Research on the Database Process Using GRID Technologies

The open grid services infrastructure (OGSI) defines a distributed system framework by integrating grid and Web services technologies to facilitate the sharing of various resources, which result in grid service. Grid service inherits the features from Web service, aiming at enabling interoperability among heterogeneous grid application. However, in the open grid services architecture (OGSA), grid services are isolated, it is difficult building a grid service management framework which can work across organizations. Based on BPEL4WS, this paper proposes an agent-oriented grid service modeling framework to address the difficulties in developing grid applications based on grid services.

This article presents a Middleware based on Grid Technologies that addresses the problem of sharing, transferring and processing DICOM medical images in a distributed environment using an ontological schema to create virtual communities and to define common targets. It defines a distributed storage that builds-up virtual repositories integrating different individual image repositories providing global searching, progressive transmission, automatic encryption and pseudo-anonimisation and a link to remote processing services. Users from a Virtual Organisation can share the cases that are relevant for their communities or research areas, epidemiological studies or even deeper analysis of complex individual cases. Software architecture has been defined for solving the problems that has been exposed before. Briefly, the architecture comprises five layers (from the more physical layer to the more logical layer) based in Grid Technologies. The lowest level layers (Core Middleware Layer and Server Services sc layer) are composed of Grid Services that implement the global managing of resources. The Middleware Components Layer provides a transparent view of the Grid environment and it has been the main objective of this work. Finally, the highest layer (the Application Layer) comprises the applications, and a simple application has been implemented for testing the components developed in the Components Middleware Layer. Other side-results of this work are the services developed in the Middleware Components Layer for managing DICOM images, creating virtual DICOM storages, progressive transmission, automatic encryption and pseudo-anonimisation depending on the ontologies. Other results, such as the Grid Services developed in the lowest layers, are also described in this article. Finally a brief performance analysis and several snapshots from the applications developed are shown. The performance analysis proves that the components developed in this work provide image processing applications with new possibilities for large-scale sharing, management and processing of DICOM images. The results show that the components fulfil the objectives proposed. The extensibility of the system is achieved by the use of open methods and protocols, so new components can be easily added.

The research activity accounted for in this Ph.D thesis belongs to the general field of electrical and electronic measurement. The attention is focused on the implementation of GRID services for performance assessing of digital wireless communication systems. The original contribution consists in the development of two original measurement methods, the former allows measuring the modulation quality of systems compliant with IEEE 802.16d-2004 standard by means of any hardware characterized by a enough sample rate and input band width, and the latter carries out reliability and efficiently the in-service measurements also in presence of in-channel interferences. The high computational burden experienced during the wide experimental phase by proposed methods has encouraged their implementation according to GRID Service paradigm. Respect to the classic Web Service, GRID Service provides the possibility of both sharing the proposed methods among researches and technicians who work on the same topics, and processing some proposed methods stages in parallel way on several calculus nodes, thus reducing the whole processing time. Differently from the normal GRID Service, the developed GRID Services involve the measurement instrumentation, such digital acquisition systems and waveform generator, other than the calculus nodes. Suitable strategies for discovering, accessing, setting the measurement instruments have to be provided for. To this aim, new GRID architecture has been proposed, which virtualizes the measurement instruments into new components, namely instrumentation devices, and makes use of classic mechanisms already presented in GRID architecture, such as PBS scheduler, for dealing with the instruments discovery issue. To take advantage from the proposed GRID Services, a proper web portal is also implemented. An intense experimental phase is executed for assessing the methods and GRID Services performance by applying emulated and real communication signals. Measurement results are analyzed and compared to those achievable through the application of existing methods and/or instrument available on the market. Particular attention is also made to the processing time measurement of GRID Service with respect to a sequential implementation, in order to evidence the gains provided by a parallel implementation.

