Review Article: A Critique

Intelligent computational techniques for physical object properties discovery, detection, and prediction: A comprehensive survey

Background: Research indicates that medical students are exposed to higher stress levels due to extensive academic programs. In order to control this public health issue, it is important to understand the significance and impact of stress on the personal as well as professional life of the medical school students. To compare the perceived medical school stress among freshman and graduate year students of Medical School.
 Methodology: This cross-sectional – comparative analysis, was conducted on a sample of 200 medical students from three different private medical colleges at Lahore. No gender or age-related bias was observed and the initial sample (chosen via simple random sampling). Basic biodata, sociodemographic details and score of the Perceived Medical School Stress (PMSS) were recorded using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS v.21 & Microsoft Excel 2017.
 Results: Among, the 200 students chosen to be a part of the study, 100 were freshman (i.e. were first year students) with a mean age of 19 ± 0.5 years and 100 were graduate year senior students (i.e. were final year students) with a mean age of 22.9 ± 0.8 years. 29.5% of the sample comprised of males while the remaining 70.5% were females. The mean difference between the two groups of students in the PMSS academic domain was just - 0.59 (p = 0.587) and the mean difference in the psychosocial domain was 0.54 (p = 0.788). The mean difference in the total PMSS score was 0.05 (p = 0.999).
 Conclusion: After careful consideration, it is concluded that the mean perceived medical school stress among medical students does not differ much between freshman and graduate year students. However, despite not being much diverse in both groups was the mean scores those are higher than what may be considered healthy for medical students. Thus factors, other than increasing educational years and the resultant increase in the difficulty of the course may be explored.

Background: Trends of research publication has to be evaluated timely to acknowledge the growth and advancement of the research publications. Review of literature is not only beneficial to curricular and institutional developer but also useful for scientific researcher to recognize the critical issuance to be built.Aims and Objectives: To analyse and evaluate the trends of publications in five highly indexed forensic journals 2019 to 2023 concerning review articles.Materials and Methods: The retrospective study design was totally based on five highly indexed forensic journals. Data were collected by searching from website of respective journal from January 2019 to December 2023. Selected articles of respective journal were studied for acquiring information of the evaluation. The screening of published review article was done by segregating the topic of articles on the basis of 25 major field of forensic and each topic was assigned as code. All the published article and trend in review of literature of forensic in the last five years in top five highly indexed journal were statistically analysed.Results: Out of 4292 total number of articles considered for this study, 3475 were original articles, 563 case reports and 254 review articles. Review articles constitute 6% of total published articles. From the twenty-five topics drown out for major field of forensic, topic “Forensic biology and DNA” had maximum number of review articles with 15% contribution, “Forensic pathology” had 13 % review article. Topic “Crime scene investigation”, “Digital evidence” and “Torture” had lowest review articles with 0.4 % contribution for each.Conclusion: Review articles give brief review of the recent progress and direction of a particular topics.

This study investigated the adequacy of the physics textbooks in use in Senior Secondary Schools in Nigeria using Owerri municipal as case study. Five research questions guided the study. The sampled textual materials were the three recommended physics textbooks. Twenty six physics teachers from ten public secondary schools in Owerri municipal, Imo State were used. The evaluation of these text books were carried out using the 8 – point quantitative approach to content evaluation of science text books (QACEST) and teacher’s perception rating scales (TPRS). The 8 – point QACEST was used to answer research questions 1 to 4 while research question 5 was answered using teacher’s perception rating scale The result revealed that while all the text books were adequate in terms of content and study questions inadequacies exist in some of the texts in the areas of learning activities, illustrations and teacher’s perception. This simply implies that no single text books have completely met the requirements of the new physics curriculum. However, teachers should not adhere to a particular text book but rather should expose their student to a variety of text books depending on the goal or aim of the lessons.Keywords: Investigating, Adequacy, Text book, conceptual understanding

BackgroundObsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a debilitating mental health condition characterized by recurrent, intrusive thoughts and repetitive behaviors that significantly disrupt daily life. Medical students may be uniquely susceptible to obsessive compulsive symptoms due to their constant exposure to potential contaminants and infectious diseases during their training. Obsessive Compulsive symptoms among medical students are often overlooked, which can significantly impact their academic performance, well-being, and future career prospects. The prevalence and factors of obsessive compulsive symptom is not widely studied in low and middle income countries and there are limited studies in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of obsessive compulsive symptoms among medical students.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study conducted among 370 students. The outcome variable was assessed using the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised scale (OCI-R). The collected data were entered using kobo collect tool box version 1.3 and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Bivariable and multivariable logistic analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with Obsessive Compulsive symptoms and variables with P-values less than 0.05 were considered to have significant association with 95% confidence interval.ResultThe probable prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder among medical and health science students was 28% with (95% CI: 26.4–32.7). Being female [AOR = 1.33(95%CI: 1.09, 2.18)], Depressive symptoms [AOR = 2.12(95%CI: 1.95, 4.06)], Maladaptive coping mechanism [AOR = 1.74 (95%CI: 1.23, 2.50)], and Poor sleep quality [(AOR = 1.48(95%CI: 1.08, 2.24)] were significantly associated with obsessive compulsive symptoms.ConclusionObsessive Compulsive Symptom has a high probable prevalence among medical and health science students. Being female, experiencing depressive symptoms, employing maladaptive coping mechanisms, and having poor sleep quality were significantly associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Therefore, early detection, screening, and appropriate intervention for obsessive-compulsive symptoms in medical students are crucial.

Over the last few decades, physical principles have been proposed to explain some biological processes and functions. However, biological principles remain elusive. A biological principle is a governing rule that guides the structure and functions of cells. Biological principles are built upon the laws of physics and chemistry, but they go beyond these laws and are unique to living matter. Here, we discuss what differentiates a biological principle from a physical principle and discuss candidates for biological principles. We review evidence from literature that regulation of cytoskeletal prestress (endogenous cytoskeletal pre-existing tensile stress) is essential for governing biological structures and functions of living cells. We propose that, in addition to the biological principles of Central Dogma and metabolism, cytoskeletal prestress homeostasis is a biological principle of a living cell across all domains of life. We propose that living cells regulate their stress and modulus to limit maximum strain on the cells. Homeostasis of endogenous energy-dependent, stress-supported systems that use cytoskeletal (CSK) prestress (the force of life) to stabilize structure represents a biological principle of a living cell that is not observed in inorganic systems, whereas other basic principles (e.g., self-assembly) are required for living systems but are also found in simpler nonliving systems. Leveraging biological principles of cells may have far-reaching implications in understanding the essence of cell life and designing effective interventions for therapeutics to advance medicine and enhance human health.

Author Guidelines Are Here!

Editorial: Twenty‐Five Years Later…

Time and space have a unique application in cinema. The rules of common sense do not necessarily apply, and to some extent, the laws of physics are transgressed. Cinematic narratives frequently employ non-linear constructions, exploring and manipulating the connection between storytelling and chronology, to distort the perception of time. On the other hand, place offers a space for the story to develop. Locations in film can figure a character, support plot development, or be entirely fictitious. Additionally, a closer look at the notion of chronology and meaning finds a broader sense in the notion of the time-image by philosopher Gilles Deleuze, whose premise is the infusion of time within a picture. Furthermore, based on the principles of physics, time and space are intricately linked. In this study, the examination of cinematic space and time through a selection of independent and mainstream movies aims to identify creative possibilities of storytelling for film. Keywords : Cinema, Time, Space, Narrative, Storytelling, Film DOI : 10.7176/NMMC/82-02 Publication date : August 31 st 2019

Medical science, medical services and medical education.

This paper discovers that current variational principle and Noether theorem for different physics systems with (in) finite freedom systems have missed the double extremum processes of the general extremum functional that both is deduced by variational principle and is necessarily taken in deducing all the physics laws, but these have not been corrected for over a century since Noether's proposing her famous theorem, which result in the crisis deducing relevant mathematical laws and all physics laws. This paper discovers there is the hidden logic cycle that one assumes Euler-Lagrange equations, and then he finally deduces Euler-Lagrange equations via the equivalent relation in the whole processes in all relevant current references. This paper corrects the current key mistakes that when physics systems choose the variational extreme values, the appearing processes of the physics systems are real physics processes, otherwise, are virtual processes in all current articles, reviews and (text) books. The real physics should be after choosing the variational extreme values of physics systems, the general extremum functional of the physics systems needs to further choose the minimum absolute extremum zero of the general extremum functional, otherwise, the appearing processes of physics systems are still virtual processes. Using the double extremum processes of the general extremum functionals, the crisis and the hidden logic cycle in current variational principle and current Noether theorem are solved. Furthermore, the new mathematical and physical double extremum processes and their new mathematical pictures and physics for (in) finite freedom systems are discovered. This paper gives both general variational principle and general Noether theorem as well as their classical and quantum new physics, which would rewrite all relevant current different branches of science, as key tools of studying and processing them.

