RESTful Web Services

The article describes a method for developing and modelling composite web-services. Web-service composition is used to derive new functionality from the interaction of existing web-services. Composite web-services are built in several stages: specifications (determining the type of service); development of the structure of the service based on the algebra of services; service composition modelling; selecting a service variant and generating a service. The main elements of the proposed approach are the algebra of services and web-services interaction models (basic and composite). The above approach formally presents the consideration of the main aspects in solving problems related to the construction of effective composite web-services and the selection of mathematical models, namely: description of web-services, determining the structure of web-services, taking into account the dynamics of information changes, taking into account the main uncertainties in building the structure web-services. Based on the approach, a method for constructing composite web-services has been developed. The method is based on an algebraic description of a web-service based on a specialized algebra of services. The method consists of the following steps: description of the task of developing a web-service; development of the structure of a web service based on the algebra of services; formal description of the structure and clarification of service operations; building models of functioning and interaction of service components; building simulation models of the composite service; defining the final structure of the composite service; web-service implementation. The main tool for describing composite services is the algebra of services, and the model building tool is colouredPetri nets implemented using СPN Tools. As an example of the application of the developed method, the construction of a pharmaceutical service is described, in which the modellingof the interaction of web-services based on Petri nets is used. The process of building a composite model of a web-service is considered. The process begins with building a pharmaceutical web-service model structure based on the service algebra. Based on the service algebra, operators were developed to implement composite services. The structure of the model is developed, which is presented in the form of a formal description. The process of building pharmaceutical service models in the СPN Tools environment is described in detail.

There has been a great deal of hype in the business world concerning Web services. You have probably heard all about them recently, you may have read an article about them. The truth is that I have heard as many different explanations for what a Web service is as people I have heard try to explain what it is. This chapter gives you a solid definition (at least, my version) of what a Web service is and a practical overview of how to implement one. This chapter covers how to create a Web service and how to incorporate the code that you already created for the rest of the NorthwindTraders application. It also covers how to access that Web service from another Windows forms application. You will also see you how to create classes based on a Web service using the Web Service Description Language (WSDL) utility that ships with.NET. This chapter does not cover Web service security, which is an extremely large topic, or the many competing standards and organizations pushing for those standards.

14 - Web Services and SOA for DBA, Data Architects, and Others

The widespread use and expansion of the World Wide Web has revolutionized the discovery, access, and retrieval of information. The Internet has become the doorway to a vast information base and has leveraged the access to information through standard protocols and technologies like HyperText Markup Language (HTML), active server pages (ASP), Java server pages (JSP), Web databases, and Web services. Web services are software applications that are accessible over the World Wide Web through standard communication protocols. A Web service typically has a Webaccessible interface for its clients at the front end, and is connected to a database system and other related application suites at the back end. Thus, Web services can render efficient Web access to an information base in a secured and selective manner. The true success of this technology, however, largely depends on the efficient management of the various components forming the backbone of a Web service system. This chapter presents an overview and the state of the art of various management approaches, models, and architectures for Web services systems toward achieving quality of service (QoS) in Web data access. Finally, it discusses the importance of autonomic or self-managing systems and provides an outline of our current research on autonomic Web services.

This research aims to design build web services as data integration on Pharmacy RSU Banyumas using simple object access protocol method. This research was conducted with the stages of planning, analysis, design, implementation, testing and evaluation. Web services is a new paradigm in implementing distributed systems over the web using XML technology base with standard HTTP and SOAP protocols. Given the open-standard support technologies used in web services, the web services implementation is promising a lot of conveniences and improvements in support of the integration of a wide range of system platforms and applications, either through internet or intranet infrastructure or extranet. The result of this research is harmonious web services using simple object access protocol that provides the pharmaceutical information system solution without having to build new applications with web services as data integration

The contribution is a logical continuation of a whole series of authors' works in the field of using abstract vector spaces for digital signal processing. In doing so, the authors specialize in the processing of specific signals related processes in geotechnology. In the first part of this paper are characterized appropriate mathematical starting points, using which was compiled web application. The application solves the mutual comparison of each input element-vector with reference elements and using inner product and mathematical view of these elements, to each element is assigned a corresponding position in three-dimensional Euclidean vector space. On the basis of this application was in our department designed and implemented web service Nto3Service. The term web service refers to the technologies that allow for making connections. A service is the endpoint of a connection. Also, a service has some type of underlying computer system that supports the connection offered [1]. A detailed description of the design of web service is a content of second part of the paper. It covers the purpose of the service, description of the various methods of service and their parameters, structure of the web service, the web service output structures, a description of the error states and a description of the WSDL (web services description language) file. Next part of the contribution specifies the implementation of the web service and how to create a service client. In the description of the presentation application of web service are listed its various functions, illustrative example and applications areas. The final part of the contribution summarizes the results obtained and how to use them to solve practical problems by different users in different development environments.

