Reverse innovative design — an integrated product design methodology

Although the innovative designs deliver, superior customer value has long been noted. However, the emotional experience of innovative products brings remains mostly unknown. This work focuses on two kinds of innovative products: function innovation (FI) and design innovation (DI), to uncover the mystery of the emotional experience, these two types of innovative designs bring. Participants in Study 1 were required to subjectively report their practical, emotional experience of the two kinds of innovative designs. The result showed that the emotional experience of innovation products might be a mixture of emotionality. Also, FI and DI products may cause different emotional experiences performance. Multidimensional scaling was employed in Study 2 to simplify the dimensions of these reported emotions to investigate the difference of emotion dimensions distribution that FI and DI brings. The results showed that DI products mainly reflected strong arouse than FI in positive emotions. However, DI product brings more negative emotions than positive emotions. Whereas, FI product did not show the quantitative differences between positive and negative emotions. In Study 3, the difference between FI and DI in emotion intensity was investigated, and the result indicates that both FI and DI products can bring high-intensity positive emotion. However, the DI brings higher intensity negative emotion and lower intensity positive emotion than FI. These studies demonstrate the first direct evidence of the essence of the difference between FI and DI emotion experience and suggest possible guidance for consumers to avoid the effect of the emotions when choosing innovative products.

Aim: To develop a hot stage microscopy based method for determination of particle size in reverse engineering and establishment of a platform technology employing carvedilol as a model drug. It was hypothesized that reverse engineering using thermal methods will suggest a logical path in decoding the innovator’s formulation to develop an efficient generic product and preconize the morphology of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). Background: To develop a generic formulation, a detailed analysis of identification, quantification and characterization of APIs and excipients present in the innovator product is a mandatory requirement. Identification of actives, excipients, and manufacturing processes involved in innovator product formulation can be facilitated using reverse engineering studies. Objective: The objective of this study was to establish a platform technology for determination of particle size in reverse engineering using hot stage microscopy (HSM). Method: Method: Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and HSM techniques were employed for identification of different unit processes that can affect the particle size distribution of API during formulation. Result: Result: DSC technique helped to unwind information about qualitative as well as quantitative nature of the formulation blend. HSM technique helped to reveal the particulate level properties of the drug present in the blend and formulation. Conclusion: The study concluded that the two thermal techniques DSC and HSM together could be effectively used to reverse engineer a given formulation using a very less sample quantity. The study suggested a logical path in decoding innovator’s formulation to develop an efficient generic product. Moreover, this HSM based thermal method of particle size determination will offer new insight into the decoding of an innovator product in a shorter period.

Abstract. For many regions of the Far East, the commercialization of scientific developments in agriculture is primarily associated with creating interest in innovative products of medium and small producers, such as Peasant Farms (PF) and Personal Subsidiary Farms (PSF), which constitute the main share of agricultural producers in the Far East. Methods of systematic and abstract analysis, synthesis, which served as a basis for application and identification of cause-and-effect relations in solving the problems of promotion of innovation development in agriculture in the region. The system of innovation promotion for medium and small producers on the example of the Buryat State Agricultural Academy is considered. The scientific novelty lies in the development of a model of involving small and medium agricultural producers in innovation activity by promoting innovation development of universities. In the article, there is a description of the project of the Buryat State Agricultural Academy on promotion and popularization of agro-innovations, which has been adopted for implementation. As a result of this project, structure responsible for commercialization of innovative products, design and prototyping of innovative agricultural products have been created in addition to the traditional research departments of the university. The proposed model is aimed at generating interest in innovations among the main producers of agricultural products in the region – private farms and household farms, which currently shun innovations due to the prevailing opinion about the high cost of production and promotion of innovative products. The article describes the mechanism for the formation of interaction channels for testing innovative agricultural products, informing manufacturers about the results of testing, reducing risks for business and the process of promoting innovative developments of the university through the involvement of small and medium-sized agricultural producers.

