Resettlement and development in Indonesia

Discussion of security in supply chains has been intensified since the tragedy of 9/11 in the United States. The World Customs Organization's SAFE Framework with its Authorized Economic Operators (AEO) program is one of the prominent supply chain security initiatives. At the time of its introduction in 2005, 168 member countries signed their support for its implementation. However, the last AEO Compendium reports only 69 countries currently have AEO program in place. This relatively slow development indicates the complexity of issues that might challenge countries to implement the initiative. Against this background, this paper aims to look at the AEO implementation in an environment where supply chain security initiative is relatively new. It focuses on policy development perspectives where the case study of Indonesia might represent challenges of other countries. Involving methods of desk research, interviews, and field observation, this paper starts with the development of various international supply chain security programs where the AEO finds it prominence. It follows with a discussion on the Indonesian AEO implementation where challenges and its policy development process are explored.

Discussion of security in supply chains has been intensified since the tragedy of 9/11 in the United States. The World Customs Organization’s SAFE Framework with its Authorized Economic Operators (AEO) program is one of the prominent supply chain security initiatives. At the time of its introduction in 2005, 168 member countries signed their support for its implementation. However, the last AEO Compendium reports only 69 countries currently have AEO program in place. This relatively slow development indicates the complexity of issues that might challenge countries to implement the initiative. Against this background, this paper aims to look at the AEO implementation in an environment where supply chain security initiative is relatively new. It focuses on policy development perspectives where the case study of Indonesia might represent challenges of other countries. Involving methods of desk research, interviews, and field observation, this paper starts with the development of various international supply chain security programs where the AEO finds it prominence. It follows with a discussion on the Indonesian AEO implementation where challenges and its policy development process are explored.

The Baltimore Community-Based Organizations Neighborhood Network: Enhancing Capacity Together (CONNECT) Cluster RCT

With rapid urbanization and an increasing number of publicly funded urban projects, there is a growing demand to address complex land acquisition and involuntary resettlement issues in urban settings. Major urban projects in such areas as urban development, renewal or upgrading, urban transport, urban watershed management, water supply and sanitation, and urban solid waste management require substantial land acquisition and resettlement efforts that raise significantrisks to people and investments. Governments and international financing institutions must identify these risks early and manage them adequately. These issues are amplified by global trends, such as the degradation of the natural resource base and climate change. The selection of case studies in this report came about as a result of discussions within the community of World Bank involuntary resettlement practitioners, who agreed that urban resettlement issues remain relatively unexplored and that the greatest need for examples of innovative practices in resettlement was in urban settings.

Generation of employment is one of the most common justifications for land acquisition. As such, the ‘Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement, 2013’ (RFCTLARR) does not include employment generation in its definition of ‘public purpose’. Section 2(b) (ii) to (vi) RFCTLARR, however, directly or indirectly infers employment generation per se. This article elaborates concerns and challenges regarding ‘formal’ employment generation through examination of employment generation in the various sectors, but notably in manufacturing and urbanisation, the proven messiahs of poverty removal through employment generation. It shows India’s historically skewed pattern of growth and internal contradictions regarding employment through various documents of Planning Commission, The World Bank and of other observers. What comes across clearly is that unless the manufacturing, urbanisation and land acquisition policies complement and support each other, generation of ‘formal’ employment will remain mere wishful thinking. With this approach the article argues that it is time to take ‘formal’ employment generation out of the boot of the land acquisition Special Purpose Vehicle and place it strategically behind the steering wheel.