Service-oriented architecture (SOA) is being increasingly used by developers both in web applications and in mobile applications. Within web services there are two main implementations: SOAP communication protocol and REST. This work presents a comparative study of performance between these two types of web services, SOAP versus REST, as well as analyses factors that may affect the efficiency of applications that are based on this architecture. In this experimental evaluation we used an application deployed in a Wildfly server and then used the JMeter test tool to launch requests in different numbers of threads and calls. Contrary to the more general idea that REST web services are significantly faster than SOAP, our results show that REST web services are 1% faster than SOAP. As this programming paradigm is increasingly used in a growing number of client and server applications, we conclude that the REST implementation is more efficient for systems which have to respond to less calls but have more requests in a connection.

The development of e-commerce in Indonesia in the last five years has significantly increased the growth for logistics service companies. The Indonesian Logistics and Forwarders Association (ALFI) has predicted the growth potential of the logistics business in Indonesia to reach more than 30% by 2020. One of the efforts of logistics business companies to improve services in the logistics services business competition is to implement web service technology on mobile platforms, to easy access to services for customers. This research aims to build a web service with a RESTful approach. The REST architecture has limitations in the form of no authentication mechanism, so users can access and modify data. To improve its services, JSON Web Token (JWT) technology is needed in the authentication process and security of access rights. In terms of data storage and transmission security, a cryptographic algorithm is also needed to encrypt and maintain confidentiality in the database. RC4 algorithm is a cryptographic algorithm that is famous for its speed in the encoding process. RC4 encryption results are processed with the Base64 Algorithm so that encrypted messages can be stored in a database. The combination of the RC4 method with the Base64 method has strengthened aspects of database security. This research resulted in a prototype application that was built with a combination of web service methods, JWT and cryptographic techniques. The test results show that the web service application at the logistics service company that was created can run well with relatively fast access time, which is an average of 176 ms. With this access time, the process of managing data and information becomes more efficient because before making this application the process of handling a transaction takes up to 20 minutes.

BackgroundBiomedical ontologies are being widely used to annotate biological data in a computer-accessible, consistent and well-defined manner. However, due to their size and complexity, annotating data with appropriate terms from an ontology is often challenging for experts and non-experts alike, because there exist few tools that allow one to quickly find relevant ontology terms to easily populate a web form.ResultsWe have produced a tool, OntologyWidget, which allows users to rapidly search for and browse ontology terms. OntologyWidget can easily be embedded in other web-based applications. OntologyWidget is written using AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML) and has two related elements. The first is a dynamic auto-complete ontology search feature. As a user enters characters into the search box, the appropriate ontology is queried remotely for terms that match the typed-in text, and the query results populate a drop-down list with all potential matches. Upon selection of a term from the list, the user can locate this term within a generic and dynamic ontology browser, which comprises the second element of the tool. The ontology browser shows the paths from a selected term to the root as well as parent/child tree hierarchies. We have implemented web services at the Stanford Microarray Database (SMD), which provide the OntologyWidget with access to over 40 ontologies from the Open Biological Ontology (OBO) website [1]. Each ontology is updated weekly. Adopters of the OntologyWidget can either use SMD's web services, or elect to rely on their own. Deploying the OntologyWidget can be accomplished in three simple steps: (1) install Apache Tomcat [2] on one's web server, (2) download and install the OntologyWidget servlet stub that provides access to the SMD ontology web services, and (3) create an html (HyperText Markup Language) file that refers to the OntologyWidget using a simple, well-defined format.ConclusionWe have developed OntologyWidget, an easy-to-use ontology search and display tool that can be used on any web page by creating a simple html description. OntologyWidget provides a rapid auto-complete search function paired with an interactive tree display. We have developed a web service layer that communicates between the web page interface and a database of ontology terms. We currently store 40 of the ontologies from the OBO website [1], as well as a several others. These ontologies are automatically updated on a weekly basis. OntologyWidget can be used in any web-based application to take advantage of the ontologies we provide via web services or any other ontology that is provided elsewhere in the correct format. The full source code for the JavaScript and description of the OntologyWidget is available from .

Web services play an important role in the development of distributed systems. Particularly, the possibility of composing already implemented web services in order to provide new functionalities is an interesting approach for building distributed applications and business processes. In this paper we focus on mismatches occurring during dynamic composition of web services. We propose an algorithm for dynamic and automatic composition and adaptation of web services. Our approach only uses the information that is already available in service interface descriptions. The algorithm allows programmers to define dynamic web service compositions without changing the source code.

In service-oriented computing, applications are often created by integrating third-party Web Services. Current integration approaches, however, require client applications to hardcode references to specific Web Services, thereby affecting adaptability and robustness. Moreover, support for client-side management is rarely provided. To enable the development of more flexible and robust applications, we propose to insert a new layer between the client applications and the Web Services: the Web Services Management Layer (WSML). This layer decouples Web Services from client applications and enables hot-swapping between semantically equivalent Web Services based on availability. This mechanism allows for dynamic switching between Web Services based on selection policies that encapsulate changing business requirements. In addition, with WSML, client-side management concerns (e.g., caching, billing and logging) can be decoupled from the applications. In this paper, we identify a list of requirements for WSML to realize dynamic integration and client-side service management, and provide support for service criteria to govern the selection, integration and composition of Web Services. We also show that dynamic Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP) is well suited to implement the core functionality of WSML.