The transition of the electricity system to smart grids requires residential end-users to be more involved in managing energy demand and supply. New innovative products and services could help to support end-users to play a more active role in the management of the future electric power system. This paper evaluates the role of Industrial Design Methods (IDMs) in the development of new innovative smart grid related product concepts at the household level. Based on students' design projects, carried out within a master study programme, various IDMs were systematically utilized to develop new innovative products for smart grid households. Our study shows that five IDMs, namely: platform-driven product development, delft innovation model, theory of inventive problem solving, technology roadmapping, and innovative design and styling were mainly applied in the development of the conceptual products. This study shows that a thorough and careful application of various IDMs helped to develop inspiring potential smart grids product concepts that could support end-users at the household level to gain more insight into their energy use, and contribute to balancing energy demand and supply. These concepts include various in-home displays, smart plugs, and smart wall sockets. The resulting product concepts are presented in this paper. We conclude that the systematic use of various IDMs helped to identify and incorporate various technological, societal, market, and end-user aspects necessary for creating innovative smart grid related products that meet end-user and future market expectations.

This paper presents a study dedicated to the development of Digital and Smart Tools, based on solved applications of design engineering and reverse engineering. This approach is justified by the fact as well as the need for preparations prior to Composite Additive Manufacturing. Future integration of Digital Smart Tools with Composite Additive Manufacturing will significantly contribute to the efficient and effective support of the green economy, the active, responsible, safe and resilient protection of environment, life and climate. The research involved in this paper contributes to develop Digital and Smart Tools Applications, intended for integrated digital design, development, manufacturing and further predictive maintenance and services, based on robotic systems, extended automatic control, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, including Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulations for Performance Prediction at Design Regime and Off-Design Regimes for jet engines, with the best capabilities to generate and integrate improvements, optimizations and potential innovative solutions. This paper presents significant applications of design, concept engineering development and reverse engineering design, as: 1/ the design of a transonic axial compressor rotor blade, 2/ the design of a swept axial compressor rotor, 3/ concept design engineering developments in case of a swept fan rotor blade, 4/ concept design developments and reverse engineering in case of a HP axial compressor rotor blade, part of Spey 512-14 DW turbofan engine, 5/ reverse engineering design of a Cessna 182 Skylane N223IF light aircraft wheel cover. In line with Europe´s vision for sustainable aviation, this research study and INCAS´ TGA Project "Technological Development Platform for "Green" Technologies in Aviation and Ecological Manufacturing with Superior Added Value; TGA - Technologies for Green Aviation" will significantly contribute to the Green Deal, as a production center using "Green" Technologies in aviation and ecological manufacturing, as well as collaborative developer of Digital and Smart Tools for Composite Additive Manufacturing.

As a model to provide semantic meaning through relations between concepts, ontology can resolve the problems of sharing and reuse of design knowledge. Based on the innovation design progress and knowledge structure of the complex products, an ontology construction method is proposed with the cycling evolutional theory. The application domain of the satellite ontology is analyzed. According to the analysis result, the knowledge structure of satellite ontology is put forward based on OWL (Ontology Web Language). Finally, the knowledge Modeling method based on ontology is verified by applying to the satellite design as an example.

Virtual Reality Surgical Planning for Maxillofacial Distraction Osteogenesis: The Role of Reverse Engineering Rapid Prototyping and Cooperative Work

Reverse engineering, defined as extracting information about a product from the product itself, is a common industry practice for gaining insight into innovative products. Both the original designer and those reverse engineering the original design can benefit from estimating the time and barrier to reverse engineer a product. This paper presents a set of metrics and parameters that can be used to calculate the barrier to reverse engineer any product, as well as the time required to do so. To the original designer, these numerical representations of the barrier and time can be used to strategically identify and improve product characteristics so as to increase the difficulty and time to reverse engineer them. As the metrics and parameters developed in this paper are quantitative in nature, they can also be used in conjunction with numerical optimization techniques, thereby enabling products to be developed with a maximum reverse engineering barrier and time—at a minimum development cost. On the other hand, these quantitative measures enable competitors who reverse engineer original designs to focus their efforts on products that will result in the greatest return on investment.

