Research on Hardware-in-the-Loop Missile Weapon System Simulation Based on HLA and Modelica

The hardware-in-the-loop simulation system is a necessary technique in the development of modern weapons. To improve the precision and real-time of the hardware-in-the-loop simulation system, the High Level architecture(HLA) is used to construct a new hardware-in-the-loop simulation system. Firstly, we give a brief introduction to HLA and apply HLA to the hardware-in-the-loop simulation system. A simulation support software developed according to the specifications of HLA interface, RTI provides a number of interconnected simulation services and serve as the basis for the HLA simulation system to do layer management and extensible distributed simulation. The whole simulation system is considered as a federation and distributed into several federations to carry out the distributed simulation. We reach the conclusion that the problems for the practical application of HLA to a large-scale interactive simulation system will be solved by enhancing the algorithm and performance of RTI software.

In order to address the issues of high coupling of tree shape modeling with communication modeling, as well as limited simulation scale in traditional forest simulation, this paper presents a novel dynamic forest growing simulation system after analyzing the application of High Level Architecture (HLA) and Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) technology. In this forest growing simulation system based on HLA, the communication model is constructed by HLA specification and the real-time communication between tree models is carried out by the Run-Time Infrastructure (RTI). The experiments show that the simulation system can avail of all available resources in the grid, and resolve the problem of the simulation results of visual reality and accuracy that can’t be satisfied at the same time. Grid services can make the traditional simulation application from single computer distribute to multiple grid nodes. It will improve the speed of virtual scene rendering and the utilization efficiency of grid resources.

High Level Architecture (HLA) is the new standard of distributed simulation. Being short of Integrated Environment of Modeling and Simulation, it is difficult to develop complex simulation systems based on HLA. KD-HLA is designed as an environment for distributed simulation using the standard of HLA. It includes three parts: Federation Design and Developing Environment, Federation Execution and Control Environment, and Post-Processing Environment. Each environment consists of a series of tools. By this set of tools, users can save lots of time in learning, developing and maintaining the HLA simulation systems.

Purpose As main mode of modern service industry and future economy society, the research on crowd network can greatly facilitate governances of economy society and make it more efficient, humane, sustainable and at the same time avoid disorders. However, because most results cannot be observed in real world, the research of crowd network cannot follow a traditional way. Simulation is the main means to put forward related research studies. Compared with other large-scale interactive simulations, simulation for crowd network has challenges of dynamic, diversification and massive participants. Fortunately, known as the most famous and widely accepted standard, high level architecture (HLA) has been widely used in large-scale simulations. But when it comes to crowd network, HLA has shortcomings like fixed federation, limited scale and agreement outside the software system. Design/methodology/approach This paper proposes a novel reflective memory-based framework for crowd network simulations. The proposed framework adopts a two-level federation-based architecture, which separates simulation-related environments into physical and logical aspect to enhance the flexibility of simulations. Simulation definition is introduced in this architecture to resolve the problem of outside agreements and share resources pool (constructed by reflective memory) is used to address the systemic emergence and scale problem. Findings With reference to HLA, this paper proposes a novel reflective memory-based framework toward crowd network simulations. The proposed framework adopts a two-level federation-based architecture, system-level simulation (system federation) and application-level simulation (application federations), which separates simulation-related environments into physical and logical aspect to enhance the flexibility of simulations. Simulation definition is introduced in this architecture to resolve the problem of outside agreements and share resources pool (constructed by reflective memory) is used to address the systemic emergence and scale problem. Originality/value Simulation syntax and semantic are all settled under this framework by templates, especially interface templates, as simulations are separated by two-level federations, physical and logical simulation environment are considered separately; the definition of simulation execution is flexible. When developing new simulations, recompile is not necessary, which can acquire much more reusability, because reflective memory is adopted as share memory within given simulation execution in this framework; population can be perceived by all federates, which greatly enhances the scalability of this kind of simulations; communication efficiency and capability has greatly improved by this share memory-based framework.