Physical Laws and Human Behavior: A Three-Tier Framework

Background: Sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy diet patterns increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Estimating the magnitude of behavioural risk factors is vital for planners and policy makers to formulate appropriate and locally suitable interventions. The objective of this study was to estimate the magnitude and pattern of behavioural risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among college students (medical, dental, pharmacy, engineering and arts and science colleges) in Mysuru.Methods:A cross sectional study was carried out among students of medical, dental, pharmacy, engineering and arts and science colleges in Mysuru using snow-balling technique. Based on CDC-BRFSS (Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System) and Cardiovascular Risk Assessment Questionnaire developed by Metagenics, New Zealand, a self-administered questionnaire was developed according to the local cultural and food practices , which was used to collect information on dietary pattern, exercise pattern, tobacco and alcohol consumption. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 22) and P value of <0.05 was considered as significant.Results: In the study, 45.8% of 970 study participants lead a sedentary lifestyle and 13.1% exercise in the gym regularly. Majority of students from Arts and Science College lead a sedentary lifestyle. Dietary pattern assessment revealed that 71% of the students consumed fried food frequently (highest among medical students - 82.4%). Medical and dental students also consumed the maximum amount of sweets i.e. 60.9% and 67.1% respectively. Non-vegetarian food was frequently consumed by 30% of medical and dental students.47% of the current smokers were MBBS students. 37.8% of the students who consumed alcohol admitted to binge drinking.Conclusions:Unhealthy behavioural risk factors for CVDs are higher among medical students, despite the fact that they know most about the detrimental effects of these practices. Developing strategies targeting these behavioural risk factors to improve the health status of college students play a crucial role in protecting the youth from cardiovascular diseases in future.

The first great work on the philosophy of medicine is Claude Bernard’s An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine 1 which was written just over one hundred years ago. Bernard was one of the first proponents of an organismic vision of life — neither crudely mechanistic nor vitalistic — that affirmed both the universal validity of physio-chemical laws in the biological domain and the existence of special non-reducible features, physiological in character, of living matter. For Bernard, the body was a “living machine”2 not exempted from the laws of physics and chemistry, and a “creative idea” which “expresses itself” through physio-chemical means. Physio-chemical means, he continues, “are common to all natural phenomena and remain mingled, pell-mell, like the letters of the alphabet in a box till a force goes to fetch them, to express the most varied thoughts and mechanisms.”3 For Bernard, then, organs were like words, and individual organisms were like sentences. Here Bernard’s — and Toulmin’s — analysis would stop. Wartofsky, however, would go one step further and say that socio-historical communities of organisms are like languages: diseases which for Bernard and Toulmin then are pathologies of “words;” and “sentences” are for Wartofsky principally pathologies of“languages.”

The purpose of this study is to discuss a wrong statement written about dimensional analysis in a physics text book prepared for the students who are studying in science, engineering and teaching undergraduate programs at universities and who have to take compulsory physics courses, to analyse the use of the text book including the wrong expression and its effects, and to define it again. The data of this qualitative study were gathered by examining the documents such as book or scientific paper published on the subject with a descriptive analysis method. The physics textbook is commonly used around the world and is one of the sources from which both instructors and undergraduates benefit and which includes a statement that draws attention. This statement is, “All quantities can be converted into length, time and mass units in the end. No matter how complex any physical quantity is, it is stated as algebraic combination of these three basic quantities.” Books are required to be designed and written in such a way that they facilitate learning visually, conceptually and accurately. The research studies reveal that books that are not written correctly both visually and conceptually can cause misconceptions among individuals. It is known that identifying and eliminating misconceptions takes time, requires extra work, and has effects that prevent students from learning physics topics and thus making the learning process difficult. The most important findings of this study are as follows: the wrong description about dimensional analysis will not only be a book error, it will lead to misconceptions, and it will hinder learning dimensional analysis correctly and students’ studying physics course. The studies carried out revealed that knowing the existing mistakes encountered in documents that are used as a reference book in physics courses are very important for instructors who teach physics courses at universities, writers who prepare physics courses, publishers and the relevant departments of the textbook industry.