九州大学伊都キャンパスにおける流体工学モデルRIAM-COMPACT【○!R】を用いた100kW級風レンズ風車のマイクロサイティング : 第2報 土地造成を考慮した場合

Carbon footprint of tourism in Barcelona

CCS Chain Capacity Selection for Flexible Load Power Plant

This study presents a field-proven, engineered methodology for implementing a closed-loop drilling fluid recycling system to simultaneously reduce operational costs and environmental impact. The approach integrates advanced mechanical separation, chemical reconditioning, and real-time monitoring within a rigorous four-phase framework designed to reliably restore waste fluid to precise performance specifications, thereby transforming a linear waste stream into a circular resource. The system delivered significant economic and environmental outcomes, including a 50% reduction in per-well fluid costs. A complementary lifecycle assessment confirmed a substantial reduction in CO₂ emissions by curtailing the manufacturing and transportation of new mud. The engineered solution demonstrates that operational efficiency and environmental stewardship are fundamentally synergistic through systematic innovation. This research establishes mud recycling as a critical, value-generating standard for sustainable drilling operations. By introducing a comprehensive cost-benefit framework, practical reuse protocols, and regulatory risk mitigation strategies, the study bridges the gap between sustainability and profitability. The findings provide actionable best practices for the industry, conclusively showing that closed-loop recycling achieves substantial cost benefits while significantly reducing environmental liabilities.

This paper examines the economic feasibility of implementing a Floating Solar Photovoltaic (FSPV) system in a Philippine Lake using the PVsyst simulation tool. The study involved a detailed simulation of the FSPV system's performance, considering various environmental and technical parameters. Key aspects such as system configuration, energy yield, and financial metrics including payback period and net present value were analyzed. Results indicate that the FSPV system could significantly contribute to local energy needs while proving to be a financially viable investment due to substantial reductions in CO2 emissions and lower energy costs compared to traditional power sources. According to assessments and simulations performed using PVSyst software, the FSPV system would possess a capacity of 10 kWp, with an expected available energy output of 13,599 kWh per year and an expected energy consumption of 12,940 kWh per year. The economic modeling of the FSPV system revealed a relatively short payback period of 4.8 years, with a net present value of Php 741,732.00 and a substantial return on investment of 227.5%. The Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) was estimated at Php 6.18 per kWh. The study underscores the potential of FSPV systems to meet the renewable energy needs of isolated communities by leveraging local water bodies for solar installations.

Sustainable logistics network for wood flow considering cascade utilisation

Background: The rapid digital transformation in logistics requires the adaptation of transport companies to electronic information management, particularly through the implementation of electronic consignment notes (e-CMR). This study examines how the digitization of transport documentation affects the competitiveness, operational efficiency, and environmental performance of road freight transport companies. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted among Slovak and Czech carriers to analyze their experience and readiness for adopting e-CMR. The collected data were evaluated using descriptive and comparative methods to quantify economic and ecological impacts, focusing mainly on invoicing efficiency and paper consumption. Results: The results show that only a small share of carriers currently use e-CMR, primarily due to high software costs and the lack of partner participation. Nevertheless, digitization can significantly shorten the average invoicing delay by approximately 11.5 days, releasing around 7% of tied-up working capital and improving cash flow. From an environmental perspective, the replacement of paper CMR forms could save millions of sheets annually, leading to a substantial reduction in CO2 emissions and paper waste within the V4 region. Conclusions: The findings confirm that the adoption of e-CMR improves economic performance, increases transparency, and contributes to sustainability, representing a crucial step toward a more competitive and environmentally responsible road freight transport sector in Europe.

