RETRACTED: Canonical duality theory for solving nonconvex/discrete constrained global optimization problems

This chapter presents a comprehensive review and some new developments on canonical duality theory for nonconvex systems. Based on a tricanonical form for quadratic minimization problems, an insightful relation between canonical dual transformations and nonlinear (or extended) Lagrange multiplier methods is presented. Connections between complementary variational principles in nonconvex mechanics and Lagrange duality in global optimization are also revealed within the framework of the canonical duality theory. Based on this framework, traditional saddle Lagrange duality and the so-called biduality theory, discovered in convex Hamiltonian systems and d.c. programming, are presented in a unified way; together, they serve as a foundation for the triality theory in nonconvex systems. Applications are illustrated by a class of nonconvex problems in continuum mechanics and global optimization. It is shown that by the use of the canonical dual transformation, these nonconvex constrained primal problems can be converted into certain simple canonical dual problems, which can be solved to obtain all extremal points. Optimality conditions (both local and global) for these extrema can be identified by the triality theory. Some new results on general nonconvex programming with nonlinear constraints are also presented as applications of this canonical duality theory. This review brings some fundamentally new insights into nonconvex mechanics, global optimization, and computational science.

A key development of the last decade of scholarly publishing has been the rise in importance of the independent support organization. Typically acronymic, these organizations provide assistance, education, and standards to the scholarly publishing community. Having just marked 25 years since its founding, the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) was one of the first of these organizations and has become a crucial source for guidance and education on publication ethics for journals and editors. As COPE Executive Officer, Natalie Ridgeway has been instrumental in steering the organization through recent changes and expansion as the recognition of the importance of publication ethics has grown. Science Editor spoke with Natalie about her history with COPE, its growth as an international organization, and the intersection of diversity, equity, and inclusion and ethics. Science Editor: How did you become involved with COPE? Natalie Ridgeway: I joined COPE back in 2010, starting as the Operations Manager. Back then I was the only employee, and we were supported by a freelance administrator who had been there right from the early days. Then around 2013, my job was moved into what it is now the Executive Officer. SE: It appears that COPE has expanded the number of staff since then too. Ridgeway: We have. It was just me and the administrator for quite some time and we were supported by a freelance web manager and then another freelancer who supported us with our membership applications to ensure a high-quality standard for COPE membership. In 2017, COPE started […]

In this work we provide a rigorous study of quadratically constrained quadratic optimization problems using the method suggested by the canonical duality theory (CDT). Then we compare our results with those obtained using CDT. We also point out unnecessarily strong assumptions (e.g. Ruan and Gao, in: Gao, Latorre, Ruan (eds) Canonical duality theory. Advances in mechanics and mathematics. Springer, Cham, vol 37, pp 315–338, 2017), non-standard definitions (e.g. Ruan and Gao, in: Gao, Latorre, Ruan (eds) Canonical duality theory. Advances in mechanics and mathematics. Springer, Cham, vol 37, pp 187–201, 2017), unclear statements (e.g. Gao and Ruan in J Glob Optim 47:463–484, 2010), false results (e.g. Gao et al. in J Glob Optim 45:473–497, 2009; Gao and Ruan 2010).

Background: The Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) are two internationally recognised organisations in the field of publication ethics. Guidelines from these two organisations were updated in 2018. Objectives: To assess the extent to which the journal Pharmactuel is compliant with the guidelines on publication ethics updated by ICMJE and COPE in 2018 and, where the journal is found  wanting, to take the necessary steps to make it compliant. Methods:  A list of updated criteria – 56 by ICMJE and 22 by COPE – was compiled. In January 2020, compliance with each of these criteria was evaluated by the editor-in-chief and validated by all six associate editors. The evaluation was followed by an action plan to improve compliance, and the evaluation was repeated in November 2020. Results: Of the 56 ICMJE criteria, Pharmactuel was fully compliant with 31 and partly compliant with 10 criteria (a compliance rate of 73%, taking the two together). The corresponding figures for the 22 COPE criteria were 17, 3, and 91%. By modifying its editorial policies, training its associate editors, and creating appropriate guidelines for its editorial board and editors, Pharmactuel achieved almost 100% compliance by the end of 2020. Conclusions: Pharmactuel has been fully compliant with ICMJE and COPE recommendations since January 2021. Minor modifications to Pharmactuel’s publication process have enabled the editorial team to ensure that the journal continues to be almost totally compliant with COPE and ICMJE guidelines and to uphold its high ethical standards.