State of the art management products have until now focused on monitoring of resources such as networks, systems, servers and applications. Management usually does not deal with handling the complete resource life-cycle, i.e., of providing resources on-demand to application providers, matching and allocating resources to users so that application requirements are best met, providing guarantees through service level agreements, and monitoring and assuring these SLAs. Grid aims to provide seamless access to computational resources. In Grid based systems and the latest initiative of Open Grid Service Infrastructure (OGSI) [3] concepts related to discovery of network topology, allocation based on farms, monitoring towards certain goal (as specified in SLAs), and control to assure these goals are missing. However, there are parallels between grid and traditional management systems. A grid just like traditional management systems is comprised of grid nodes each of which manages a group of resources. The management+ [1] system that we propose, will be able to manage the complete life-cycle of resources assigned to applications, provided, Grid technologies are used for reserving, allocating, and handing over resources to applications and traditional management functionalities are incorporated that deal with monitoring and control.A management+ system will be comprised of grid nodes that communicate with each other to coordinate the tasks of resource allocation and management. The management+ system may be used for managing a resource pool inside the enterprise or spanning multiple enterprises. In order to do so, the management+ system needs capabilities to discover the resources so as to create a resource pool, maintain & model the resource information, be able to provide resources to application providers on receiving requests, be able to provide guarantees as agreed upon through Service-Level Agreements, and by monitoring and assuring them. This poses the following requirements for the management+ system: Resource Discovery: Under the realm of each grid node are collections of resources that are allocatable and manageable by that grid node, that need to be registered and discovered. The registration information may be maintained in a central repository that may be LDAP based (as in traditional Grid) or in a UDDI based registry. The other approach is to let each of the grid nodes manage their own repository, but to have protocols similar to p-2-p systems for searching resources amongst grid nodes. Resource Modeling: Resources that are managed by the grid or those even within a grid node are heterogeneous in nature. They are of different types, potentially distributed in different geographic locations and administrative domains (e.g., consolidated in racks vs. located on desktops). Modeling is therefore an important task for the management+ system. A relevant resource model is CIM. Requesting Resources and Guarantees: Application providers need to specify their requests to the management+ system in some form. The specification of the request may be done in terms of application level metrics (e.g. throughput, transactions/sec) or at a low-level, an enhanced RSL may be used. The guarantees may be provided in terms of reliability, availability, security, timeliness through SLA[5]. Resource Allocation and Deployment: Resource requests are sent to the management+ system that then undertakes resource reservation, allocation and deployment. Resource reservation is done when the resources are not immediately required. The management+ system has to keep a note of all the competing reservations and of ensuring that the resource pool is being properly utilized. As the reservations become current, requests for resources are satisfied through match-making [3]. Monitoring Guarantees: Traditionally, applications are installed and operated on a fixed set of associated, physical hardware. In management+ system, resources virtualize the physical hardware. This virtualization provides the capability of transparently switching the physical hardware (in case of degradations/failures) while maintaining the transparency of a continually running application. The metrics specified on the resources in SLAs have to be monitored and aggregated into higher-level metrics that business manager(s) may relate to. Assuring Guarantees: Once the SLA violations are detected, it is important for the management+ system to take corrective actions. Analysis tools are employed to analyze the violation data so as to decide on corrective action(s). The corrective action may range from taking one of the control actions like fail-over, reboot/rejuvenation of the resources to transparently switching the failed resources with new set of resources out of the resource pool. These new resources are obtained through the same resource allocation and deployment mechanisms as discussed earlier. This may enable closed-loop management.KeywordsCorrective ActionGrid NodeService Level AgreementResource PoolResource ReservationThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

In this paper, we present a solution to the probl of dynamically deploying grid service factories onto computing nodes running an implentation of the Open Grid Services Infrastructure (OGSI). By providing a non-intrusive Hot Deployment Service (HDS), we extend the service-oriented grid computing paradigm, as it is defined by the Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA), to provide a more dynamic ad hoc grid environment. Service-oriented grid middleware utilizing the HDS enables organizations or interorganizational communities to form an ad hoc grid to harness unused and scattered resources of an existing IT-infrastructure. The availability of the HDS also improves the capabilities to manage existing grid systs based on the Globus Toolkit 3, which is a vital requirent for the adoption of service-oriented grid systs in production environments.

Grid technology is a new sustentation for the sharing of global manufacturing resources. To promote the application of grid technologies in the manufacturing industry, a framework for a manufacturing grid (MG) has been expatiated. The framework is composed of a network infrastructure layer, a manufacturing resource aggregation layer, a manufacturing resource management layer, a manufacturing service application layer and a MG portal layer. Modelling manufacturing resources, one key technology of implementing the MG application system, has been studied intensively. A manufacturing resource hierarchy model (MRHM), which consists of a manufacturing resource layer, a resource expressing layer and a resource interface layer, is proposed. In the model, various manufacturing resources are aggregated into a resource layer; all resource information is encapsulated in an information expressing layer employing XML (extensible markup language) schema; all accessing operations to resources are defined in the resource interface layer using WSDL (web service description language). Lastly, being the validation of MRHM, a standard part library system based on Unigraphics18.0 and SQL Server2000 is encapsulated as a resource node in the MG. The node provides online services like querying information for standard parts, viewing and downloading geometry models of standard parts, and so on.

Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) has been popularly used to describe a collaborative business processes which is executed by Web services. However, the original BPEL language is defined in a strict format which the developers must follow. This leads to difficulties to create or modify the BPEL documents. In order to overcome the problem, the original BPEL has been extended to an annotated-BPEL so that BPEL documents can be freely modified. One of the applications of annotated-BPEL is that it is employed to describe "request" Web service information. Since Web service discovery systems may support different Web service description languages, annotated BPEL must be translated into specific description languages so that it can be readable and understood. This paper introduces a system that generates "request" Web services from the annotated BPEL. The system supports the two most popular Web services description languages, namely, OWL-S and WSDL. The description is first translated into OWL-S since it contains semantics in describing the service. This is done by searching 'the best matched' OWL concepts in a OWL repository and then filling these concepts into an predefined OWL-S template. If we cannot find any suitable concepts, a WSDL document will be generated.

The aim of this thesis is to design and implement a new Grid Resource Management methodology, where non-massive resources owners would be able to share their resources and integrate human collaboration across multiple domains regardless of network technology, operative platform or administrative domain.<br/>This thesis proposes a distributed and heuristic policy-based resource management architecture for large-scale Grids. The resource management architecture proposed herein is composed of four main building blocs: services management, resource discovery and monitoring, resource scheduling and jobs allocation and activation. The Grid Services Management (GSM) and Jobs Allocation and Activation (JAA) are supported by means of a Policy-based Grid Resource Management Architecture (PbGRMA). This architecture is able to identify service needs arising from diverse sources during the deployment and management of Grid Services, such as requirements demanded by customers, applications and network conditions. Afterwards, the PbGRMA merges these requirements into deployment policies for the corresponding Grid Services. The Grid Resource Discovery and Monitoring (GRDM) is supported by the introduction of the SNMP-based Balanced Load Monitoring Agents for Resource Scheduling (SBLOMARS), in which network and computational resources are monitored by distributed agents. This allows for a flexible, heterogeneous and scalable monitoring system. The Grid Resource Scheduling (GRS) is based on the Balanced Load Multi-Constrained Resource Scheduler (BLOMERS). This heuristic scheduler represents an alternate way of solving the inherent NP-hard problem for resource scheduling in large-scale distributed networks by means of the implementation of a Genetic Algorithm.<br/>Finally, based on the outcome of both the GRDM and GRS, the PbGRMA allocates the corresponding Grid Services by means of its interfaces with Globus ToolKit Middleware and Unix-based CLI commands along of any large-scale Grid Infrastructure. <br/>The synergy obtained by these components allows Grid administrators to exploit the available resources with predetermined levels of Quality of Service (QoS), reducing computational costs and makespan in resource scheduling while ensuring that the resource load is balanced throughout the Grid. The makespan of a schedule is the time required for all jobs to be processed when no one job could be interrupted during its execution and each node can perform at most one operation at any time.<br/>This new approach has been successfully tested in a real large-scale scenario such as Grid5000. The results presented along this Thesis show that our general solution is a reliable, flexible and scalable architecture to deploy and manage Grid Services in large-scale Grid Infrastructures. Moreover, the substitution of the heuristic algorithm approach used into the Grid Resource Scheduling (GRS) phase by other non-heuristics selection algorithms could make our solution useful in smaller Grid Infrastructures.

The convergence of the Semantic Web and Grid technologies has resulted in the Semantic Grid. The great effort devoted in by the Semantic Web community to achieve the semantic markup of Web services (what we call Semantic Web Services) has yielded many markup technologies and initiatives, from which the Semantic Grid technology should benefit as, in recent years, it has become Web service-oriented. Keeping this fact in mind, our first premise in this work is to reuse the ODESWS Framework for the Knowledge-based markup of Grid services. Initially ODESWS was developed to enable users to annotate, design, discover and compose Semantic Web Services at the Knowledge Level. But at present, if we want to reuse it for annotating Grid services, we should carry out a detailed study of the characteristics of Web services and Grid services and thus, we will learn where they differ and why. Only when this analysis is performed should we know how to extend our theoretical framework for describing Grid services. Finally, we present the ODESGS Framework, which is the result of having applied the extensions identified to the aforementioned Semantic Web Services description framework.

