Response

Electrocardiographic features of patients with COVID-19: One year of unexpected manifestations

Rear Window—What Can the Gut Tell Us About Long-COVID?

COVID-19 in Kidney Transplantation: Outcomes, Immunosuppression Management, and Operational Challenges.

Cardiac Surgery-Enhanced Recovery Programs Modified for COVID-19: Key Steps to Preserve Resources, Manage Caseload Backlog, and Improve Patient Outcomes

De Novo and Relapsing Glomerular Diseases After COVID-19 Vaccination: What Do We Know So Far?

The Emerging Role of Bivalirudin for Therapeutic Anticoagulation in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Requiring Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support: Is It Time to Change the Routine Practice?

Reply to: “Liver tests abnormalities in COVID-19: trick or treat?”

Using preprints in evidence synthesis: Commentary on experience during the COVID-19 pandemic

The Johns Hopkins Post-Acute COVID-19 Team (PACT): A Multidisciplinary, Collaborative, Ambulatory Framework Supporting COVID-19 Survivors

Fellowship Training in Adult Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology: Navigating the New Educational Landscape as a Result of the Coronavirus Crisis

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic constitutes a global health emergency. Currently, there are no completely effective therapeutic medications for the management of this outbreak. The cytokine storm is a hyperinflammatory medical condition due to excessive and uncontrolled release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients suffering from severe COVID-19, leading to the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and even mortality. Understanding the pathophysiology of COVID-19 can be helpful for the treatment of patients. Evidence suggests that the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6 are dramatically different between mild and severe patients, so they may be important contributors to the cytokine storm. Several serum markers can be predictors for the cytokine storm. This review discusses the cytokines involved in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, focusing on interferons (IFNs) and ILs, and whether they can be used in COVID-19 treatment. Moreover, we highlight several microRNAs that are involved in these cytokines and their role in the cytokine storm caused by COVID-19.

Asthma, biologics, corticosteroids, and coronavirus disease 2019

Post-mortem molecular investigations of SARS-CoV-2 in an unexpected death of a recent kidney transplant recipient.

Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic for Pediatric Primary Care Practice in Europe

COVID-19 and Gastrointestinal Tract Symptoms: Recognition, Containment, and Learning From the Past