Resilient SDN-Based Communication in Vehicular Network

Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) have become a cornerstone component of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). VANET applications present a huge potential for improving road safety and travel comfort, hence the growing interest of both academia and industry. The main advantage of VANETs is its ad hoc nature which does not require fixed infrastructure or centralized administration. However, designing scalable information dissemination techniques for VANET applications remains a challenging task due to the inherent nature of such highly dynamic environments. Existing dissemination techniques often resort to simulation for performance evaluation and there are only few studies that offer mathematical modeling. In this paper we provide a comparative study of existing performance modeling approaches for data dissemination techniques designed for different VANET applications.

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) is an integrated approach being developed to exchange relevant information to increase the safety and efficiency of the road transportation systems. Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET), a variant of mobile ad hoc networks (MANET), is a core component of ITS. Performance of this smart ITS mainly owes to the design of efficient routing protocols in VANETs. Distinct features of VANETs like unsteady connectivity, high mobility and partitioning of the network have made routing of the information in VANETs difficult and challenging, hence dictating the development of efficient routing protocols. The computation of the best route measures the performance of communication whereas routing protocols takes care of communication & routing of the data. Provision of smart communication, necessitates the analysis of routing protocols in VANET. Accordingly in this paper we have reviewed various types of existing routing protocols in VANET, listing their advantages and disadvantages. Lastly possible inclinations of forthcoming research linked to VANET routing are discussed.

Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) are the promising approach to provide safety and other beneficial applications to the drivers as well as passengers. It is recognized as an essential component of intelligent transport system. In this paper, we have discussed about some security attacks in vehicular Ad hoc Network. We have also discussed about some solutions that can be implemented against these attacks. Life saving characteristics of VANET has attracted the industry and researchers. In VANET vehicles are nodes so they have no fixed infrastructure. It serves safe and non safe application in wireless medium which makes it venerable to several attacks. Keywords: VANET characteristics, Overview of attacks, Solutions.

Over the last several years, vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) technology booming as significant research topic. Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) are a component of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) that are in charge of communication between moving vehicles in a specific environment. VANETs are increasingly recognised as dependable networks that vehicles engage for communication between moving or stationary vehicles (V2V), Road side unit (RSU).The idea of enabling vehicle communication over a cellular connection prompted the creation of the new protocols, equipment, also different application scenarios. Various simulators were created at the time due to the inherent difficulties of evaluating these research contributions on a real-world test platform. The introduction of autonomous cars and the proliferation of new technology have created new research challenges in VANETs (e.g., 5G and edge computing). As a result, VANET simulators must be assessed to determine whether they are still capable of analysing these novel ideas. This study delivers a comprehensive assessment of Vehicular simulators such as Veins, EstiNet, ezCar2X, Eclipse MOSAIC, VanetSim, NetSim, VENTOS,demonstrating their current condition and capabilities for evaluating innovative situations in Vehicular network research. Depends on this demonstration, we highlight the unresolved research issues need to be resolved in current and future Vehicular network simulations.

Vehicular Adhoc Network (VANET) is becoming a fundamental important component of Intelligent Transport System (ITS). VANET is one of the evolutionary network for providing safety related services, management of traffic and other user related services. VANET communication involves either Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) or Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V). In the current scenario, Multi-hop Authenticated Proxy Mobile IP (MA-PMIP) scheme is used in VANET where only 3G networks is considered and the scheme is unable to support transmission of substantial massive data while maintaining the security. The performance of MAPMIP drastically degrades during transmission of huge volume of data which leads to huge power dissipation. To overcome these problems a novel Fuzzy logic Based Secured Routing (FBSR) mechanism is proposed. The FBSR prevents Sink hole attack and Sybil attack. In order to avoid collision during large file transfer, TDMA and multi-threading concepts are introduced in FBSR. Furthermore, the performance of FBSR is compared with contemporary routing protocols OLSR and AODV.

Vehicular communication networks is a powerful tool that enables numerous vehicular data services and applications. The rapid growth in vehicles has also resulted in the vehicular network becoming heterogeneous, dynamic, and large-scale, making it hard to meet the strict requirements, such as extremely latency, high mobility, top security, and enormous connections of the fifth-generation network. Previous studies have shown that with the increase in the application of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) on Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) in industries, researchers have exerted considerable efforts to improve vehicular communications. This study presents an exhaustive review of previous works by classifying them based on based on wireless communication, particularly VANET. First, a concise summary of the VANET structure and SDN controller with layers and details of their infrastructure is provided. Second, a description of SDN-VANET applications in different wireless communications, such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and VANET is provided with concentration on the examination and comparison of SDN-VANET works on several parameters. This paper also provides a detailed analysis of the open issues and research directions accomplished while integrating the VANET with SDN. It also highlights the current and emerging technologies with use cases in vehicular networks to address the several challenges in the VANET infrastructure. This survey acts as a catalyst in raising the emergent robustness routing protocol, latency, connectivity and security issues of future SDN-VANET architectures.

Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) being a vital component of Intelligent Transport System (ITS), is getting due attention from the research community. VANET are self-organized networks, offering a variety of services, comprising not only the safety of drivers and commuters but also provides them travel comfort, while they are on the wheels. But due to some inherent characteristics of VANETs, information dissemination is a big challenge in both dense and sparse environments. Simple broadcasting in the dense traffic environment leads to redundancy of packets, channel access contentions, and packet collisions. This results in a broadcast storm problem. On the contrary, when the traffic density is very low, information dissemination is affected by network partition and network fragmentation. To deal with such issues, we propose a Position Based Speed Adaptive Dissemination (PBSAD) approach, where relay nodes for rebroadcast are selected considering the geographical position of vehicular nodes, irrespective of their direction of movement. The speed of the message sending vehicle is taken into consideration while evaluating the time slots for rebroadcasting nodes. The approach avoids periodic beaconing to gather 1-hop information. Further, this approach ensures information dissemination in a sparse environment as well by using the store, carry, and forwarding concept in which vehicles moving in either direction can act as relay nodes. To validate the proposed approach, a comparative analysis of the PBSAD approach is done with few state of art schemes based on parameters like message delivery ratio, delay, and the number of collisions. The simulation results reveal that PBSAD performs efficiently.

A Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is an essential component of intelligent transportation systems in the building of smart cities. A VANET is a self-configure high mobile and dynamic potential wireless ad-hoc network that joins all vehicle nodes in a smart city to provide in-vehicle infotainment services to city administrators and residents. In the smart city, the On-board Unit (OBU) of each vehicle has multiple onboard sensors that are used for data collection from the surrounding environment. One of the main issues in VANET is energy efficiency and balance because the small onboard sensors can’t be quickly recharged once installed on On-board Units (OBUs). Moreover, conserving energy stands out as a crucial challenge in VANET which is primarily contingent on the selection of Cluster Heads (CH) and the adopted packet routing strategy. To address this issue, this paper proposes distance and energy-aware clustering algorithms named SOMNNDP, which use a Self-Organizing Map Neural Network (SOMNN) machine learning technique to perform faster multi-hop data dissemination. Individual Euclidean distances and residual node energy are considered as mobility parameters throughout the cluster routing process to improve and balance the energy consumption among the participating vehicle nodes. This maximizes the lifetime of VANET by ensuring that all intermediate vehicle nodes use energy at approximately the same rate. Simulation findings demonstrate that SOMNNDP improves Quality of Service (QoS) better and consumes 17% and 14% less energy during cluster routing than distance and energy-aware variation of K-Means (KM) and Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) called KMDP and FCMDP respectively.

Vehicular communication networks are a type of network in which vehicles and roadside units are the communicating nodes, providing each other with information such as safety warnings and traffic information. As a cooperative approach, vehicular communications can be more effective in avoiding accidents and traffic congestion, rather than each vehicle trying to solve these problems individually. Therefore, intelligent transportation systems (ITS) have been developed to address the challenges of the safety, security, and efficacy of the current transportation systems. The field of inter vehicular communications (IVC) includes both vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to infrastructures (V2I) communication and is also known as the vehicular ad hoc network (VANET). The VANET is recognized as an important component of ITS in various national plans [1]. Direct communication between vehicles may be set up by means of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), which do not depend on the altered foundation. Research on MANETs covers the application prerequisites and correspondence conventions for everything from sensor systems to handheld PCs and vehicular frameworks [2].

