Retracted: Construction of Intelligent Substation-Optimized Networking Communication Network Based on Source-Network-Load Interaction Environment.

The objective of this paper is to study the key technology of the mobile communication network optimization system based on artificial intelligence technology. Specific Content. This paper designs the artificial intelligence agent‐ (IA‐) type mobile communication network optimization tool iOS2CMCN, analyzes the relevant intelligent technology introduced into the system, and analyzes the feasibility and practicability of iOS2CMCN through application examples. The results show that the optimization of mobile communication networks is one of the important links in the construction of communication networks and ensuring the quality of network service. In the form of an artificial intelligence agent, iOS2CMCN absorbs the experience and knowledge of a large number of network optimization engineers and experts and realizes the intelligence and automation of mobile communication network optimization. It is proven that the fuzzy technology is introduced in theory, the practical problem is reasonably modeled, and the rule and case reasoning are used to simulate the thinking mode of a human being when solving the problem. It reduces the dependence of network optimization on humans, improves the efficiency of network optimization, and provides a new idea for practical mobile communication network optimization.

The new presented Butterfly-PSO technique (or BF-PSO) is basically originated by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The Butterfly-PSO technique (BF-PSO) appears as a new growing star among all optimization techniques. The proposed ‘Butterfly- Particle Swarm Optimization (Butterfly or BF-PSO)’ is inspired by butterfly natural intelligence, character, behavior, intelligent network and intelligent communication during the nectar search process. The BF-PSO introduces new parameters such as sensitivity of butterfly (s), probability of food (nectar) (p), the degree of the node and the time varying probability coefficient ( �). These parameters improve the searching ability, excellent convergence and the overall performance of the Butterfly-PSO effectivly. The BF-PSO optimizations results have been presented for various functions with the multi-dimension problems.

In the information and communication networks, each internal functional unit establishes a functional relationship through information exchange to form a complex networks system. From the perspective of complex networks theory, analyzing the network structure of information and communication system has profound practical significance for deepening the construction of information and communication network and security protection. Using Matlab to simulate the process of attacking information and communication network, it can be concluded that networks which are deliberately attacked paralyze much faster than those which are randomly attacked. Therefore, there are some key communication nodes in large complex networks which should be especially focused on. Correspondingly, some targeted protective measures can be taken to improve the security of the information and communication networks. The measures are as follows: to strengthen the protection of the core nodes, to enhance disaster recovery capabilities, to achieve diversity and accessibility of information communication, to use multilevel network protection, and to develop rapid recovery network repair capabilities

The microcellular mobile radio systems are widely utilized in the third generation of digital mobile communication networks, and will certainly be applied in the forthcoming personal communication networks as well. However, we still have no strict definition so far for the so-called in the urban wireless communication environment. Roughly speaking, the microcell implies such a region in which the radiated signal power is relatively small (typically around 10 mW), the height of the transmitting antenna is low (usually suspended at a lamp-pole in a street). Therefore the covering area of a base-station in a microcell system is much smaller than that of a base-station in a macrocell system. It is naturally understandable that the surrounding buildings will definitely affect the radiation wave coverage of a microcellular base-station to a great extent. We discuss the problem of using microcell systems from a new point of view. The point is that the cellular areas must be miniaturized in order to ensure the electromagnetic compatibility both in the internal and the external communication network. To support this point, we discuss a number of technical and economical problems concerning the miniaturization of the mobile communication cells.

The development of communication networks poses new challenges in the field of scientific research. At the same time, one of the main directions of development is the creation of highdensity and ultra-dense networks. Ultra-dense networks already belong to the technologies of communication networks of the sixth generation and the requirements for them are formed in the conditions of their deployment in three-dimensional space. Starting with the construction of fifth generation communication networks, communication networks are considered as heterogeneous, in which various technologies can be used together in the process of providing network services, for example, the Internet of Things, unmanned aerial vehicles, vehicular ad hoc networks, etc. This leads to the need to define and study three-dimensional multi-layer heterogeneous ultra-dense networks, which is the subject of this article.