This study examines the short- and long-run impacts of economic growth and unemployment (SDG 8), energy consumption (SDG 7) and income inequality (SDG 10) on CO2 emissions in South Africa over the period 1980-2012 to establish potential synergy/trade-off to achieve these goals. We use the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to cointegration technique. Our results show that the promotion of economic growth (SDG 8) as well as the reduction in energy consumption/increase in energy efficiency (SDG 7) can be achieved in synergy with the reduction of CO2 emissions (SDG 13). On the other hand, our results suggest a trade-off between reducing unemployment rate or achieving productive employment and decent work (SGD 8) and mitigating CO2 emissions (SDG 13). Neither a synergy nor trade-off (neutral relationship) is found between the reduction of income inequality (SDG 10) and the reduction of CO2 emissions (SDG 13). Our findings highlight the importance of mainstreaming SDG’s policy interactions to achieve sustainable development goals, while also stressing the potential for South Africa to achieve low-carbon development should economic growth be decoupled from carbon-intensive energy use through policies that promote access and effective use of clean energy. The transition to clean energy is therefore emphasized and relevant factors underpinning such as transition should be explored further. Highlights This study examines the short- and long-run impacts of economic growth and unemployment (SDG 8), energy consumption (SDG 7) and income inequality (SDG 10) on CO2 emissions in South Africa The autoregressive distributed lag approach to cointegration is employed A synergy is established between the promotion of economic growth (SDG 8) and the reduction of CO2 emissions (SDG 13), and between the reduction in energy consumption/increase in energy efficiency (SDG 7) and the reduction of CO2 emissions (SDG 13) A trade-off is confirmed between reducing unemployment rate or achieving productive employment and decent work (SDG 8) and mitigating CO2 emissions (SDG 13) A neutral relationship is found between the reduction of income inequality (SDG 10) and the reduction of CO2 emissions (SDG 13) Policymakers need to mainstream SDG’s policy interactions to achieve sustainable development goals South Africa can achieve low-carbon development should economic growth be decoupled from carbon-intensive energy use through policies that promote access and effective use of clean energy

Hydropower plays an important role as renewable and clean energy in the world's overall energy supply. Electricity generation from hydropower represented approximately 16.6% of the world's total electricity and 70% of all renewable electricity in 2015. Determining the different effects of 1.5 and 2 °C of global warming has become a hot spot in water resources research. However, there are still few studies on the impacts of different global warming levels on gross hydropower potential. This study used a coupled hydrological and techno‐economic model framework to assess hydropower production under global warming levels of 1.5 and 2 °C, while also considering gross hydropower potential, power consumption, and economic factors. The results show that both global warming levels will have a positive impact on the hydropower production of a tropical island (Sumatra) relative to the historical period; however, the ratio of hydropower production versus power demand provided by 1.5 °C of global warming is 40% higher than that provided by 2 °C of global warming under RCP6.0. The power generation by hydropower plants shows incongruous changing trends with hydropower potential under the same global warming levels. This inconformity occurs because the optimal sites for hydropower plants were chosen by considering not only hydropower potential but also economic factors. In addition, the reduction in CO2 emissions under global warming of 1.5 °C (39.06 × 106 t) is greater than that under global warming of 2 °C (10.20 × 106 t), which reveals that global warming decreases the benefits necessary to relieve global warming levels. However, the hydropower generation and the reduction in CO2 emissions will be far less than the energy demand when protected areas are excluded as potential sites for hydropower plants, with a sharp decrease of 40–80%. Thus, government policy‐makers should consider the trade‐off between hydropower generation and forest coverage area in nationally determined contributions.

Over the last ∼200 years, since the start of the industrial revolution, the increase in the burning of fossil fuels, cement manufacturing and changes to land use has increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations from ∼80 to 385 ppm. These are the highest levels experienced on Earth for at least the last 800,000 years, possibly for the past 10’s of millions of years. The 2007 IPCC report on climate change predicts a continued rapid rise in atmospheric CO2 leading to significant temperature increases in the atmosphere and ocean in the coming decades, as well as other climate changes. The IPCC (2007) also reports, for the first time, that increasing anthropogenic CO2 will result in increased acidity of the world’s surface oceans. This process is already happening and further rapid decreases in ocean pH will occur this century, concomitantly with warming seas, creating multiple threats to the marine environment. The future addition of massive amounts of CO2 to surface waters will have a profound impact on ocean chemistry and could have an equally profound impact on biogeochemical cycles, marine organisms, ecosystems and the services they provide. ‘Ocean acidification’ is a strong additional argument to that of climate change for urgent and substantial reduction of CO2 emissions.