Interactive Problem Solving Environments (PSEs) offer an integrated approach for constructing and running complex systems, such as distributed simulation systems. New distributed infrastructures, like the Grid, support the access to a large variety of core services and resources that can be used by interactive PSEs in a secure environment.We are experimenting with Grid access for interactive PSEs built on top of the High Level Architecture (HLA), a middleware for interactive simulations. Our current approach is such that once a PSE simulation has been executed in the framework, mechanisms from both HLA and Grid middleware are used to broker resources, for job submission services, performance monitoring services, and security services for efficient and transparent execution.We are experimenting with the Web-based Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) for HLA RTI Federate registration and discovery, as well as for data transmission. We have found that Grid Services give the possibility to allow for dynamic modification capabilities of HLA Federates, though the dynamic discovery of Federates and the use of Service Data (metadata) for service introspection is not trivial. Also, we have found that opening many data transmission channels between HLA Federates to one destination affects the number of connections you can make with other destinations.KeywordsPSEinteractiveGridOGSAHLA

For implementation of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) simulation, interoperability between physical and cyber system are required. IEEE High Level Architecture (HLA) is standard for distributed simulation interoperability, and ETSI Machine-to-Machine (M2M) is standard for integration between physical machines. In this paper, we propose M2MHLA adaptor to integrate HLA-based simulations and M2M physical machines. M2M-HLA adaptor is located between HLA simulation systems and M2M systems. This adaptor transforms HLA data to M2M data and M2M data to HLA data. We propose sequence structure between M2M-HLA APIs for interconnection, data type definition and transformation method and time management method for design and implementation M2M-HLA adaptor. Because of M2M-HLA adaptor allows interoperability between different cyber systems and physical systems, this would extend the scope of CPS simulation system and increase its utilization.

The High Level Architecture (HLA) is a runtime software architecture for distributed simulation, which can be used by developers to create simulation applications. The HLA was developed in an environment that required the maximum amount of flexibility along with a minimum number of constraints. Simulations run the gamut from human-in-the-loop individual training simulators to highly aggregated, discrete event simulations that are used to exercise entire battle staffs. Beyond the training environment, the research and acquisition communities each have their own requirements for simulation applications. To address these diverse requirements, the HLA is designed to be flexible enough to support this diverse set of simulation systems in their unique environments and sophisticated enough to embrace the next generation of simulations. This broad-based environment sets the stage for the development of the HLA specification following the initial baseline definition of the HLA in March 1995.

High level architecture (HLA) provides universal architecture for interoperability and reuse of distributed simulation; run-time infrastructure (RTI) is the foundation of HLA-compliant distributed simulation system. Focusing on two typical problems about interoperability and reusability of HLA distributed simulation, run-time infrastructure is extended based on Web services, HLA distributed simulation run-time infrastructure model with web services is proposed, and framework of runtime infrastructure with Web services (RTI-WS) is designed. Corresponding prototype is implemented based on pRTI and Axis SOAP engine. Experimental results indicate that, with certain real-time performance loss, RTI-WS can improve the interoperability and reusability of HLA distributed simulation, and it is applicable for coarse-grained applications of distributed simulation.

To solve the inherent safety problem puzzling the coal mining industry, analyzing the characteristic and the application of distributed interactive simulation based on high level architecture (DIS/HLA), a new method is proposed for developing coal mining industry inherent safety distributed interactive simulation adopting HLA technology. Researching the function and structure of the system, a simple coal mining industry inherent safety is modeled with HLA, the FOM and SOM are developed, and the math models are suggested. The results of the instance research show that HLA plays an important role in developing distributed interactive simulation of complicated distributed system and the method is valid to solve the problem puzzling coal mining industry. To the coal mining industry, the conclusions show that the simulation system with HLA plays an important role to identify the source of hazard, to make the measure for accident, and to improve the level of management.

