Research on Raw Material JIT Procurement for Prefabricated Components Based on LMSMBOA Algorithm

Methodological and ideological options exploring supply chain models for Sydney rock oysters

A velocity-based butterfly optimization algorithm for high-dimensional optimization and feature selection

This study aims to determine the analysis of the chicken raw material supply chain at the Rice Bowl at Miwiti SMEs using a qualitative descriptive approach method based on the results of interviews and direct observations at the Miwiti SME location. The results of the study indicate that the supply chain at the Rice Bowl at Miwiti SMEs cannot be separated from the Upstream supply chain, Internal supply chain, and Downstream supply chain. These results indicate that the upstream supply chain is related to the activity of supplying raw materials starting from chicken traders at Pasar Anyar Bogor - processing into chicken rice bowls - rice bowls at Miwiti SMEs. The internal supply chain includes procurement of raw materials - washing - cutting - draining water - seasoning - frying - draining oil - packaging. The downstream supply chain includes distribution activities to end consumers. The supply chain that occurs at Miwiti SMEs is running well from the procurement of chicken raw materials from suppliers to customers.

Supply chain management (SCM) is a new approach to satisfy customers of products and services via an integrated management for the whole business processes of the manufacturing from the raw material procurement to the product or service delivery to customers. With the rapid development of the information technology and global market environment the company is required to manage whole supply chain network to gain the competitiveness in business. Typically semiconductor industry is the one whose supply chain network is distributed all over the world, and its manufacturing process has the particular characteristics which has to be considered in the modeling of supply chain. In this paper we suggest the push and pull type supply chain models and their mathematical formulation for the semiconductor industry of the global market. Die bank between the front-end and back-end in the semiconductor manufacturing process is assumed to be the decoupling point by which two models are divided. Push supply chain model is based on the high throughput and the balance of the WIP flow, which takes the characteristics of re-entrant mechanism into account. Pull supply chain model is constructed considering order-based manufacturing, distribution and transportation process in order to meet customer's request appropriately. Development issues of the system and its implementation are also discussed.

Renewable energy has been employed to reduce greenhouse emissions and global warming. VPP is an example of renewable energy integration technology that enables users to tap into unlimited renewable energy supplies while reducing their reliance on traditional power sources. This research looks at a synchronized control grid integrated VPP with parabolic trough solar collector thermal system (PTSCTS), a wind generator (WG), and an electric vehicle (EV). An active power control strategy on an interconnected microgrid in revised form is attempted taking into consideration the communication delay. The proportional integrator derivative (PID) and two-stage (PI)-(1+PD) controllers are used in the proposed control strategy. Firefly algorithm (FA), butterfly optimization algorithm (BOA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and recent Grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA) have been used for optimizing the control parameters of the controllers. The analysis shows that the new GOA algorithm performs better in terms of control strategy than other optimization tools such as FA, BOA, and PSO. The sensitivity analysis of the proposed controller under different conditions has been done, and it has been explored that the proposed Two-stage PI-(1 + PD) controller parameters are very robust in dealing with the parametric variations of the integrated VPP model.

The goal of this book is to gain a clear picture of the current status and future challenges with regard to the digitalization of the supply chain – from the perspective of the suppliers, the manufacturers, and the customers. They were the target groups of the book. Digitization has touched upon all aspects of businesses, including supply chains. Technologies such as RFID, GPS, and sensors have enabled organizations to transform their existing hybrid (combination of paper-based and IT-supported processes) supply chain structures into more f lexible, open, agile, and collaborative digital models. Unlike hybrid supply chain models, which have resulted in rigid organizational structures, unobtainable data, and disjointed relationships with partners, digital supply chains enable business process automation, organizational flexibility, and digital management of corporate assets. In order to reap maximum benefits from digital supply chain models, it is important that companies internalize it as an integral part of the overall business model and organizational structure. Localized disconnected projects and silo-based operations pose a serious threat to competitiveness in an increasingly digital world. The technologies discussed in this text – artificial intelligence, 3D printing, Internet of things, etc. – are beginning to come together to help digitize, automate, integrate, and improve the global supply chains. It’s certainly an exciting and challenging time for both new supply chain professionals and long-time supply chain professionals.

Implementing just‐in‐time (JIT) management in the ready mixed concrete (RMC) industry seems viable. It has been observed previously by others that the current practices for managing the concrete supply chain upstream in terms of raw materials acquisition or prerequisite work on site were not geared toward JIT production. However, it is unclear if this observation is also relevant for the procurement of raw materials in the RMC industry in Chongqing (in China) and Singapore. Hence, the purpose of this study is to investigate the implementation status of JIT in the RMC industry in Chongqing and Singapore. The field study conducted found that all the RMC suppliers surveyed were using the demand pull system to manage RMC production and delivery to sites. However, the study also found that the raw materials could be purchased either using the JIT purchasing method or the traditional economic order quantity (EOQ) purchasing method. Further studies to investigate the conditions where a RMC supplier can adopt the JIT purchasing method to procure its raw materials are recommended.