Since the 1951 United Nations Convention, nations have dealt with refugee issues in various ways. In the United States, since the Vietnam War, there has been great debate and a significant amount of research on issues of refugee resettlement, with these discourses inherently involving issues of power and ideology. English language training and the promotion of economic self-sufficiency have been interventions used to integrate and assimilate refugees into American culture and society. These two interventions were the subject of the current investigation. The purpose of this study was to look into the way federal refugee resettlement policy mandated by the Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR) construes the notion of self-sufficiency in policy documents; and whether or not that constructed version of self-sufficiency is reflected or reinforced in the local attendant English language training, provided by the Immigrant and Refugee Community Organization's (IRCO) Pre-Employment Training's English language training courses. Through a combination of Critical Discourse Analysis and analytic techniques influenced by Corpus Linguistics, this study was able to investigate the construal of self-sufficiency in ORR refugee resettlement policy and its reflection in IRCO PET ELT. The ORR policy Title 45: Public Welfare, Part 400: Refugee Settlement Program and the lesson plans and materials of IRCO's PET's SPL levels 2 and 3 were analyzed with a textual analysis, process analysis, and social analysis. The ORR policy also underwent a collocation comparison analysis that employed the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA). The results of this qualitative study indicate that the federal resettlement policy exploits a common connotation of self-sufficiency to mask its underlying subjugating policies that position resettled refugees into early employment positions with little opportunities for higher education or occupational advancement. The ELT provided by IRCO's PET program reflects and reinforces the ORR's construed notion of self-sufficiency as well as its underlying hegemonic agenda. These findings this relate to broader discourses of immigration, neoliberalism, and education in the United States. Conclusions drawn from this investigation have pedagogical implications and applications that are discussed.

Large infrastructure projects involving land acquisition frequently require resettlement planning to be undertaken during the environmental and social impact assessment. However, resettlement planning needs more design detail than is usually available during a social impact assessment (SIA). Resettlement planning is best scheduled after an SIA required for environmental permitting. Timing and duration also influence the effectiveness of livelihood restoration, in particular in-kind support to build social resilience. Cash compensation, as a one-time payment, is not constructive for long term livelihood restoration. Using examples from international infrastructure projects, this paper reviews where SIA and resettlement planning intersect in the project cycle and considers the implications for the timing of livelihood restoration measures.

Introduction. Despite increasing interest in structural (policy, systems, and environmental) changes to improve health, little attention has focused on the adoption, implementation, sustainability, and potential for dissemination of these changes among local community-based organizations. Method. A mixed methods approach was used for this process evaluation. Representatives of nine community-based organizations were surveyed using closed-ended questions and in-depth qualitative interviews to describe 32 policy changes. Diffusion of Innovation theory was used to inform the development of survey questions and the interview guide. Results. Policies adopted by local community-based organizations concerned types of food/beverages provided to staff/clients, methods to encourage physical activity, breastfeeding support, and tobacco control. The majority of the policies were either fully (66%) or partially (31%) implemented 1 year after their initial adoption. In general, participants somewhat/strongly agreed that policies had characteristics that predict sustainability/diffusion (relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, observability). In-depth interview responses described a generally smooth process for policy adoption and high levels of optimism for continued sustainability but revealed few efforts to disseminate the policies beyond the original organization. Conclusions. Structural changes in community-based organizations are a valuable tool for encouraging healthy changes in communities and have great potential to be adopted, sustained, and diffused.

BackgroundApproximately 1. 07 million people in Vietnam are infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). To address this epidemic, the South East Asian Research Collaborative in Hepatitis (SEARCH) launched a 600-patient cohort study and two clinical trials, both investigating shortened treatment strategies for chronic HCV infection with direct-acting antiviral drugs. We conducted ethnographic research with a subset of trial participants and found that the majority were aware of HCV infection and its implications and were motivated to seek treatment. However, people who inject drugs (PWID), and other groups at risk for HCV were under-represented, although injecting drug use is associated with high rates of HCV.Material and MethodsWe designed a community-based participatory research (CBPR) study to engage in dialogues surrounding HCV and other community-prioritized health issues with underserved groups at risk for HCV in Ho Chi Minh City. The project consists of three phases: situation analysis, CBPR implementation, and dissemination. In this paper, we describe the results of the first phase (i.e., the situation analysis) in which we conducted desk research and organized stakeholder mapping meetings with representatives from local non-government and community-based organizations where we used participatory research methods to identify and analyze key stakeholders working with underserved populations.ResultsTwenty six institutions or groups working with the key underserved populations were identified. Insights about the challenges and dynamics of underserved communities were also gathered. Two working groups made up of representatives from the NGO and CBO level were formed.DiscussionUsing the information provided by local key stakeholders to shape the project has helped us to build solid relationships, give the groups a sense of ownership from the early stages, and made the project more context specific. These steps are not only important preliminary steps for participatory studies but also for other research that takes place within the communities.