Recent Advances in Machine-Learning Driven Intrusion Detection in Transportation: Survey

With the proliferation of vehicular technology, modern vehicles are fortified with ever more electronic maneuvers. This advancement ratifies the evolution of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)to provide services like shared travel, smart driving, on-the-go Internet, etc. As a traditional application of ITS, a Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) enables smart communication between vehicle nodes and network infrastructures to provide various expedient services such as road safety, data sharing, traffic management, parking assistance, entertainment, route recommendation, mobile payment, and even cloud applications. The high-speed mobile nodes (vehicles) in VANET perform very differently from other wireless communication networks and have a set of distinct features such as frequent link disconnection, highly dynamic topology, limited coverage area, and heterogeneous system architecture that may affect the performance and service quality of the VANET significantly. With this motivation, this work attempts to develop distributed cooperative cluster-based IDS to identify potential cyberattacks in VANET effectively. Firstly, this work develops a stable and reliable clustering method named Fuzzy Logic-based Clustering (FLC) to create a collaborative and reliable communication environment. A new fuzzy logic-based CH node selection algorithm is also developed based on node degree, average velocity difference, and relative velocity of the vehicle to create a more robust clustering structure with minimum cost in VANET

Software Defined Network (SDN) is getting popularity both from academic and industry. Lot of researches have been made to combine SDN with future Internet paradigms to manage and control networks efficiently. SDN provides better management and control in a network through decoupling of data and control plane. Named Data Networking (NDN) is a future Internet technique with aim to replace IPv4 addressing problems. In NDN, communication between different nodes done on the basis of content names rather than IP addresses. Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is a subtype of MANET which is also considered as a hot area for future applications. Different vehicles communicate with each other to form a network known as VANET. Communication between VANET can be done in two ways (i) Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) (ii) Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I). Combination of SDN and NDN techniques in future Internet can solve lot of problems which were hard to answer by considering a single technique. Security in VANET is always challenging due to unstable topology of VANET. In this paper, we merge future Internet techniques and propose a new scheme to answer timing attack problem in VANETs named as Timing Attack Prevention (TAP) protocol. Proposed scheme is evaluated through simulations which shows the superiority of proposed protocol regarding detection and mitigation of attacker vehicles as compared to normal timing attack scenario in NDN based VANET.

Smart roads have become an essential component of intelligent transportation systems (ITS). The roadside perception technology, a critical aspect of smart roads, utilizes various sensors, roadside units (RSUs), and edge computing devices to gather real-time traffic data for vehicle-road cooperation. However, the full potential of smart roads in improving the safety and efficiency of autonomous vehicles only can be realized through the mass deployment of roadside perception and communication devices. On the one hand, roadside devices require significant investment but can only achieve monitoring function currently, resulting in no profitability for investors. On the other hand, drivers lack trust in the safety of autonomous driving technology, making it difficult to promote large-scale commercial applications. To deal with the dilemma of mass deployment, we propose a novel smart-road vehicle-guiding architecture for vehicle-road cooperative autonomous driving, based on which we then propose the corresponding business model and analyze its benefits from both operator and driver perspectives. The numerical simulations validate that our proposed smart road solution can enhance driving safety and traffic efficiency. Moreover, we utilize the costbenefit analysis (CBA) model to assess the economic advantages of the proposed business model which indicates that the smart highway that can provide vehicle-guided-driving services for autonomous vehicles yields more profit than the regular highway.

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) present an intriguing platform for several applications on e.g., intelligent transportation system (ITS) and infotainment applications aspire to be the main pattern of communication among vehicles while travelling. This can significantly impact on the amount of data exchanged by vehicles, increasing the contention on communication links and thus, degrading the quality of service of these applications. So, discrimination of data becomes imperative and forwarding critical information on suitable routes becomes decisive. Hence, a quality of service (QoS)-driven mechanism is needed to handle and assign network resources according to the stringent application data traffic demands. But, VANETs high node mobility and frequent link failure, stuck a big challenge in implementing an effective policy to meet and enforce these QoS requirements. A promising way to tackle this issue is to enforce QoS at the network layer, since it is the crucial point in VANETs’ communication. So, over the years, many QoS-aware routing protocols were specifically conceived for VANETs. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of QoS-aware routing protocols in VANETs’ literature. We examined the protocols based on their ability to support ITS infotainment services, their multi-constraint path problem (MCP), protocol’s functionality and weakness, objectives and design challenges. This way, we outline future directions for VANETs QoS-aware protocol research.

Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET) have emerged as a viable solution for the network related problems in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs). However, with its current architecture, especially with the unavailability of the global network information, VANET has not been able to fulfill some of the necessities for efficient information dissemination and most critically, still lacks flexibility and programmability. Recently, Software Defined Networking (SDN) has been introduced into the vehicular domain in order to overcome the shortcomings in VANET. SDN is capable of handling the dynamic nature of networks with intelligent applications while lowering operational costs through simplified hardware and software. Yet, the architectural limitations of the presented Software Defined Vehicular Networks (SDVN), especially the centralization of control plane and its placement, have imposed doubts on its usability especially in the midst of stringent delay requirement of VANET applications.