This research presents an optimization model specifically designed to enhance the efficiency of operations within the Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO) supply chain. The key participants in this supply chain encompass suppliers of Refined, Bleached, Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO), raw material storage facilities, HVO production facilities (biorefineries), HVO product storage, and end users. The model incorporates decision variables related to inventory management, feedstock and product delivery, and production processes. The results of the tests reveal a global optimum value of $55,982.30, which consists of various cost components: the raw material purchase cost and total handling cost (Z1), totaling $12,754.94; total inventory storage cost (Z2) of $928.60; total production cost (Z3) of $35,605.56; and total transportation cost between processing facilities (Z4) of $4,643.21. The process of identifying the optimal solution necessitated 476 iterations. The model was validated utilizing optimization software to derive the best solution, thereby assisting strategic decision-making for sustainable and economic biofuel supply chain management. The application of this optimization model allows companies to minimize production costs, mitigate environmental impacts, and enhance the overall sustainability of the HVO supply chain. The findings suggest that this optimization approach can effectively reduce total supply chain costs and improve operational efficiency. Keywords: Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO), supply chain model, optimization.

Optimizing material procurement planning problem by two-stage fuzzy programming

In modular construction—a type of industrialized construction—production planning is very important, as it is closely related to the project’s duration, quality, and sustainability. The constraints (production area, delivery due date) often differ for each project, yet production planning in modular construction has failed to change with the project characteristics. As a result, bottlenecks and construction delays are common problems seen in modular construction, which, in turn, decreases the production ratio, causing the production to be inefficient. To this end, this paper applied a prefabricated component in the modular production process. The paper developed a process analysis model considering constraint factors (production period, production area) to derive the optimal configuration of the prefabricated components in various alternatives. The developed analysis model was then applied to a virtual case to analyze the productivity improvement and select the optimal process. The optimal production process was derived by simulating the possible production planning within a limited production area and production timeline. The result of a simulation indicates that the production period has been halved by optimizing the process. Furthermore, by applying prefabricated components, the production efficiency was further increased because the existing linear production process’s bottleneck disappeared. The model is deemed to have the potential to optimize various production methods across production facilities or modular factories that simultaneously perform multiple projects.

한옥은 단순히 전통건축의 의미를 넘어서 우리 선조들의 삶에 대한 양식과 인식을 담고 있는 지금도 살아 숨 쉬는 문화유산이다. 최근 한옥이 자연친화적 건축으로 주목을 받게 되면서 한옥의 전통적 방식을 훼손하지 않으면서도 건축과정에 효율을 꾀할 수 있는 방안이 모색될 필요가 대두되었다. 이에, 본 논문에서는 건축정보모델링을 기반으로 하는 설계 지원도구를 개발하여 한옥의 설계에서 검증, 생산 공정에 이르는 전 과정을 지원하는 것을 목표로 한다. 이를 위해 먼저, 전통건축의 통시대적 고찰과 한옥의 목구조 방식에 대한 체계적인 분석을 통해 전통건축 설계에 필요한 부재들에 대한 효율적 설계 방식을 제시한다. 논문에서 제안하는 방식은 특성이 비슷한 부재들을 모아서 하나의 템플릿으로 설계하고 다양한 형태의 유사부재들을 속성 값에 따라 자유롭게 생성할 수 있도록 객체지향 방식의 표현기법을 사용하는 것이다. 이 방식은 객체지향 방식의 부재를 표현함에 있어서 연결 부재간의 상관관계를 부재와 부재간의 관련 파라미터들 사이의 결합규칙을 적용함으로써 설계의 오류를 최소화 하도록 지원할 수 있다. 또한 개발된 시스템은 서양건축 설계 위주의 CAD프로그램에 플러그 인 형태로 수행할 수 있기 때문에 전통적인 방식의 한옥설계는 물론 한옥 건축문화를 현대적 생활공간에 쉽게 접목할 있도록 고안되었다. Hanok is a cultural heritage containing our ancestor's life style intact and breathing alive with us until now. As Hanok has been concerned as a echo-friendly architecture, a new methodology for efficient construction without damaging the traditional construction process comes into request. The goal of this research is development of a architectural design tool based on the BIM(Building Information Modeling) for satisfying these demands. It will be usable to support whole process of the traditional building from digital design to production and construction. Firstly, we take a consideration of the traditional architecture reflecting the spirit of the age and suggest efficient design method for architectural components. Each components is pre-fabricated as a template representing similar components. All pre-fabricated components are designed by object-oriented concepts so, many variations for a component can be derived from the pre-fabricated component. Our method is helpful for reducing design errors because that it considers combining rule between connecting components in the template design. Moreover it is plugged in the commercial architectural CAD, so it can supports digital design not only traditional architecture but also fusion style mixed with modern architecture.