For a long time, the development of maritime communication has been restricted by the low data rate, high-latency and high cost of the current communication systems. The upgrade of new generation mobile communication technologies is attracting more and more attention to conduct a shore-based broadband mobile communication network with high-latency and high reliability to serve the maritime industries. This paper presents a solution by means of building a ship-to-infrastructure (S2I) and a ship-to-ship (S2S) wireless communication networks for an offshore region. We characterize the S2I and S2S channels at 5.9 GHz band based on the channel measurements in realistic environments. The channel characteristics, including power delay profile, delay spread, propagation path loss, are extracted and analyzed. In view of the difference between marine and terrestrial communications, we analyze the influencing factors of the offshore water, including effective reflection, divergence and shadowing from the water surface, and diffraction loss caused by the earth curvature. We also predict the power coverage range and the channel capacity for S2I and S2S wireless communications. Finally, the communication performance is evaluated according to the channel measurement and characterization analysis. The research results can be a reference for the construction of maritime communication networks.

Network planning is a crucial process in the construction of emergency communication network. To make emergency communication network planning scientifically and effectively, with the combine of Mont Carlo tree search algorithm and deep learning, the paper proposes an intelligence planning method based on MCTS. The simulation results show that the intelligence network planning method based on MCTS can generate the network plans which with high rationality and efficiently.

Traditional teaching materials for a course usually focus on providing theoretical teaching services, which largely ignored the practice. Based on the data communication and computer network as an example, geared to the needs of new engineering, put forward the theory teaching and practice to the construction of a textbook with depth fusion scheme. The scheme combines reconstruction paper textbook with rich question bank and video resource to make the textbook thinner. Proposed stratified diversion system of practice at the same time, provide network programming and network project in both directions for students to choose. The way of thinking can also be a reference for other discipline curricula, and better service for engineering education.

Existing approaches to the design of secure data transmission networks (DRN) are often based on guidelines for the design of communication networks in a broad sense, at the moment there are no clear regulations for the design of communication networks in a secure version from the point of view of information security. In the process of advanced design of the SPDS, problems arise in finding effective solutions for the construction of such communication networks and ensuring the information security of the SPDS in terms of information security tools (SIS) in given areas determined by information security measurements, such as the availability, accessibility, secrecy of information circulating in the SPDS. The article proposes algorithms based on the parameters of non-stationary hyper-network models, which make it possible to implement the analysis and synthesis of ZSPD, as well as take into account the initial data on the intended users, services/applications implemented on ZSPD under conditions of external destructive effects (VDV).

The paper considers the construction of secure communication networks and their elements. The analysis of simulation modeling of the communication network segment under attack conditions, the influence of information security tools on network traffic, and examples of calculations are given. The analysis of the method of network traffic optimization is performed taking into account the use of various information security products, as well as options for developing a security policy. The results of experiments under various conditions of information security are given: in the absence of an attack without the use of information security products; in the absence of an attack using information security products; under a DoS attack without the use of information security products; under a DoS-attack with the use of information security products. Several methods for optimizing traffic using information security products are considered. A security policy is considered to achieve a given level of information security in a computer system with a minimum reduction in the network traffic and the cost of information security products.

The article discusses methodological approaches to the construction of multicommodity hierarchical communication networks and identifies the main tasks of processing and distribution of discrete correspondence flows, which allow to create favorable conditions for reducing material, financial and labor costs in transport systems with further mechanization and automation of production. Multicommodity communication networks are characterized by the presence of a multitude of sources and drains of correspondence flows (products or requirements). Correspondence is understood as a pair of different network nodes, between which there is a directed (addressed) discrete flow of elements (for example, indivisible loads of uniform size, bits or symbols) of a given size. In a multicommodity network, all correspondence flows are subject to a one-time transfer from sources to drains. In general, a certain set of types (categories) of correspondence can be defined on the network, differing in weight, dimensions and other characteristics, but having common sources and drains. The hierarchical structure of the network and the principles of sorting, distribution and routing of flows are given.