This study explored an innovative design of a drain cover for dirt removal, deodorization, and pest control. The research methods used in this study included an analysis of the literature, the TRIZ method and general design, and application of human factors engineering. Firstly, the contradiction matrix of the TRIZ method was used to find out the corresponding principles of invention for analysis. Based on the reference of the most innovative design, a drainage cover with rapid cleansing, deodorization, insect-repellent properties, and quick return was designed, and universal design was used to make the drainage cover. The innovative design can be more widely used to allow users to interact with the environment and products more harmoniously, and the innovative design of the drainage cover was faster and more hygienic through the human–computer interaction in the project. Additionally, the design was validated through analyses using the IPA and Kano models, confirming that it met the users’ requirements and expectations. The prototype’s structure was drawn by Autodesk Inventor drawing software (2024). The research results are as follows. We designed a sliding groove and the sliding block on the drainage cover so that the drainage cover could achieve the effect of rapid cleansing by sliding the sliding block. In terms of the odor control and pest prevention, we designed the odor-resistant block and the water filter under the drain cover so that the odor below the drain would not float upwards. And the pests in the drain hole cannot climb out. In terms of the improved operational design, the sliding block could be quickly returned and the use of the pushing aid to not touch the dirt. The successful development of the product validated the effectiveness of this research method for innovative product design and suggests its applicability for the development of other products.

This paper describes the full size solid 3D Anthropometric Model using in the positioning and verification process for radiation treatment planning of the skull of cancer patients in radiotherapy. In order to obtain a full scale 3D, solid Anthropometric Model, data is first collected through computed tomography and optical scanning. Through surface reconstruction, a model is made of the patients skull, after which rapid prototyping and rapid tooling is applied to acquire a 1:1 solid model, thus, it can replace the patient for the tumor positioning and verification in radiotherapy. The 3D Anthropometric Model are not only provide a clear picture of the external appearance, but also allow insight into the internal structure of organic bodies, which is of great advantage in radiotherapy. During radiotherapy planning, 3D Anthropometric Model can be used to simulate all kinds of situations on the simulator and the linear accelerator, without the patient needing to be present, so that the medical physicist or dosimetrist will be able to design a precise treatment plan that is tailored to the patient. The 3D Anthropometric Model production system can effectively help us solve problems related to r adiotherapy positioning and verification, helping both radiotherapists and cancer patients. We expect that the application of 3D Anthropometric Model can reduce the time that needs to be spent on pretreatment procedures and enhance the quality of health care for cancer patients.

A Reverse Engineering- (RE) and Rapid Prototyping- (RP) based approach to the development of a joystick handgrip with ergonomic features has been elaborated. The integration of Time Compression Techniques and Computer Aided Tools lead to a time-saving procedure for the design of a product whose ergonomic quality directly descends from users' sensations of comfort. The CAD model availability throughout the progressive steps of product development ensured all the potentialities of Concurrent Engineering, while Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) simulation on the definitive geometry allowed to close the Computer Integrated loop to the manufacturing process.

This study aims to compare and evaluate the accuracy of surgical templates fabricated using coordinate synchronization processing with five-axis milling and design-related processing with rapid prototyping (RP). Master phantoms with 10 embedded gutta-percha cylinders hidden under artificial gingiva were fabricated and imaged using cone beam computed tomography. Vectors of the hidden cylinders were extracted and transferred to those of the planned implants through reverse engineering using virtual planning software. An RP-produced template was fabricated by stereolithography in photopolymer at the RP center according to planned data. Metal sleeves were bonded after holes were bored (group RP). For the milled template, milling coordinates were synchronized using the conversion process for the coordinate synchronization platform located on the model's bottom. Metal bushings were set on holes milled on the five-axis milling machine, on which the model was fixed through the coordinate synchronization plate, and the framework was constructed on the model using orthodontic resin (group CS). A computed tomography image was taken with templates firmly fixed on models using anchor pins (RP) or anchor screws (CS). The accuracy was analyzed via reverse engineering. Differences between the two groups were compared by repeated measures two-factor analysis. From the reverse-engineered image of the template on the experimental model, RP-produced templates showed significantly larger deviations than did milled surgical guides. Maximum deviations of the group RP were 1.58 mm (horizontal), 1.68 mm (vertical), and 8.51 degrees (angular); those of the group CS were 0.68 mm (horizontal), 0.41 mm (vertical), and 3.23 degrees (angular). A comparison of milling and RP template production methods showed that a vector-milled surgical guide had significantly smaller deviations than did an RP-produced template. The accuracy of computer-guided milled surgical templates was within the safety margin of previous studies.

