Research note: Protected area labels as brands in tourism

As a result of several questions and difficulties of some authors in understanding the difference between complete article and scientific note, as well as what is a review article, the objective of this editorial note is to clarify to editors, authors and readers of the Revista de Ciencias Agroveterinarias a the types of articles that are published in this journal. It is also included that this journal will standardize the types of articles, from 2018, as Research Article (full article), Research Note (scientific note) and Review Article (literature review). In addition, this journal publishes communications of the publishers as Nota Editorial. The three types of articles published by the journal, Research Article, Research Note and Review Article, are scientific articles derived from research conducted by the authors. Research articles and research notes are usually derived from original experimental research and, therefore, based on results obtained experimentally by the authors. Review articles are derived from non-experimental research, that is, not based on results obtained experimentally, but rather based on the knowledge (results and conclusions) generated so far on a given subject. Research article and research note are therefore similar according to their empirical basis. However, there are differences between these two types of articles that go beyond the extension of the text. Research notes are short, short texts with small results, but that generate unprecedented conclusion (s) as a result of a new fact discovered by the authors. In this way, its publication is justified due to the importance of the discovery, that is, of the scientific knowledge generated, even though there is not a large volume of results. Research articles are, in turn, longer texts, with greater volume of results, which also generate unprecedented conclusions as a result of new scientific discoveries. Therefore, it should be clear that research articles and research notes are equally important in the construction of scientific knowledge. Thus, an article with a small volume of results, in which the authors increase the information of the introduction and the discussion, in order to increase the number of pages, will not, in essence, be a complete article (Research Paper). Nor will a full article whose text is lean be characterized as a scientific note (Research Note), because its essence is not the same. So while overall articles are generally longer than scientific notes, it is not the number of pages that defines what is one and what is another. Review article, in turn, is not limited to the presentation (or meeting) of the scientific knowledge generated so far in a single article. Structurally, review articles are similar to full papers or scientific notes, presenting the justification, the objective, the methodology, the results (referring to the knowledge generated so far), the discussion (which is the author's critical view on the generated knowledge) and the conclusion (which is the unpublished scientific knowledge generated by the author, based on the scientific knowledge we had so far). Therefore, a review article should generate new scientific knowledge, not just gather information (knowledge) already present in the literature. Another type of scientific paper explored most recently is the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis is a synthesis of previous research on a (often polemical) subject, which emphasizes the production of quantitative conclusions, aiming at extracting additional information from pre-existing data through the union of the results of several works and the application of a or more statistical techniques (UFSM 2017). Meta-analysis is not derived from an original research, but from the analysis of previously published research, and therefore is included as Review Article. It is hoped, in conclusion, that the doubts regarding the articles published by the Revista de Ciencias Agroveterinarias have been remedied and that this brief note will help the writing of future works to be submitted and published in this journal.

For most of its 44 years, Boundary-Layer Meteorology has published Research Articles, Research Notes, and occasional Comments and Replies in hard-copy issues, but only in recent years has online publication become a reality. The online publication now precedes the appearance of articles in regular issues by several months and significantly expedites the delivery of new research results to journal readers. As of January 2015, in line with many science journals, includingmany of those published by Springer, we have added to our journal a new category of articles—Research Letters. This category is designed to provide a more rapid route to online publication with an initial review period of no more than one month. Boundary-Layer Meteorology now includes threemain sections—Research Letters,Research Articles, and Notes and Comments. As with its host publication, Research Letters serves as an outlet for the exchange of ideas among scientists representing a variety of disciplines, all with an interest in boundary-layer meteorology and working on related research problems. In addition to rapid online publication, accepted Research Letters will appear within regular issues of Boundary-Layer Meteorology ahead of Research Articles and Notes and Comments to signify the importance of Research Letters as prestigious scientific publications. The Research Letters section comprises short articles whose value is enhanced by rapid dissemination. They report on, (i) new findings of timely and compelling interest to the boundary-layer meteorological research community; (ii) notable early results from experimental, observational, model, and theoretical studies that are specifically suitable for brief communication; (iii) preliminary researchfindings likely to be highly valuable to the scientific community; (iv) significant extensions of earlier work. The Letters format is chosen, on the one hand, to ensure the immediate influence of the reported results on ongoing research and, on the other hand, to expose these results to prompt assessment by peers. This format underlies the potential of Research Letters to stimulate novel directions in boundary-layer meteorolog-

