, having challenges with the partner and experiencing dispareunia during pregnancy were found to be important risk factors. Dyspareunia seems to be a major challenge affecting the sexual life of women in postpartum period. During postpartum follow-ups, and training and counseling may be suggested.

Improving maternal and newborn health through proper postnatal care services under the care of skilled health personnel is the key strategy to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality. However, there were limited evidences on utilization of postnatal care services in Ethiopia. A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in Debremarkos town, Northwest Ethiopia. Cluster sampling technique was used to select 588 study participants. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with postnatal care utilization. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was computed to determine the level of significance. Postnatal care service utilization was found to be 33.5%. Awareness about maternal complication (AOR: 2.72, 95% CI (1.71, 4.34)), place of delivery of last child (AOR: 1.68, 95% CI: (1.01, 2.79)), outcome of birth (AOR: 2.71, 95% CI (1.19, 6.19)), delivery by cesarean section (AOR: 4.82, 95% CI (1.86, 12.54)), and delivery complication that occurred during birth (AOR: 2.58, 95% CI (1.56, 4.28)) were factors associated with postnatal care service utilization. Postnatal care service utilization was found to be low. Increasing awareness about postnatal care, preventing maternal and neonatal complication, and scheduling mothers based on the national postnatal care follow-up protocol would increase postnatal care service utilization.

Background: Postnatal careis one of the most important maternal health-care interventions for prevention of illnesses and deaths during the postnatal period. Globally, more than 350,000 women die annually from complications during pregnancy or childbirth, almost all of them (99%) in developing countries. In Ethiopia, utilization of postnatal care service is very low due to various factors and these problems significantly hold back the goal of decreasing maternal mortality. Objective: To asses postnatal care service utilization and associated factors among mothers in Lemo Woreda, Hadiya Zone, South Ethiopia. Methods: A community based cross sectional study which is supplemented by qualitative method was employed from March to April, 2015. A total 352 mothers who gave birth 12 months prior to the study period were selected by using random sampling technique. Structured questionnaires and focus group discussion guideline were used to collect data. Data were entered into EPI info version 3.1 and exported into SPSS version 16.0 for the quantitative study and thematic framework analysis was applied to the qualitative portion. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression model were used to isolate independent predictors of postnatal care service utilization. Results: The prevalence of postnatal care services utilization was 51.4%. The most cited reasons for not obtaining postnatal care services were lack of knowledge on benefits of postnatal care (59%), being busy on other family matters (38.6%) and socio-cultural practices during puerperium (20.4%). The predicted probabilities, using multivariable logistic regression, showed that maternal knowledge on postnatal danger signs (AOR=4.46, 95% CI: (2.15, 9.24), previous experience of obstetric complication (AOR=4.52, 95% CI: (1.63, 12.54) , antenatal care visit (AOR=6.34, 95% CI: (2.33, 17.23), place of delivery (AOR: 7.94, 95% CI: (3.12, 20.18), and socio-cultural practices during puerperium (AOR: 0.07, 95% CI: (0.02, 0.24) were factors found to be significantly associated with postnatal care services utilization. Conclusion and recommendations: In this study postnatal care service utilization was found to be higher as compared to findings of some other studies conducted in the country. Developing targeted public education campaign strategies about the benefits and timing of postnatal care in a sustainable manner is an important interventional package. More over engaging community influential members in the promotional activities about the use of institutional delivery and devise educational or behavior change strategies that discourage harmful traditional practices during puerperium can be some of the essential interventions to be done at different levels.

Background: India has made tremendous progress in reducing MMR by77 % since 1990, but still efforts are required to keep it up to achieve the new SDG target. Postnatal care is one of the interventions that can help the country to realize this aspiration. Present study is done to highlight this aspect of maternal care. Aims and Objectives: To assess utilization of postnatal care services among women residing in urban slums of Dehradun and factors affecting it. Materials and methods: A community based cross-sectional study was carried out among recently delivered mothers, residing in urban slums. 488 women were studied by systematic random sampling with the help of pre-tested questionaire. Data analysis was done using statistical software. Results: Out of 488 women, 52.5% received postnatal care at least once within first 48 hours of delivery. Only 76(15.5%) received all recommended PNC visits. 83(17%) reported to have some health problems after delivery. Socio-economic status, Education, number of ANC visits, place of delivery, type of delivery, and perceived health problem after delivery were found to be significant factors affecting postnatal care utilization. Conclusion: The study shows low level of complete utilization of postnatal care among women. Therefore, mothers should be educated about its importance to reduce both maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality.

During pregnancy or postpartum period many women will experience some degree of pelvic girdle pain (PGP). In India, there is no information about the PGP prevalence and its associated factors evaluated during postpartum period. Purpose: To reveal the prevalence of PGP postpartum in Indian women and identify associated factors with PGP postpartum. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 284 postpartum women completed a questionnaire and underwent clinical examinations. The clinical examination included pain provocation tests for the pelvic as well as the active straight leg raise (ASLR) test. Possible associating factors were studied by using nonparametric tests and logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 116 postpartum women (41%) had reported PGP at the time of the examination. A stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed to reveal associated factors. In the final model, factors such as (1) Caesarean delivery (adjusted OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.3–4.9); (2) ASLR test score ≥4 (adjusted OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.2–3.3); (3) Unilateral P4 test (adjusted OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1–3.0); and (4) Sitting position during feeding (adjusted OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 0.9–2.8) were associated with the PGP. Conclusion: We found a high prevalence of PGP in Indian women during the first three months of postpartum period. Our finding suggests that unilateral posterior pelvic pain provocation test (P4), ASLR test score ≥4, caesarean section delivery and sitting in breast-feeding posture were associated with increased risk of PGP during postpartum.