Rights and Trust in Multimedia Information Management

Geospatial digital rights management

클라우드 컴퓨팅 기술과 스마트 장치 기술의 발전은 다양한 분야에서 그 영향력을 확대하고 있다. 콘텐츠 서비스에 있어서 콘텐츠를 안전하게 보호하기 위한 DRM(digital rights management) 기술은 매우 중요한 요소로 다양한 스마트 장치에서 시간 및 장소의 제약 없이 서비스를 제공하기 위해서는 DRM 기술 간의 상호 운용성(interoperability)을 해결해야 한다. 본 논문에서는 클라우드 환경에서 DRM 기능들을 서비스로 제공하는 DRM 클라우드를 연구하여 서로 다른 DRM 기술들을 서비스로 제공함으로써 상호 운용성을 해결하고자 한다. 즉, 서로 다른 DRM이 적용된 콘텐츠를 스마트 장치에서 사용하고자 할 때 DRM 클라우드로부터 해당 DRM 모듈과 기능들을 SaaS와 같은 서비스로 콘텐츠의 사용을 제어한다. 이를 위해 DRM 클라우드 사용자와 DRM 클라우드 간의 원활한 서비스 호출과 제공을 수행하는 중개자인 DRM Proxy의 기능과 구조를 정의하고 구현 결과를 기술한다. The development of cloud computing technology and smart devices have increasingly been expanding the influence in various fields. Although DRM(Digital Rights Management) is a very important technology for secure content services, interoperability among DRM technologies must be addressed in order to provide the service without the constraints of time and place on various smart devices. In this paper, we study DRM Cloud which provides DRM functions as a service in cloud computing environment, and address interoperability problem by providing different DRM technologies as a cloud service. That is, when a user wants to play contents with the different DRM technologies on a smart device, the usage of the content is controlled by providing the corresponding DRM module and function as SaaS from DRM cloud. To do this, we define the functions and structure of DRM Proxy which performs smooth service call and provision between DRM cloud user and DRM cloud, and finally we describe the experimental implementation result.

Digital Rights Management (DRM) systems' interoperability is becoming one of the main obstacles for their wider adoption, especially from medium and small size users. Interoperability issues affect, among others, the management of content usage rules by third parties (authorities) and the automation of licensing procedures upon the purchase of digital content. The fundamental question of who is handling content licenses in the national or global DRM value chain is complex, with business, social and technological extensions. In this paper, we discuss current trends in DRM systems technology and business modelling and briefly present a proposal for handling digital content licensing, Distributed License Catalogues (DLCs). The DLC concept, borrowed from web engineering, makes available ("advertises") content or services concerning DRM functionalities, enabling multi-party DRM eco-systems.

An improved E-DRM scheme for mobile environments

The simplicity of material reproduction and distribution has made protecting intellectual property rights more and more difficult in the digital age. By means of access and use control, Digital Rights Management (DRM) systems have become increasingly important in protecting copyrighted material. Studies indicate that DRM especially in the music and publishing sectors discourages illegal use and supports monetisation strategies for digital media. DRM, on the other hand, sometimes creates compromises that can lower user happiness and even promote piracy as a kind of resistance by restricting consumer rights and interoperability problems. New studies underlined the need of a balanced DRM strategy combining legal, technical, and economic elements while honouring fair use and user autonomy. Advances in blockchain and smart contracts are also being investigated as decentralised substitutes for conventional DRM systems, promising possible enhancements in rights enforcement and openness. The ease with which material may be reproduced and disseminated in the digital age has made intellectual property rights protection more difficult. Systems for digital rights management, or DRM, have become essential for protecting intellectual material by limiting access and use. DRM successfully discourages unauthorised usage and promotes digital media monetisation models, according to research, especially in the publishing and music sectors. DRM frequently brings trade-offs, though, such restricted consumer rights and interoperability problems, which can lower user pleasure and occasionally incite piracy as a form of resistance. A balanced DRM strategy that incorporates legal, technological, and economic tactics while upholding fair usage and user liberty is crucial, according to recent study. As decentralised alternatives to conventional DRM systems, developments in blockchain technology and smart contracts are also being investigated since they may enhance rights enforcement and transparency.