Modern grid and Web technologies provide straightforward access to applications and services running on remote resources. The user (which may be a software developer or even an application) should be able to discover such a service and dynamically load an interface to interact with it. While some software systems support either fully or partially automatic creation of client software to access Web services, fewer support grid services in the same way. This paper introduces a new system that automatically generates client software to allow access to both grid and Web services. Although designed as a stand-alone tool for accessing any Web or grid service, we demonstrate its usefulness in the context of the SymGrid framework for grid-based symbolic computations.

The main problem in this thesis is the role of the librarian in improving the information retrieval system in the school library of SMA N 1 Bukit Sundi. This study aims to identify and explain the role of librarians in information retrieval systems, and what obstacles are faced by librarians and users in information retrieval systems.The research method used in this research is the method qualitative research using descriptive type. Collection technique The data used are observation, interviews, and documentation. Technique The data analysis used is data reduction, data presentation, data withdrawal conclusion and verification. Guarantee the validity of the data in this study using triangulation of techniques, sources and time. The results of the study concluded that the librarian plays an important role in the information retrieval system. The role of the librarian in the information retrieval system is generally in the processing section such as cataloging, classifying library materials, and determining subject headings to facilitate data entry and information retrieval in the retrieval system. In addition, in terms of processing library materials, book inventory activities, labeling, barcode attachment, and book bag attachment are also carried out. In the service section, the librarian's role is more about returning and borrowing library materials,provide guidance to users regarding procedures for information retrieval, use of libraries, use of independent services and librarians also serve users if someone comes directly to ask the librarian about the information needed quickly and accurately. Librarians also act as educators (educators) as educational librarians, providing education such as mini-meetings once a year to provide education to users on how to use catalogs, managers, administrators, and also supervisors in information retrieval systems.Keywords: Librarian, Retrieval System

In this paper, we firstly analyze all kinds of resource allocation schemes in distributed multimedia system, including QoS manager, SRT, GARA, and propose a novel distributed multimedia service grid architecture & multimedia service grid. Based on grid architecture, this paper introduces a novel resource allocation scheme & grid-based on-demand queuing, GOD queuing. We propose the function architecture of the scheme, and describe the main function of each component. Furthermore, this paper emphasizes on the resource usage monitoring and adapting mechanism of VOD multimedia service grid based on GOD queuing scheme, illustrating the characteristic of GOD queuing scheme in resource allocation. At last, we illustrate the prospective research direction on the combination of distributed multimedia system and grid technology

Grid technology has emerged as a new solution in e-science and distributed computing. However, Mathematica, a widely used programming language for scientific computing, lacks support for integrating Grid services within its framework. In this paper we introduce MathGridLink, a new software component, currently under development by us, which extends the Grid to Mathematica. Unlike gridMathematica, MathGridLink provides full access to Grid services, regardless of the language the service is written in. MathGridLink makes not only possible to integrate any existing Grid service within Mathematica’s framework, but also to write and deploy new services from Mathematica. We believe that such an extension to Mathematica’s capabilities opens new ways for developing distributed computing systems.

The rapid development of information technology offers people a broad information-sharing platform. We can get relevant information through information retrieval tools. In order to get higher search efficiency, the information retrieval technologies based on semantic grid are discussed. Based on analysis of the technologies of grid, semantic grid and information retrieval, the architecture of grid information retrieval system is brought out and a common model of grid information retrieval is established. The grid platform based on Globus toolkit is built which is made as the basic development platform of the system, the semantic grid information retrieval system under that platform is realized, and the designed model and algorithm are implemented and the specific experimental tests is realized. The result shows that the system has better retrieval recall factor and pertinency factor than the conventional retrieval methods, and the feasibility of system model is verified.

computing has emerged as an important new field, distinguished from conventional distributed computing by its focus on large-scale resource sharing, innovative applications, and, in some cases, high-performance orientation. In this article, we define this new field. First, we review the problem, which we define as flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and resources-what we refer to as virtual organizations. In such settings, we encounter unique authentication, authorization, resource access, resource discovery, and other challenges. It is this class of problem that is addressed by Grid technologies. Next, we present an extensible and open Grid architecture, in which protocols, services, application programming interfaces, and software development kits are categorized according to their roles in enabling resource sharing. We describe requirements that we believe any such mechanisms must satisfy, and we discuss the central role played by the intergrid protocols that enable interoperability among different Grid systems. Finally, we discuss how Grid technologies relate to other contemporary technologies, including enterprise integration, application service provider, storage service provider, and peer-to-peer computing. We maintain that Grid concepts and technologies complement and have much to contribute to these other approaches.