This issue marks the APA (American Psychological Association) era of Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly ( JMCQ ). At the same time, I am pleased to announce that JMCQ is the first communication journal published by SAGE to become a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). The AEJMC Publications Committee had approved all AEJMC flagship journals to become member of COPE. But JMCQ is the first one to implement all the standards and carry the COPE logo on its cover. Our COPE membership means that we comply with the highest ethical standards set on the academic refereed journal review process as in other fields of research. I will use this essay to highlight some of the COPE standards and our journal's practices, focusing on those that would be of interest to our readers, authors, and reviewers.Reviewer EthicsReviewing is a privilege and a service to the scholarly community. As COPE states, Peer review in all its forms plays an important role in ensuring the integrity of the scholarly record. The process depends to a large extent on trust, and requires that everyone involved behaves responsibly and ethically (Hames, 2013). Some of the important principles of reviewing ethics stated in COPE are that peer reviewers should1. Only agree to review manuscripts for which they have the subject expertise required to carry out a proper assessment and which they can assess in a timely manner2. Respect the confidentiality of peer review and not reveal any details of a manuscript or its review, during or after the peer-review process, beyond those that are released by the journal3. Not use information obtained during the peer-review process for their own or any other person's or organization's advantage, or to disadvantage or discredit others4. Declare all potential conflicting interests, seeking advice from the journal if they are unsure whether something constitutes a relevant interest5. Not allow their reviews to be influenced by the origins of a manuscript, by the nationality, religious or political beliefs, gender or other characteristics of the authors, or by commercial considerations6. Be objective and constructive in their reviews, refraining from being hostile or inflammatory and from making libelous or derogatory personal comments7. Acknowledge that peer review is largely a reciprocal endeavor and undertake to carry out their fair share of reviewing and in a timely manner8. Provide journals with personal and professional information that is accurate and a true representation of their expertise9. Recognize that impersonation of another individual during the review process is considered serious misconduct. (Hames, 2013, p. 1)Before accepting the review invitations from our journal, our reviewers are requested to read the COPE reviewer guidelines and agree to the standards.Fairness in Handling SubmissionsOur journal is committed to fair treatment of all submissions as part of the editorial code of conduct of COPE, which means that editorial decisions are not determined by origins of the submissions such as race, ethnicity, nationality, religion, or gender of the authors, but by their appropriateness for the journal.Authors whose writings need help are strongly recommended to hire professional editing service or seek help from proficient English writers to edit their work, prior to submission. A well-written manuscript is much easier to follow for our busy reviewers. It lets them focus on the substance of the manuscript, rather than trying to second-guess what the author means. In fact, both Riffe's (2006) and Neuman, Davidson, Joo, Park, and Williams's (2008) studies of reviewers found that poor writing of the manuscripts is a common concern of reviewers. Yet, good writing is a necessary but not sufficient condition for acceptance. Originality of research ideas with evidence and significant contribution to the field of journalism and mass communication are the two main criteria of acceptance we tell our reviewers to focus on, in giving us publication recommendation. …

Information for authors and editorial policies

D.Y. Gao together with some of his collaborators applied his Canonical duality theory (CDT) for solving a class of constrained optimization problems. Unfortunately, in several papers on this subject there are unclear statements, not convincing proofs, or even false results. It is our aim in this work to study rigorously this class of constrained optimization problems in finite dimensional spaces and to point out several false results published in the last ten years.

Canonical duality theory (CDT) is presented by its creator DY Gao as a theory which can be used for solving a large class of challenging real-world problems. It is the aim of this paper to study rigorously constrained optimization problems in finite dimensional spaces using the method suggested by CDT and to discuss several results published in the last ten years.

A novel canonical duality theory (CDT) is presented for solving general bilevel mixed integer nonlinear optimization governed by linear and quadratic knapsack problems. It shows that the challenging knapsack problems can be solved analytically in term of their canonical dual solutions. The existence and uniqueness of these analytical solutions are proved. NP-hardness of the knapsack problems is discussed. A powerful CDT algorithm combined with an alternative iteration and a volume reduction method is proposed for solving the NP-hard bilevel knapsack problems. Application is illustrated by benchmark problems in optimal topology design. The performance and novelty of the proposed method are compared with the popular commercial codes.

