Resource allocation to mitigate channel interference in mobile wireless sensor networks

The collaboration between wireless sensor networks and the distributed robotics has prompted the making of mobile sensor networks. However, there has been a growing enthusiasm in developing mobile sensor networks, which are the favoured family of wireless sensor networks in which autonomous movement assumes a key part in implementing its application. By introducing mobility to nodes in wireless sensor networks, the capability and flexibility of mobile sensor networks can be enhanced to support multiple mansions, and to address the previously stated issues. The reduction in costs of mobile sensor networks and their expanding capacities makes mobile sensor networks conceivable and useful. Today, many types of research are focused on the making of mobile wireless sensor networks due to their favourable advantage and applications. Allowing the sensors to be mobile will boost the utilization of mobile wireless sensor networks beyond that of static wireless sensor networks. Sensors can be mounted on, or implanted in animals to monitor their movements for examinations, but they can also be deployed in unmanned airborne vehicles for surveillance or environmental mapping. Mobile wireless sensor networks and robotics play a crucial role if it integrated with static nodes to become a Mobile Robot, which can enhance the capabilities, and enables their new applications. Mobile robots provide a means of exploring and interacting with the environment in more dynamic and decentralised ways. In addition, this new system of networked sensors and robots allowed the development of fresh solutions to classical problems such as localization and navigation beyond that. This article presents an overview of mobile sensor network issues, sensor networks in robotics and the application of robotic sensor networks.

Group mobility in wireless sensor network (WSN) is of particular importance in many practical application scenarios. In this paper, the group mobility management in IPv6 over Low power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN) based WSN is considered and the application of network mobility (NEMO) protocol to support group mobility in WSN is discussed. A new network architecture supporting the integration of NEMO and 6LoWPAN-based WSN is proposed, the group mobility management mechanism and the corresponding signaling flow are discussed. Simulation results demonstrate that comparing to MIPv6, the application of NEMO protocol in 6LoWPAN reduces both the handoff latency and the energy consumption of sensor node.

Mobile wireless sensor networks play a vital role in today’s real world applications in which the sensor nodes are related to the mobile network. Mobile wireless sensor networks are much added in resourceful than stagnant wireless sensor networks as the sensor nodes there in can be organize in any situation and deal with rapid topology changes. Secure power management is effective during an inside attack or other malicious attacks. It then efficiently turns the wireless sensor network nodes into inactive mode when they are unused and stir them up when required. To providing robust secure power management in wireless sensor networks. We proposed Efficient Secure Management Technique (ESMT) in mobile wireless sensor network. This scheme sends data efficiently across the network using routing strategy along with efficient security management.

Numerous service parameters are impacted by the high node power in Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks (MWSN). There is a loss of energy due to the fact that the sensor nodes were constructed with a certain quantity of power and must expend some of that power with each data transmission. However, the nodes are able to complete any data transmission through cooperative communication. Although there are a variety of routing strategies that can be applied to mobile wireless sensor networks, cluster-based routing has been shown to have the most effect on meeting performance goals. If a node in a network group wants to communicate with a node that isn't part of the group directly, it uses a gateway to do so. New methods for optimizing bee colonies are utilised to help mobile wireless sensor networks adopt optimal routing. Clustering mobile sink nodes, which collect data from the network's sensor nodes, have been taken into account for wireless sensor networks. The sensor nodes provide their most current status updates and can be found in close proximity to one another. After that, a fuzzy logic-based inter-cluster routing mechanism is created so that cluster participants can send and receive messages.

In the era of New Generation Networks (NWGN) many emerging and future enable technologies accomplish the requirements of ubiquitous communication networks. Mobile wireless sensor network (mWSN) is one of the rising and emerging technologies for various application of NWGN, the enormous concerns of these networks are data gathering with energy efficiency. Routing protocol act as middleware, which is responsible to enhance the network performance with less energy consumption. In this paper we propose, analyze and validate mobile data collector (MDC) based LEACH routing protocol for environmental application which is based on multi-hop routing strategy. MDC based LEACH routing protocol utilizes self-organized sensor nodes with distributed cluster formation technique, randomly selection of cluster heads to equally balance the energy consumption among the sensor nodes and finally forward the data to base station by the support of MDC. Moreover, our approach shows the significant improvement in terms of energy consumption of sensor nodes, enhance network lifetime and data gathering at base station are outperform when compared with LEACH protocol. Key words: Mobile wireless sensor networks, wireless sensor networks, network protocol, cluster based routing, data gathering technique.