I. “On some Varieties of Tannin.” By John Stenhouse, LL. D., F. R. S. (See p. 401.) II. “On Larixinic Acid, a crystallizable volatile principle found in the Bark of the Larch Tree” ( Pinus Larix , Linn.). By John Stenhouse, LL. D., F. R. S. (See p. 405.) III. “On the Great Magnetic Disturbance of August 28 to September 7, 1859, as recorded by Photography at the Kew Observatory.” By Balfour Stewart, Esq., A. M. (See p. 407.) IV. “On the Aquiferous and Oviducal System in the Lamellibranchiate Mollusks.” By George Rolleston, M. D., and C. Robertson, Esq. (See p. 411.) V. “Notes of Researches on the Poly-Ammonias.”—No. XVI. Triatomic Ammonias. By A. W. Hofmann, LL. D., F. R. S. (See p. 413.) VI. “Notes of Researches on the Poly-Ammonias.”—No.XVII. Mixed Triammonias containing Monatomic and Diatomic Radicals. By A. W. Hofmann, LL. D., F. R. S. (See p. 420.) VII. “Notes of Researches on the Poly-Ammonias.”—No. XVIII. Tetrammonium Compounds. By A. W. Hofmann, LL. D., F. R. S. (See p. 423.) VIII. “On the Lead-Zinc and Bismuth-Zinc Alloys.” By A. Matthiessen, Esq., F. R. S., and M. von Bose. (See p. 430.) IX. “On some Gold-Tin Alloys.” By A. Matthiessen, Esq., F. R. S., and M. von Bose. (See p. 433.) X. “On the Sensory, Motory, and Vaso-motory Symptoms resulting from the Refrigeration of the Ulnar Nerve.” By Augustus Waller, M. D., F. R. S. (See p. 436.) XI. “Note on the Oxidation and Disoxidation effected by the Peroxide of Hydrogen.” By B. C. B rodie, Esq., F. R. S., Professor of Chemistry in the University of Oxford. (See p. 442.)

Integrated regional planning for sustainable tourism - research note - cutting edge section

PurposeWhat role do consumers play in constructing their own luxury experiences? Challenging the dominant product-focus in luxury conceptualizations, this research note conceptualizes agentic luxury in the context of luxury services. Drawing on extant luxury research, the purpose of this article is to develop how consumers may take on more active roles in enacting their own luxury services experiences.Design/methodology/approachThis research note is conceptual but builds on managerial insights from the luxury service sector to conceptualize the concept of agentic luxury.FindingsOur research note develops a conceptual definition of agentic luxury and provides seven research propositions for its impact on luxury service encounters. These propositions detail how consumers engage in constructing their luxury experience; the roles of consumers and luxury service providers in the experience; and boundary conditions of agentic luxury. The authors further develop the role of customer-as-designer and highlight similarities and differences for agentic luxury between luxury goods and services.Practical implicationsThe authors combine the recognized specificities of the largely goods-dominated luxury sector with service research to show how luxury service providers can engage customers for more complete and engaging luxury service experiences.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this research note is the first to conceptualize agentic luxury. The authors show how agentic luxury fills a gap in the current literature, and our propositions advance the relevance of agentic luxury for luxury service research.

Gelidium corneum films were prepared using cinnamaldehyde as a cross-linking agent and their physical properties were determined. Tensile strength (TS) value of the film containing 0.01% cinnamaldehyde was higher than the control by 8.31 ㎫. However, increasing cinnamaldehyde from 0.01% to 0.1% significantly decreased TS from 9.54 ㎫ to 0.03 ㎫, and no film was formed at 1% cinnamaldehyde. On the contrary, when cinnamaldehyde content was increased from 0.01% to 0.1%, % elongation was increased from 1.44% to 2.75%. Water vapor permeability (WVP) of the film containing 0% and 0.01% cinnamaldehyde were 1.64 ng m/㎡sPa and 1.42 ng m/㎡sPa, respectively. There was no significant difference in Hunter values among treatments. Scanning electron microscopy results revealed that both cinnamaldehyde and control films had similar surfaces. These results suggest that 1.5% Gelidium corneum treated with 0.01% cinnamaldehyde should be the most suitable condition for film formation.

Online research methods have become increasingly important over the past decades. However, there is still a lack of research on the potential advantages and disadvantages of certain qualitative online research methods. This research note discusses key aspects of conducting synchronous text-based online focus groups and provides researchers with practical advice on their preparation and implementation. It draws on experience from a study conducted in Germany that used both face-to-face and online focus groups to explore consumer attitudes and preferences toward palm oil. While synchronous text-based online focus groups are cost-efficient and convenient, relevant challenges related to group size and composition, technical issues, the discussion process, and the lack of control of the environment have to be considered. The research note concludes that the opportunity to search the internet for information during discussion makes this method rather unsuitable for elicitating participants’ knowledge and attitudes.