目的 探讨应用反求工程与快速成型技术对小颏畸形进行整复设计和置入体制作的可行性.方法 对2例小颏畸形患者,利用X线头影测量方法分析患者畸形类型和严重程度,并计算出需要恢复的数据,在计算机上用反求工程软件在患者下颌骨颏部点云数据上恢复出正常的骨性外形,快速成型制作个体化置入体,并实施衬垫颏成形术.结果 手术过程顺利,置入体精密就位,术后外形达到了术前设计的预期效果.术后X线头影测量对比分析显示:上唇高度与下唇颏高度之比为0.45.面中与面下1/3之比为0.94,颏颈角、FH-N'-Pg角、颏唇沟深度、面形角等面部测量参数改善明显.结论 反求工程与快速成型技术可用于小颏畸形整复的设计和置入体的制作,为面部类似畸形整复开辟了新的途径。

Objective To use reverse engineering (RE) and rapid prototyping (RP) technology for designing a new navigation template and explore its feasibility in proximal femoral varus rotation and shortening osteotomy for elder children with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Methods Between June 2014 and December 2014, computed tomography (CT) scans were performed for 6 cases of DDH. Mimics & Geomagic Design Direct software was used for designing a navigation template for including all operative parameters and steps for proximal femoral varus rotation and shortening osteotomy. Template generated by fused deposition molding (FDM) of RP technology was placed distally on proximal femur. After placing Kirschner wire, bone was cut along the navigation template. And Kirschner wire was utilized as a lever for insertion into screw hole of plate after template removal. And cortical screw was placed for completing operation. Results Intraoperative operation was consistent with preoperative measurements and simulation operation. The average operative duration was 18(14-21) min. Six patients (6 hips) were followed postoperatively for 12-18 months. According to the McKay criteria, the outcomes were excellent (n=4, 66.7%), good (n=1, 16.7%) and fair (n=1, 16.7%) with a fineness ratio of 83.3%. And based upon the Severin radiographic criteria, the outcomes were excellent (n=5, 83.3%) and good (n=1, 16.7%) with a fineness ratio of 100%. There was no onset of such major osteotomy-related complications as redislocation or avascular necrosis. Conclusions During proximal femoral Varus rotation and shortening osteotomy for elder DDH children, this novel navigation template may improve operative precision, simplify operative procedures and ensure efficacies. Key words: Developmental dysplasia of the hip; Osteotomy; Three dimensional printing

It has been reported that Rapid Prototyping (RP) is one of the enablers of Reverse Engineering (RE). Two separate studies have been carried out to verify the degree of the activities of RP as an enabler of RE. These studies which, are both experimental and theoretical in nature, considered two different components that were reversed engineered using CMM, 3D-laser Scanner and ProEngineer CAD package for final model in Stereolithography system. This involves the redesigning of parts using the original component as a template to retrieve the dimensional information required to rebuild the component on a Computer Aided Design (CAD) based program before the alterations can be made to improve it. The main area of studies is concerned with the interlinking of the two processes stated above. More accurately the computer data transfer of the dimensions of the component straight from the CMM or laser scanning machine on to the CAD based program considered, ProEngineer was used for this application. This would produce the model directly from the data transfer without any necessary physical drawing onto ProEngineer. The model production is generated at a considerable speed at minimal cost to ensure the components suitability for its specific use, giving the designer a physical model of the part. The purpose of doing this is to find a way of transferring data from the CMM or Laser Scanner to the RP system without the use of any other software and to cut down on the time and cost of Product development cycle. In this study these have been achieved.