Is CCS (Carbon Capture and Storage) a super hero who successfully deals with the issue of climate change or a dangerous monster who will bring a series of environmental risks and problems? In the context of global climate change, that is a hard question that has to be answered. As a big developing country with 75% of its electricity supply generated from thermal power China is at a crucial crossroad on how to respond to the issue of climate change. On one hand, China needs to develop its economy, this means that in the short term, China cannot escape its dependence on fossil fuels; and on the other hand, China is also facing strong international pressure on carbon emission reduction, this means that China will have to abate the use of fossil fuels. However, CCS gives China a new road and a brilliant hope especially in the context of China’s national climate change law which is in the legislative process, although there is no special law to regulate CCS. The legislature should develop a reasonably clear legal framework for CCS to ensure environmental safety and sustainable development. In recent years, the European Union has been trying to play a leadership role in the global action response to climate change. As proof of its determination to deal with the issue of climate change, the EU has been seeking a substantial reduction of CO2 emissions. For this purpose, the carbon capture and storage becomes a crucial technology. Therefore, the experience of the EU CCS legal framework will have more implication for China.KeywordsCarbon Capture and Storagecarbon emission reductionEU CCS legal frameworkclimate change

Role of economic growth, renewable energy, and technological innovation to achieve environmental sustainability in Kazakhstan

Global climate change caused by Greenhouse gases (GHGs), particularly carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, poses incomparable threats to the environment, development, and sustainability. This research investigates the potential of economic growth, renewable energy use, and technological innovation to achieve environmental sustainability by reducing CO2 emissions in Bangladesh. Time series data from 1980 to 2019 were utilized by applying the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach followed by the Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) method. The DOLS estimate findings show that the long-run coefficient of economic growth is positive and significant with CO2 emissions, indicating a 1% increase in economic growth is related to a 1.3% rise in CO2 emissions. Furthermore, the coefficient of renewable energy use is negative and significant, which indicates that increasing renewable energy use by 1% is associated with CO2 emissions reduction by 0.15% in the long run. In addition, the estimated long-run coefficient of technological innovation is negative but not significant, implying that a 1% increase in technological innovation results in a 0.07% reduction in CO2 emissions. The empirical findings reveal that economic growth increases CO2 emissions in Bangladesh while increased renewable energy use and technological innovation help to achieve environmental sustainability by reducing CO2 emissions. The estimated results are robust to alternative estimators such as fully modified least squares (FMOLS) and canonical cointegrating regression (CCR). In addition, the pairwise Granger causality test is utilized to capture the causal linkage between the variables. This article provides policy recommendations aimed at a low-carbon economy, promoting renewable energy use, and financing technological advancement, to achieve emission reduction and environmental sustainability in Bangladesh.

The article presents the results and lessons learned from a project for the electrification of equipment used for well testing and production in Ecuador. We quantified the reduction of CO2 emissions and noise in upstream operations in some of the most active oil fields in South America, located in one of the most biologically rich places in the world. In Ecuador, jet pumping is used for well testing and to a lesser extent for mature field production. The power equipment for the jet pump includes a 350 hp diesel engine. To improve the energy efficiency of its services, a project was executed to replace these engines with electric motors in 30% of the production units of one of the largest service companies in Ecuador. CO2 emissions were quantified and noise generated by a sample of diesel engines were measured. From this data, the reduction of emissions achieved by this electrification project was estimated. The construction and operation of hydroelectric power plants have facilitated the integration of numerous oil fields in the Ecuadorian Amazon into the National Interconnected System. This has made it possible for operating and service companies to invest in projects to improve the energy efficiency of production processes. In this project, the replacement of diesel engines with electric motors has resulted in the avoidance of 11,200 tons of CO2 emissions since 2017. Costs associated with fuel supply were reduced. The electric equipment was more stable, and non-productive times were minimized. Additionally, noise levels in the external environment of the wells were lowered from 54 dBA to 41 dBA, this holds significant importance in environmentally sensitive regions, such as the Amazon. Among the lessons learned is the need for specialized personnel to operate and maintain electrical equipment. Internal certification processes were implemented for the technicians in charge of these tasks. It is not possible to change 100% of the production units because not all wells have access to electricity generated through renewable means. However, switching to electric motors has proven to be a cost-effective investment to improve the energy efficiency of operations and reduce CO2 emissions. It is known that to achieve climate change mitigation goals by 2050, the oil industry must reduce its emissions by 90%. The present work is an example of how current technologies, that leverage local government investments in renewables, make it possible to achieve substantial reductions in emissions, controlling the environmental impact in one of the most sensitive areas of the planet.

Role of CCS for Emission Reduction from Fertiliser and Cement Industry

Solar Tri-Generation: New Concept of Solar Energy System