This article examines recent manifestations and trends of Azerbaijani nationalism, highlighting their complexity as they have evolved within regional and international contexts as expressions of Azerbaijani identity. It argues that although the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia in the l990s was instrumental in invoking and strengthening Azerbaijani nationalism, more recent manifestations of nationalism have been varied and responsive to domestic as well as international influences. These influences include the de-russification of Azerbaijani names, which began toward the end of the Soviet era, and the development of national movements aimed at promoting the country’s image internationally. One means by which to achieve this latter goal has been record-setting, which has included the creation of the world’s largest national flag, prioritization of sporting excellence and attempts to host major international sporting and other events, and grandiose construction of buildings, pipelines, and communication and transportation networks. The Azerbaijani diaspora has also been active in promoting an Azerbaijani identity in opposition to Armenia. At the regional level, expressions of Azerbaijani nationalism have caused apprehension within Iran that Iranian Azerbaijanis might participate in these movements. Diplomatic efforts have been aimed at achieving balance, especially in Azerbaijani relations with Russia, Turkey, Iran, China, and the West. The article concludes that Azerbaijani nationalism is currently based on a weak economic foundation of extravagance enabled by oil and gas wealth. It recommends economic diversification, as well as a rethinking of Azerbaijani nationalism policy aimed toward fostering national identity in a less costly manner.

This article delves into the communication quality monitoring system driven by big data under the C/S (client/server) architecture, aiming to provide a comprehensive, real-time, and efficient security monitoring solution for factory production and manufacturing environments. The system integrates LoRa wireless communication technology, big data processing and analysis technology, and innovative dynamic expansion algorithms to achieve real-time monitoring and rapid response to various safety hazards in the production environment. The core of the system lies in the construction of LoRa wireless communication network, which adopts an innovative umbrella shaped network structure to ensure stable and fast transmission of sensor monitoring data to the server. By using the STM32 development board with LoRa module, dynamic expansion of hardware integration modules has been achieved, enhancing the flexibility and scalability of the system. At the level of data transmission and processing, introducing Kafka distributed message queue as a data cache effectively alleviates the pressure of processing massive real-time data. Combining the Spark Streaming streaming data processing framework, a distributed data processing model was constructed to achieve real-time consumption and efficient parallel processing of messages in Kafka queues. At the same time, the designed dynamic extension algorithm model can automatically persist the data of new monitoring points, ensuring the system's rapid adaptation to data changes. In terms of data storage and visualization, a data persistence layer architecture for a big data platform has been constructed. Real time data, historical data, and log data are stored separately in Redis, MySQL, and HDFS systems through a data streaming model, improving data storage efficiency and system performance. Based on Tomcat network server and SSM architecture, a B/S structured web server visualization platform has been developed, which supports users to remotely query the security status of the production environment through computer or mobile browser, and receive alarm notifications in case of abnormalities. The system integration test results show that the communication quality monitoring system performs excellently in wireless communication quality, data processing speed, data storage efficiency, and data visualization, and can meet the complex monitoring needs of factory production and manufacturing environments, providing solid technical support for enterprise safety production. However, there is still room for improvement in real-time data collection loss rate, alarm function completeness, and mobile access experience. Future research will focus on optimizing data transmission software models, adding multi-channel alarm functions, and developing mobile apps to enhance user experience.

Aiming at the problem of deploying the vehicular relay station in the construction of emergency communication network, OpenStreetMap and FME tools are used to construct the electronic map which contains the geographic information such as roads and rivers. A Method for judging the line of sight propagation is also studied. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can be more reasonable and applicable to address the vehicle relay station, and can fulfill the requirements of the actual emergency communication link construction better.

With the acceleration of the construction of quantum communication networks, scholars have proposed different quantum communication protocols for different application scenarios. However, few scholars pay attention to the risk assessment process before communication. In this paper, we propose a novel quantum risk assessment model based on quantum teleportation technology with two three-qubit GHZ states. Only by using Bell states measurements (BSMs) and two-qubit projective measurements (PJMs), the communicators can recovery any arbitrary two-qubit state. This protocol can transmit two-dimension risk assessment factors with better security performance. On the one hand, more sufficient evaluation factors allow the two communicating parties to more objectively evaluate the risk level of communication with the other party, and on the other hand, it also improves the qubit efficiency of the protocol. Moreover, we introduce the third party in this scheme can be semi-trusted, which must be full-trusted in our previous work. This change can reduce the dependence of the communication parties on the third-party organization and improve the privacy of communication. The security analysis shows that this scheme can resist internal and external attacks, and the quantum circuit diagrams also prove that our protocol is physically easier to implement.