As a main carrier mode for the sustainable development of the construction industry in China, prefabricated building may lead to problems such as cost overruns, project delays, and waste of resources due to unreasonable selection of prefabricated components. Therefore, we quantitatively analyze the contribution rate of quality optimization of prefabricated components using QFD-SEM. Under the constraints of prefabrication rate, quality optimization contribution rate, and expected values of various sub-goals, we propose a multi-objective optimization method for prefabricated component combinations based on cost, duration, and carbon emissions. By using NSGA-II to solve the model, we can obtain a set of optimal Pareto solutions for prefabricated component combinations. Based on the optimal Pareto solution set, we establish a multi-objective evaluation model using simulated annealing optimization projection tracing method, and select the optimal prefabricated component combination solution according to the projected eigenvalues of the solutions. An empirical study is conducted using an eleven-story framed building in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China as a case study. The results show that: (1) Using this method, optimal solutions can be obtained in an unbounded solution space, with the optimal solution having advantages over both fully cast-in-place and fully prefabricated solutions. Compared to the fully cast-in-place solution, the duration and carbon emissions are reduced by 36.62% and 12.74% respectively, while compared to the fully prefabricated solution, costs are reduced by 4.15%. (2) There is a certain negative correlation between the cost of prefabricated component combinations and duration, carbon emissions, and quality optimization, while there is a certain positive correlation with the prefabrication rate. (3) The size of the optimal projection direction vector based on the optimization objectives indicates that carbon emissions have the greatest impact on the evaluation results of the solutions.

In this paper, two models for supply chain under VMI settings are developed when the incoming lot of items contains a fraction of non-conforming items. The first model is for a decentralised case where the vendor’s profit is maximised. However, there is significant extra profit to be realised by optimising the performance of the entire supply chain. Therefore, another model for centralised supply chain under VMI configuration is introduced. This model seeks to optimise the system total expected profit. The additional profit realised by implementing the integrated solution is distributed between vendor and retailer. The distribution scheme is according to some weight such that no party obtains less profit than that generated by decentralised VMI model. Usually, this weight reflects the bargaining positions of the vendor and retailer. The optimal solutions are characterised by finding all Karush-Kuhn-Tucker points of the profit functions. Based on these Karush-Kuhn-Tucker points, efficient algorithms are devised to solve the models.

Based on the modelling steps discussed in Part I, this chapter aims to present ways in which agent-based simulation models of supply chains can be developed and used to improve the performance of these systems in both normal and abnormal situations. An industrial supply chain with a network of several independent companies is a good example of a socio-technical system. The physical and social networks of the actors involved in their operation collectively form an interconnected, complex system in which the actors determine the development and operation of the physical network and, likewise, the physical network affects the behaviour of the actors. In this type of system, the many interactions taking place in the social and physical subsystems can result in the complex, dynamic behaviour of the supply chain as a whole. Accordingly, any attempt to improve the functioning of the supply chain requires a comprehensive understanding of this behaviour under different supply network configurations. Most of the current approaches to the modelling and simulation of supply chains do not capture the rich socio-technical dynamics present. The agent-based modelling approach, however, seems to be very promising as a means to address this complex behaviour. To demonstrate its applicability, we will present agent-based simulation models for two different industrial supply chains: an oil refinery and a multi-plant chemical enterprise. Using the models described in this chapter, the outcomes of the system under a broad range of possible agent behavioural rules and environmental events can be explored, and improved levels of system functioning can be identified.

A supply chain is a network of facilities that performs the functions of procurement of material, transformation of material to intermediate and finished products, and distribution of finished products to customers. Often, organizational barriers between these facilities exist, and information flows can be restricted such that complete centralized control of material flows in a supply chain may not be feasible or desirable. Consequently, most companies use decentralized control in managing the different facilities at a supply chain. In this paper, we describe what manufacturing managers at Hewlett-Packard Company (HP) see as the needs for model support in managing material flows in their supply chains. These needs motivate our initial development of such a model for supply chains that are not under complete centralized control. We report on our experiences of applying such a model in a new product development project of the DeskJet printer supply chain at HP. Finally, we discuss avenues to develop better models, as well as to fully exploit the power of such models in application.