On 10/14/2020, the author wrote his first research note on his developed linear elastic glucose theory (LEGT). Over the past 5+ months, he has continuously conducted his research on this subject, where he completed his research note on a summary report, No. 415, LEGT Part 26 on 3/15/2021. In the LEGT research note, No. 416, Part 27, he applied simple geometry to derive a set of equations in estimating the average LEGT sensor PPG and LEGT finger PPG values known as Equation A, which were based on values of P1, P2, and P3. In the current research note, No. 418, Part 28, he derived another set of equations for the same two PPG values known as Equation B, which were based on values of Weight or FPG, carbs/sugar intake amount, and post-meal walking k-steps. In summary, similar to the Young’s modulus of engineering materials, the GH.p-Modulus for diet is the most important GH-Modulus of biomedicine applications. This is related to and dependent on the patient’s overall metabolic conditions, age, lifestyle, health, medical diseases, types of food, amount of carbs/sugar intake, and to some degree the chosen time-window for certain analyses. Nevertheless, its linear and elastic behaviors and general glucose characteristics are quite comparable to the Young’s modulus of stress and strain in theory of elasticity of engineering. All of the author’s collected glucose data to date present their behaviors within the defined “elastic” region. Therefore, his developed LEGT would be useful for other type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients to control their diabetes conditions.

The burgeoning vogue of over the top (OTT) media in India has amplified the competition in the Indian entertainment industry, trying its best to win over the viewers by understanding their buyology. However, capturing the sentiments and expectations attached with rapidly changing entertainment choices and preferences of the OTT viewers is beyond understanding consumer buyology. Literary sources highlighted that there are various studies on social media catering to distinct perspectives. However, studies focusing on social listening in the OTT industry’s context are limited. Hence, there is a void in the ideologies and theoretical contribution on social listening concerning the OTT industry. This research note, perhaps formulated for massive research on social media in OTT, attempted to introduce the 4Rs of social listening such as, reach & enquire; relate & evolve; respond & engage; and relationship building & emotional connect.

In federal states, constituent units play an important role in affordable housing policy. Nevertheless, insights into affordable housing policy in federations are lacking. To lay the grounds for future research about an increasingly salient policy field, this research note explores the degree of de/centralization in affordable housing policy in Australia, Austria, Canada, and Germany, focusing on the two main policy instruments: social housing and the housing allowance. The research note develops an analytical framework that allows the examination of the relative significance of the federal government and the constituent units, and it applies this framework to the four countries. The research note highlights that legislative authority often does not fully capture the degree of de/centralization. Governments’ decision to provide a policy instrument, the relative importance of policy instruments, the provision of conditional grants, and the existence of a functional division of powers must also be considered.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the present research note is to give an overview of research in the field of risk management in leasing SMEs as well as to present fields for future research. It intends to encourage other researchers to fill the current gap in research on risk management in general and on risk management in (German leasing) SMEs in particular. DESIGN/METHOD: The research note is based on interviews with 40 German leasing firms, thereof 35 SMEs. Qualitative research was chosen due to the nascent knowledge area and to explore cause-effect- -relationships as well as to gain a deeper understanding of the practical requirements on risk management. RESULTS/FINDINGS: A research framework was presented based on the findings of the literature review. Based on the interviews, the framework could be drilled down into more operative, leasing-specific topics. Amongst others, it could be found that the risk management organisation is greatly shaped by the underlying risk strategy, the motivation for risk management, as well as the essential risks. These three elements form the basis for the operative and strategic risk management practice. Furthermore, it was differentiated in the different lifecycle phases of risk management. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The presented research note is based on the first known research in the field of risk management for German leasing SMEs with a comparable number of interviews. Therefore, this research note includes a high degree of novelty. Adapting the findings in practice as well as combining it with other research questions might add significant value to risk management research as well as practice not only limited to the German leasing industry. KEYWORDS: risk management, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), leasing, financial services, Germany. JEL: A12, D81, G32

Explaining the intra-day variation in the bid–ask spread in competitive dealership markets – A research note

eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) is an emerging technology that has the potential to play an important role in the production and consumption of financial information. This research note provides a basic understanding of how XBRL works and who the major stakeholders involved in its use are. It also suggests a number of issues associated with XBRL that require further investigation and research.

The omnipotent and omnipresent effect of externalities fundamentally affect the way research is conducted. This research note seeks to clarify the ways in which research can be designed to predict the impacts of externalities and to prescribe solutions to mitigate the negative impacts or to leverage off the positive impacts from externalities. Using the COVID-19 pandemic and the tourism industry as a case, this research note demonstrates that taking a conditional approach is necessary to delineate the differences in impact in prediction and prescription endeavours, as the absence of boundary conditions would limit interpretations to only descriptions and associations, regardless of whether primary or secondary research is pursued. In doing so, this research note hopes to inspire greater predictive- and prescriptive-oriented research and to support future research endeavours in this direction.

Several studies have shown cycles in the vote for political parties in American presidential elections, raising the question of whether cycles are unique to two‐party systems. This study extends the investigation of cycles to parliamentary elections in several countries that have multiple political parties: Japan, Germany, Norway, and Canada. Phase‐space analysis, a graphical method, is used to show that these countries have a variety of cyclic voting patterns in the distribution of votes among their political parties. Voting cycles may be associated with significant changes in the political party system and with stability of the government. Voting in presidential elections in Alabama is shown to have some characteristics of chaotic change, which is an extreme form of cyclic behavior. The possibility of chaos in voting behavior raises important research issues.