This paper presents the design of a system that supports execution of HLA (high level architecture) distributed interactive simulations in an unreliable grid environment. The design of the architecture is based on the OGSA (Open Grid Services Architecture) concept that allows for modularity and compatibility with grid services already being developed. First of all, we focus on the part of the system which is responsible for migration of a HLA-connected component or components of the distributed application in the grid environment. We present a runtime support library for easily plugging HLA simulations into the grid services framework. We also present the impact of execution management (namely migration) on overall system performance.

Networks of workstations have become a popular architecture for distributed simulation due to their high availability as opposed to specialized multiprocessor computers. Networks of workstations are also a well-suited framework for distributed simulation systems based on the High Level Architecture (HLA). However using workstations in a distributed simulation system may eventually affect the availability of computing resources for the users who need their computers as working tools. Thus, for coarse grained distributed simulation it may be desirable to let the users control to what extent their workstations should participate in a distributed simulation. The authors present a resource sharing system (RSS) that provides a client user interface on each potentially participating workstation. With the RSS clients, users of workstations can control the availability of their computer for the HLA simulation federation. An RSS manager keeps track of available computing resources and balances the participating HLA federates among the available workstations.

The context of our work is the complex systems simulation. Complex systems modelling and simulation require to take into account the interactions between the different components. For instance, an airport ground traffic simulation requires to model the planes with the pilots, the control tower, the

Modelling and simulation permeate all areas of business, science and engineering and increasingly complex simulation systems often require huge computing resources and data sets that are geographically distributed. The widely adopted platform for building distributed simulations is the High Level Architecture (HLA). Deficiencies associated with HLA have been well discussed in the literature. The advent of Grid technology enables the use of distributed computing resources and facilitates the access of geographically distributed data. In this paper, we propose a framework for executing large-scale distributed simulations using Grid services. The framework addresses some of the deficiencies of HLA, including dynamic discovery and resource utilization. End-users can construct large-scale distributed simulations using this framework with ease.

Designing a mixed-signal integrated hardware requires the mixed simulation for legacy digital blocks and analog circuits, which are usually represented by the Verilog description language for digital blocks and the SPICE circuit netlist of analog circuits. Without model translations or source-level modifications and to simulate mixed legacy Verilog models and SPICE circuit netlists that are usually developed based on the different SPICE languages, parameters and primitives, this paper proposes a simulation framework whose concept is connecting a legacy Verilog and proper SPICE simulator for the target SPICE model using a run-time infrastructure (RTI) based on high level architecture (HLA) and adapters that are pluggable libraries to enable the interoperation and integration of simulators through HLA. For the interoperation, to exchange analog/digital signals, the adapter converts analog/digital signals to events or events to analog/digital signals using user-defined, signal-event converters. To synchronize different time advance policies, the adapter performs time synchronization procedures based on the pre-simulation concept. For the integration of Verilog/SPICE simulators and the RTI, adapters are developed following each component interface, which are IEEE-std Verilog procedural interface, proposed SPICE procedural interface and IEEE-std HLA interface. The proposed framework was applied to the digitally controlled buck converter simulation.

This paper presents a novel design of a real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) missile TV guidance system simulation platform, which consists of a development computer, a target computer, a turntable, a control cabin, and a joystick. The guidance system simulation model is created on the development computer by Simulink® and then downloaded to the target computer. Afterwards, Simulink Real-Time™ runs the model in real-time. Meanwhile, the target computer uploads the real-time simulation data back to the development computer. The hardware in the simulation loop is TV camera, encoders, control cabin, servomotors, and target simulator. In terms of hardware and software, the system has been simplified compared with the existing works. The volume of the turntable integrating the target simulator and the seeker simulator is about 0.036 cubic meters compared to the original 8 cubic meters, so it has a compact structure. The platform can perform the closed-loop control, so the simulation has high precision. Taking the TV guidance simulation as an example, in the case of target maneuvering, the final miss distance of the TV guidance missile is 0.11812 m, while the miss distance of the original system is 13 m. The trajectories obtained from the HIL and mathematical simulations substantially coincide. So the simulation results show that the proposed HIL simulation platform is effective.