This paper presents a detailed study on analytical solutions to a general nonlinear boundary-value problem in finite deformation theory. Based on canonical duality theory and the associated pure complementary energy principle in nonlinear elasticity proposed by Gao in (Mech Res Commun 26:31–37, 1999, [6], Wiley Encyclopedia of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, 1999, [7], Meccanica 34:169–198, 1999, [8]), we show that the general nonlinear partial differential equation for deformation is actually equivalent to an algebraic (tensor) equation in stress space. For St Venant–Kirchhoff materials, this coupled cubic algebraic equation can be solved principally to obtain all possible solutions. Our results show that for any given external source field such that the statically admissible first Piola–Kirchhoff stress field has nonzero eigenvalues, the problem has a unique global minimal solution, which is corresponding to a positive-definite second Piola–Kirchhoff stress \(\mathbf{T}\), and at most eight local solutions corresponding to negative-definite \(\mathbf{T}\). Additionally, the problem could have 15 unstable solutions corresponding to indefinite \(\mathbf{T}\). This paper demonstrates that the canonical duality theory and the pure complementary energy principle play fundamental roles in nonconvex analysis and finite deformation theory.

Mythbusters: Self‐Embargo

Введение. Проведенное исследование является своевременным и актуальным, так как главная экономическая проблема нашей страны – это низкие или даже в отдельные годы отрицательные темпы прироста российского ВВП, что не позволяет эффективно бороться с бедностью значительной части населения России. Материалы и методы. Проведенное исследование опирается на экономическую теорию классической школы И. Фишера, монетаризма М. Фридмана и меркантилизма Дж. Кейнса о взаимосвязи между денежной массой и экономическим ростом. Квартальные статистические данные для исследования собраны за период 1995– 2022 гг. Инструментарием исследования 1 Исследование выполнено в Ростовском государственном экономическом университете за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 23-28-00931 «Безинфляционный экономический рост российской экономики: возможности и пути достижения в условиях санкций» (https://rscf.ru/project/23-28-00931/). послужили модель ADL (autoregressive distributed lags) и тест Гранжера. Результаты исследования. Исследование позволяет сделать вывод о том, что денежная масса напрямую влияет на экономический рост и не оказывает никакого воздействия на динамику инфляции. Поэтому ЦБ РФ должен скорректировать денежно-кредитную политику, перейдя от таргетирования инфляции к таргетированию экономического роста, допустив ускоренное безинфляционное увеличение денежной массы с одновременным мониторингом инфляции. В работе сделан вывод, что плавное увеличение денежной массы не вызовет инфляции в обозримом будущем ни на краткосрочном, ни на долгосрочном временном горизонте. Introdaction. The study is timely and relevant, since the main economic problem of our country is the low or even in some years negative growth rates of Russian GDP, which does not allow to effectively fight poverty for a significant part of the Russian population. Materials and Methods. The study is based on the economic theory of the classical school of I. Fisher, monetarism M. Friedman and mercantilism J. Keynes on the relationship between money supply and economic growth. Quarterly statistics for the study are collected for the period 1995 to 2022. The research tools were the ADL model (autoregressive distributed lags) and the Granger test. The results of the work and the scope of the results. The study allows us to conclude that the money supply directly affects economic growth and does not have any effect on inflation dynamics. Therefore, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation should adjust its monetary policy, moving from inflation targeting to economic growth targeting, allowing an accelerated inflationfree increase in the money supply while monitoring inflation. The paper concludes that a smooth increase in the money supply will not cause inflation in the foreseeable future, neither in the short term nor in the long term.

Committee on Publication Ethics 1997–2000

BJU InternationalVolume 85, Issue 1 p. 2-7 Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE): guidelines on good publication practice First published: 10 December 2003 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1464-410x.2000.00478.xCitations: 35Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume85, Issue1January 2000Pages 2-7 RelatedInformation