One important issue in wireless sensor networks is how to gather sensed information in an energy efficient way since the energy is a scarce resource in a sensor node. Many protocols have been proposed for data-gathering between wireless sensor nodes. However, most of these protocols work on static wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we provide clustering-based and time-driven protocols which minimize energy dissipation for data-gathering in wireless mobile sensor networks where the sensor nodes are capable of mobility. We first consider the node mobility when organizing clusters. Our protocols will have a sensor node select a proper cluster-head to join in order to save energy. We then consider how to elect the cluster-heads and provide two algorithms for cluster-head election. Last, we implement all the protocols and perform the experiments for evaluating the protocols.

The rapid advancement in computing has enabled the development of low cost wireless sensor networks (WSNs), and making WSNs one of the most important research areas. Based on the characteristics and major purpose of WSNs, it has been proposed to integrate sensor network and database technologies to improve the management of data processed from sensor networks. The distributed database is not a new research issue, but in case of WSN, there exists much extra difficulty because there are numerous constraints in WSNs comparing with traditional distributed database, such as limited energy, mobility and heterogeneity. This paper introduces the basic concept of query processing in WSN and how it is performed, presents the state-of-the-art by examining six current related projects, identifies the research challenges highlighted by major related projects, and looks at how the projects proposed to address those research challenges. It has been found that several limitations of the existing related approaches were emerged in mobile and heterogeneous WSN. This paper has also investigated these limitations and discussed the possible future research directions.

Mobile Wireless Sensor Network(MWSN) is a spring up field of research in contrast to their well established predecessor-static WSN. The advantages of mobile wireless sensor network over static wireless sensor networks include better energy efficiency, improved coverage, enhanced target tracking, and superior channel capacity. They are much more versatile than WSN because they can be deployed in any scenario and cope with rapid topology changes. One of the main constraints for communication in MWSN is to maximize point-to-point connectivity between nodes. For this Distributed Scheduling is the optimal choice. Time Synchronized Channel Hopping (TSCH) is the suitable underlaying scheme for communication in MWSN. In this paper, Distributed scheduling algorithms for TSCH based MWSN is studied. Reservation based algorithm is used for scheduling and its performance is evaluated. Giving consideration to interference from co-located wireless systems utilizing the same spectral space in 2.4 GHz MWSN environment, scheduling technique is modified using Cognitive Scheme- Wavelet Packet analysis based Channel quality estimation. Simulation results shows that scheduling efficiency is improved about 25% using the proposed scheme.

The use of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is growing up in the last few years. Therefore, new challenges arise every day and one of the emerging challenges in WSNs is the nodes mobility support. This feature increases the application areas of these technologies but also raises new challenges to solve. This paper proposes a new handover mechanism, called Hand4MAC (Handover mechanism for MAC layer supporting continuous communication in mobile wireless sensor networks), to deal with body sensors mobility in scenarios where patients are hospitalized. This approach tries to provide continuous monitoring and communication with these sensor nodes when they move across different access points wireless coverage range. The proposed method for medium access control (MAC) layer considers that nodes remain within the same network. The evaluation study of the proposed algorithm was performed by simulation and evaluated in comparison with the well-known RSSI-based handover algorithm. It was concluded that Hand4MAC performs better and reveals promising results for real deployment.

Target coverage is an important issue in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). This work copes with the target coverage problem which detaches a set of mobile sensors to targets efficiently. Given a set of disconnected targets with different quality of monitoring (QoM) and a set of mobile sensors which are distributed randomly in the networks, this paper develops two efficient algorithms for detaching mobile sensors to the targets such that the QoM of each target is satisfied. Performance study reveals that the proposed mechanisms outperform known mechanisms in terms of the satisfied QoMs of all targets and the movement cost of all mobile sensors as well as the life time of the wireless mobile sensor networks (WMSNs).