At the present, coding sequence (CDS) has been discovered and larger CDS is being revealed frequently. Approaches and related tools have also been developed and upgraded concurrently, especially for phylogenetic tree analysis. This paper proposes an integrated automatic Taverna workflow for the phylogenetic tree inferring analysis using public access web services at European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), and our own deployed local web services. The workflow input is a set of CDS in the Fasta format. The workflow supports 1,000 to 20,000 numbers in bootstrapping replication. The workflow performs the tree inferring such as Parsimony (PARS), Distance Matrix - Neighbor Joining (DIST-NJ), and Maximum Likelihood (ML) algorithms of EMBOSS PHYLIPNEW package based on our proposed Multiple Sequence Alignment (MSA) similarity score. The local web services are implemented and deployed into two types using the Soaplab2 and Apache Axis2 deployment. There are SOAP and Java Web Service (JWS) providing WSDL endpoints to Taverna Workbench, a workflow manager. The workflow has been validated, the performance has been measured, and its results have been verified. Our workflow's execution time is less than ten minutes for inferring a tree with 10,000 replicates of the bootstrapping numbers. This paper proposes a new integrated automatic workflow which will be beneficial to the bioinformaticians with an intermediate level of knowledge and experiences. All local services have been deployed at our portal http://bioservices.sci.psu.ac.th.

The vagueness, fuzziness and uncertainty present in medical diagnosis are handled by fuzzy logic formalisms. Medical diagnosis process is simulated using various techniques, some of which are using fuzzy logic. The simulation of differential diagnosis process developed using fuzzy formalisms works in three stages. Initial screening stage accepts symptoms of patient and after computations results into an output as single or multiple diseases. For multiple diseases, this output is taken as input to Stage II which takes another input as history of the patient to give single or multiple diseases. This output and the investigative tests results are input to Stage III which works on Type 1 Fuzzy Inference System and gives single disease output. Development of a desktop application made the system scope limited to one user. The research web application widens the scope of the system thereby increasing utility of the model. The proposed system uses REST (Representational State Transfer) web service architecture having thin UI (User Interface) client serving multiple devices. Input is communicated to web server by client browser; web server in turn forward the request to application server. The application server executes all the complex algorithms to lift the heavy execution part and it shares the result to the client in the form of REST API via web server. The use of three-tier architecture helps to separate the application to divide the processing load on one machine. The client application is lightweight and stateless resulting minimum load on client browser. The use of Single Page Application (SPA) allows different devices and other applications to utilize same API developed. The web application for simulation of differential diagnosis in gynaecology diseases using fuzzy logic is an innovative step, can be used in medical centres at rural areas or can be a teaching aid to medical students or can be an assistant for general physicians.

A technical concept has been developed which employs a service-oriented architecture (SOA) as an IT platform and ecosystem to handle different modalities, devices, and data streams in the OR. A SOA ecosystem is deployed to interconnect modalities of an anesthesia workplace and an endoscopic surgery workplace with a hospital information system. The integration of the anesthesia cockpit into a SOA based network is achieved with a disparate Web Application Server. This server physically connects to the data ports of the anesthesia unit and transforms ventilation and hemodynamic data into Web Services. The implemented Web Services for hemodynamic and respiration data are using an XML vocabulary that is predominantly taken from the ISO/IEEE 11073-10201 standard. Implemented Web Services rely on an adapted and standardized domain information model that forms the basis for the representation of medical device and vital signs semantics. Forthcoming research efforts will be directed towards an enhanced SOA based registry and repository that includes governance and policies of Web Services that are generated by networked medical systems.

Web service-based application development has become a vital component of the modern in-formation technology ecosystem. The implementation of web services facilitates interoperability among diverse systems and platforms. REST API (REpresentational State Transfer Application Programming Interface) is one of the most popular architectures for creating efficient and scalable web services. This study examines the implementation of REST API in the development of web service-based applications. The case study focuses on the creation of a Web service-based Research Proposal Selection System. The REST API implementation method in this study adheres to the system development life cycle (SDLC) to ensure that the developed API meets business needs while being efficient, secure, and reliable. The analysis phase is conducted to gather both functional and non-functional REST API requirements. During the design phase, the REST API architecture is designed in detail, including how data will be transferred and processed, and how the API will interact with databases and other systems. Furthermore, in the implementation phase, the REST API is developed, ensuring that each endpoint operates correctly. In developing the Proposal Selection System, the implementation of web services integrates data from various existing sys-tems, including employee, academic, and research data. The system encompasses various features, such as proposal import, proposal mapping, proposal review, proposal assessment, proposal se-lection, and reporting. The research findings indicate that implementing the REST API simplifies the development of web service applications. The test results reveal that the average response time is relatively stable, measuring 31 ms without iterations and 29 ms with five iterations.