The great enemy of communication, we find, is the illusion of it. William Hollingsworth Whyte, 19501 On September 6, 2022, a combined investigation by research integrity experts, data and analytics experts, publishing and operational teams, and legal counsels from Hindawi and its parent company Wiley, led to the initial recommendation to retract 511 articles that were compromised based on reviewer activity alone.2 That same month, the physics publisher Institute of Physics (IOP) announced the retraction of 494 papers after investigation indicated they “may have been created, manipulated, and/or sold by a commercial entity” (or paper mill).3 This October, the Elsevier journal Thinking Skills and Creativity retracted 47 papers that appear to have been generated by a paper mill because they were each accepted on the “positive advice of one illegitimate reviewer report.”4 Paper mills and phony peer reviews5 undermine the soundness of science, because it is based on illusion rather than truth. Truth (veritas) is only verifiable if it is transparent. The Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), the Open Access Scholarly Publishing Association (OASPA), and the World Association of Medical Editors (WAME) have been collaborating to identify principles of transparency and best practice for scholarly publications.6 The fourth version of this work in progress was published on September 15, 2022 and is available from: https://publicationethics.org/files/principles-transparency-best-practice-scholarly-publishing.pdf The Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery upholds these principles of transparency and continues to strive to implement these best practices. In a related development, the International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers (STM) has proposed a standard taxonomy for peer review,7 recognizing a need to identify and standardize definitions and terminology in peer review practices to help align nomenclature as more publishers use open peer review models. This peer review taxonomy will help make the peer review process for articles and journals more transparent and will enable the community to better assess and compare peer review practices between different journals. According to STM, peer review should be described using four components:7 identity transparency: all identities visible: reviewers, authors, decision-making editor [editor] all visible to each other single anonymized: reviewer identity is not visible to the author, author and editor identities are visible to everyone (also known as single masked, formerly single blinded, review) double anonymized: reviewer identity is not visible to the author, author identity is not visible to the reviewer, editor identity is known to both (also known as double masked, formerly double blinded, review) triple anonymized: reviewer identity is not visible to the author or editor, author identity is not visible to the reviewer or editor, editor identity is not visible to reviewer or author (also known as triple masked, formerly triple blinded, review) who the reviewer interacts with: the editor only (traditional review), direct interaction with the other reviewers (with or without their identities visible), and/or directly with the authors (with or without identities visible) what information about the review process is published: options include no information, review summaries, review reports, review reports if the reviewer opts to have review published, review reports if the author opts to have review published, the submitted manuscript (can be posted as a preprint), the submitted manuscript if the author opts in, the editor’s correspondence with the author, the authors’ response (rebuttal) letter, reviewer identities, reviewer identities if the review opts in, editor identities 4. whether post-publication commenting takes place: online comments may be either open (commenters may be anonymous or required to sign comments; could also include whether comments are moderated) or invited only; this item does not include letters to the editor. This item is not mentioned if no commenting is allowed. Using STM terminology, the Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery may be described as follows: Identity transparency: Double anonymized Reviewer interacts with: Editor Review information published: None We are updating our Instructions to Authors and About the Journal to reflect these developments. On another front, the Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery has agreed to co-publish an editorial calling on wealthy countries to do more to support Africa and other vulnerable nations in mitigating the impact of climate change on health.8 The guest editorial in this issue is authored by the editors of 16 African health journals, and is co-published by 259 international journals, including The Lancet, British Medical Journal, New England Journal of Medicine, National Medical Journal of India, and Medical Journal of Australia and the Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (see http://press.psprings.co.uk/bmj/october/Journals.pdf). Never have so many journals come together to make the same call, reflecting the severity of the climate change emergency now facing the world. The authors say Africa has suffered disproportionately although it has done little to cause the crisis and urges wealthy nations to step up support for Africa and vulnerable countries in addressing past, present and future impacts of climate change.8 They explain that the climate crisis has had an impact on the environmental and social determinants of health across Africa, leading to devastating health effects. In West and Central Africa, for example, severe flooding resulted in mortality and forced migration from loss of shelter, cultivated land, and livestock, while extreme weather damages water and food supply, increasing food insecurity and malnutrition, which causes 1.7 million deaths annually in Africa.8 Changes in vector ecology brought about by floods and damage to environmental hygiene has also led to increases in malaria, dengue fever, Ebola virus, and other infectious diseases across sub-Saharan Africa.8 In all, it is estimated that the climate crisis has destroyed a fifth of the gross domestic product (GDP) of the countries most vulnerable to climate shocks.8 The damage to Africa should be of supreme concern to all nations, they write, because in an interconnected world, leaving countries to the mercy of environmental shocks creates instability that has severe consequences for all nations.8 We call on participants of the 2022 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP27) to take concrete steps towards achieving our collective climate goals by turning their commitments under the Paris Agreement into action, without falling short as they did in COP26 Glasgow.9 Without compromise; in truth, transparently.