In 1992, Québec’s government adopted a regionalization policy with the intention of enlarging the settlement possibilities for recent immigrants, thus delegating the responsibility of integrating immigrants to the regions’ local community-based organizations. These immigrants arrive in their host society needing information and services concerning their host community. Considering the supporting relationships that community-based organizations in Remote Regions cultivate with immigrants, it is relevant to address the work accomplished by those organizations’ employees. With the aim of better understanding their work, this article examines the community-based organizations responsible for the welcoming and facilitating integration of immigrants. This article proposes an ethnography based on a five blocks model of the regionalization work to take a deeper look at their daily work and gain a better understanding of their specific role in the regionalization of immigration in their community, thereby refining the initial model. It then offers a reflection on the multidimensionality of their work, which goes far beyond employability, and on the specificity of immigration in the context of remote regions.

Capital requirements for real estate are classified into four main categories, namely land acquisition, project development, construction, and sales and marketing. Land acquisition is the process of acquiring land and may include the process of securing entitlements, such as zoning and land use rights. Project development, also called property development, encompasses activities which get the land ready for the construction stage.

Abstract: The shantytown renovation resettlement housing project in the central urban area of Yongshan County is characterized by strong policy relevance, wide coverage, large construction scale, long duration, and significant social benefits, making overall project management highly challenging. Land acquisition and demolition implementation units must not only comply with compensation and resettlement policies in accordance with laws and regulations but also integrate the quality, safety, schedule, and cost of resettlement housing construction into a single management chain to avoid scenarios where "acquisition is fast, construction is slow, and handover is difficult." Based on the two versions of housing expropriation compensation and resettlement documents, namely Yong Zheng Fa [2016] No. 47 and Yong Zheng Fa [2022] No. 13, and combined with practical experience in shantytown renovation, this paper outlines key construction standards and identifies weak links in management. It proposes improvement methods focusing on systems, processes, technology, and collaboration, providing references for enhancing the management level of resettlement housing projects, reducing capital occupation during the transition period, and minimizing maintenance and repair costs.

This study is a process evaluation of a clinical-community partnership that implemented evidence-based interventions in clinical safety net settings. Adoption and implementation of evidence-based interventions in these settings can help reduce health disparities by improving the quality of clinical preventive services in health care settings with underserved populations. A clinical-community partnership model is a possible avenue to catalyze adoption and implementation of interventions amid organizational barriers to change. Three Federally Qualified Health Centers in South Los Angeles participated in a partnership led by a local community-based organization (CBO) to implement hypertension interventions. Qualitative research methods were used to evaluate intervention selection and implementation processes between January 2014 and June 2015. Data collection tools included a key participant interview guide, health care provider interview guide, and protocol for taking meeting minutes. This case study demonstrates how a CBO acted as an external facilitator and employed a collaborative partnership model to catalyze implementation of evidence-based interventions in safety net settings. The study phases observed included initiation, planning, and implementation. Three emergent categories of organizational facilitators and barriers were identified (personnel capacity, professional development capacity, and technological capacity). Key participants and health care providers expressed a high level of satisfaction with the collaborative and the interventions, respectively. The CBO's role as a facilitator and catalyst is a replicable model to promote intervention adoption and implementation in safety net settings. Key lessons learned are provided for researchers and practitioners interested in partnering with Federally Qualified Health Centers to implement health promotion interventions.

The development debate: implementation of the mega project, resource scarcity and conflict in Bangladesh

When disaster strikes in cities the effects can be catastrophic compared to other environments. But what factors actually determine the vulnerability or resilience of cities? The Vulnerability of Cities fills a vital gap in disaster studies by examining the too-often overlooked impact of disasters on cities, the conditions leading to high losses from urban disasters and why some households and communities withstand disaster more effectively than others. Mark Pelling takes a fresh look at the literature on disasters and urbanization in light of recent catastrophes. He presents three detailed studies of cities in the global South, drawn from countries with contrasting political and developmental contexts: Bridgetown, Barbados - a liberal democracy; Georgetown, Guyana - a post socialist-state; and Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic - an authoritarian state in democratic transition. This book demonstrates that strengthening local capacity - through appropriate housing, disaster-preparedness, infrastructure and livelihoods - is crucial to improving civic resilience to disasters. Equally important are strong partnerships between local community-based organizations, external non-governmental and governmental organizations, public and private sectors and between city and national government. The author highlights and discusses these best practices for handling urban disasters. With rapid urbanization across the globe, this book is a must-read for professionals, policy-makers, students and researchers in disaster management, urban development and planning, transport planning, architecture, social studies and earth sciences.