This paper presents a novel design for a wireless mobile platform to locate and gather data from different types of optical fiber sensors, thereby enabling the more effective integration of a number of such optical fiber sensors with an advanced mobile wireless sensor network (WSN). This then more readily permits potential applications, such as monitoring in remote and harsh environments and tracking, exploiting fully the combined advantages offered both by the mobile WSN and the advanced optical fiber sensing technologies. The platform which was designed and implemented consists of an optical fiber sensor module and a smart mobile WSN module, which shows important advantages for mobile sensing and tracking and mesh networking. In this paper, a fiber Bragg grating-based temperature sensor and an intrinsic pH optical fiber sensor were specially designed and integrated successfully into the optical fiber sensor module as an exemplar to investigate the performance of the integrated system based on the mobile WSN platform. The positive experimental results obtained have confirmed the functionality of the platform designed and demonstrated its capacity for real-time optical fiber sensor data monitoring, processing, and wireless transmission. The successful creation of this type of wireless mobile platform with optical fiber sensors can thus be expected to make an important impact on a number of sectors, where either conventional optical sensor designs or WSNs alone cannot meet the systems requirements.

Recent advancements in wireless communications and electronics have enabled the development of low cost sensor networks. Among the protocols of wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols are given more priority as traditional MAC protocols are not suitable for Wireless communication. As many of the MAC protocols consider the sensor nodes to be stationary, and when these protocols are used in mobile environment the network performance decreases. In this paper, we introduce a new TDMA based MAC protocol which can be used in mobile wireless sensor network. This protocol uses TDMA based MAC scheme where the time will be divided into frames and then time slots. These slots are further divided into sections as channel request (CR), channel allocation (CA) and data section. We will also design an algorithm considering the energy efficiency of a wireless sensor network. Therefore the life time of the sensor nodes deployed in a wireless sensor network will be increased.

The mature design of wireless mobile sensor network makes it to be used in vast verities of applications including from home used to the security surveillance. All such types of applications based on wireless mobile sensor network are generally using real time data, most of them are interested in real time communication directly from cluster head of cluster instead of a base station in cluster network. This would be possible if an external user allows to directly access real time data from the cluster head in cluster wireless mobile sensor network instead of accessing data from base station. But this leads to a serious security breach and degrades the performance of any security protocol available in this domain. Most existing schemes for authentication and cluster key management for external users, exchange a number of messages between cluster head and base station to allow external to access real time data from the base station instead of cluster head. This increase communication cost and delay in such real time access information. To handle this critical issue in cluster wireless mobile sensor network, we propose a lightweight authentication and key management scheme using a fuzzy extractor. In this scheme, any external user can access data directly from the cluster head of any cluster without the involvement of the base station. The proposed scheme only uses the one-way hash functions and bitwise XOR operations, apart from the fuzzy extractor method for the user biometric verification at the login phase. The presented scheme supports scalability for an increasing number of nodes using polynomials. The proposed scheme increases the life-time of the network by decreasing the key pool size.

Recent studies have shown that utilizing a mobile sink to harvest and carry data from wireless sensor network (WSN) can enhance network operations and balance the network energy consumption. Because of the sink mobility, the paths between the sensor nodes and the sink change frequently, and have profound influence on the lifetime of WSN. To find an efficient protocol that can maintain the routes between the mobile sink and nodes with few network resources are important. We propose a swarm intelligent algorithm based route maintaining protocol in this paper to resolve this issue. The protocol utilizes the concentric ring mechanism to guide the route researching direction, and the optimal routing selection to maintain the data delivery route. Using the immune based artificial bee colony (IABC) algorithm to optimize the forwarding path, the protocol could find an alternative path efficiently when sink moves. The results of our experiments demonstrate that the protocol could balance the network traffic load.

ARBIC: An Adjustable Range Based Immune hierarchy Clustering protocol supporting mobility of Wireless Sensor Networks