This paper presents mechanisms to manage and protect notification of events in Digital Rights Management systems. Event notification is an important part within DRM systems that enable the controlled use of multimedia content through the complete digital valued chain, from creation to consumption of digital assets. These modules are responsible for reporting events related to multimedia content and/or peers that interact with them. Then, producers and distributors of multimedia content can be informed of the usage of the multimedia content that they have produced or distributed. In some cases, it is also important to protect the reported data in order to ensure its integrity and authenticity. I. INTRODUCTION Digital Rights Management (DRM) systems enable the creation, distribution and consumption of multimedia content. These systems are made up of different elements that enable the controlled use of multimedia content through the complete digital value chain. Typical components of DRM systems are digital object creators, license creators and interpreters, protection servers, etc. Moreover, something that could help when using multimedia content in a controlled way is the notification of events being done by users of multimedia systems. In this way, distributors of multimedia content can be informed of the usage of the multimedia objects they have provided through a web site, a downloading service or whatever distribution mechanism used. Afterwards, users illegally distributing content could be prosecuted by means of these activity records. By means of the chain of licenses or digital objects defining the contractual relationships between the actors of the value chain, they could be informed of the use of the content that they have created, adapted, distributed, etc. The notification of events could be useful, for example example to monitor the usage of copyrighted material or to know the exact connectivity conditions between two Peers when trying to deliver multimedia content. In the first case, a distributor could specify that, whenever the content that he distributes is rendered, he would receive a notification enabling him to manage his royalties. Then, the Peer would generate a notification, upon the content is rendered, which would be delivered to the distributor. This event notification would contain information about the digital content and the conditions under which it has been rendered. MPEG-21 Event Reporting (1) provides a standardised way for sharing information about events amongst peers and users. Such events are related to multimedia content and/or peers that interact with them. In the MPEG-21 context, the reporting messages that include information about different aspects of media usage are called Event Reports. MPEG-21 Event Reporting had some limitations when trying to manage events in trusted systems. Then, we proposed a way to improve this standard expanding its capabilities. A core experiment was carried out in order to verify the solution we had proposed for the report of events in trusted systems. This paper presents the solution that we proposed and how it was integrated in the MPEG-21 Event Reporting standard. On the other hand, in some of the above situations, especially in non-trusted systems, event notifications should be protected. We should guarantee access and modification only to the users that have permission. MPEG-21 Event Reporting standard initiative does not take into account the security of the events being notified. This specification does not provide a way to ensure integrity and authenticity or protection to the reported data neither to the request data. Usually, it is important to protect the sensible data reported, as the user data and the operations that he/she has performed will be later used to produce usage statistics, billing information, etc. This paper also presents a possible solution to this issue.

The digital content distribution businesses satisfy people's requirements for the rich and colorful digital content and also promote the user experience. These businesses also make an increasing profit for content makers, content providers and network carrier, and will be a critical position in the future business value chain. However, copyright piracy still doesn't solve very well and results in great loss for content providers. The digital content has the characteristics of easy copy and distribution, therefore, digital rights management has been the key technology to protect intellectual property of digital contents, control their dissemination and usage in digital content Web issue. First, synthetically analyze the disadvantages of typical digital rights management framework. Second, given a series of the problems in the modern system, digital rights management system based on smart card is proposed. Making use of the characteristic of smart card itself, the new framework will be mobile, secure and off-line. Following this, a set of digital management protocols are designed, including license acquisition protocol, usage, update protocol and authentication. The new system's framework, module structure, system design and realization are described. At last, the new system's characteristic is analyzed and is proved to be secure and efficiency.

Owing to the proliferation of digitized media applications, such as e-Book, streaming videos, web images, shared music, etc., there is a growing need to protect the intellectual property rights of digital media and prevent illegal copying and falsification. This explains the strong demand for digital rights management (DRM), which is an access control technology that protects and enforces the rights associated with the use of digital content, such as multimedia data. The most important functions of DRM are to prevent unauthorized access and the creation of unauthorized copies of digital content, and moreover to provide a mechanism by which copies can be detected and traced (content tracking). Digital rights management is the most critical component of the intellectual property management and protection (IPMP) protocol widely promoted in the MPEG standards. Under the IPMP's scope, intellectual property (IP) is anything whose use owes the inventors or the owners some form of compensation. This could be a particular media application or it could be the technology used by the media. The management of IP involves storage and serving, appropriate authorization of use, and correct billing and tracking. The protection of IP prevents unauthorized use or misuse of the IP and can make legitimate use easy. According to [1], an effective DRM system should have the following four requirements. (1) The DRM system must package the content to be protected in a secure manner. (2) The DRM system must obtain the access conditions (license) specified by the owner of the protected content. (3) The DRM system must determine whether the access conditions have been fulfilled […]

Over the last few years, Digital Rights Management (DRM) systems have become increasingly successful in various areas of digital content production and distribution. While DRM-related technology research has achieved a certain degree of maturity since the 1990�s, the legal framework surrounding DRM systems remains in flux and is fiercely debated. This keynote speech first provides an overview of the various ways by which digital content is protected in a DRM system. The intertwining protection by technology, contracts, technology licenses and anti-circumvention regulations may lead to a new property right making copyright protection obsolete. However, there is a danger of over-protection: questions of fair use and other limitations to traditional copyright law have to be addressed. If competition is not able to solve this tension between the interests of content providers and the interests of users or the society at large -- which seems doubtful at least -- it is the law that has to provide a solution. The speech presents the different approaches legislatures in Europe and in the United States have adopted. Second, the speech discusses recent developments at the intersection of DRM and the law, in particular the discussions about DRM interoperability, patents on DRM technology, DRM standards, and the relationship between DRM and levy systems as well as between DRM and trusted computing. Third, the speech analyzes recent scholarship that attempts to solve legal and policy questions surrounding DRM on a technological level. The speech questions whether the tension between technological protection and public values such as fair use, privacy, competition and an innovation commons is really irreconcilable. It argues for a more nuanced approach that explores possibilities and limitations of a value-centered technology design of DRM systems. Only if technology research focuses on such questions, the disapproval of DRM systems by many legal scholars and policy activists could possibly diminish in the long term.

This article presents a roadmap of emerging legal problems in the area of Digital Rights Management (DRM). It argues against adopting fundamentalist viewpoints in the DRM policy debate. In particular, DRM technology is much more flexible than many DRM critics acknowledge. The article covers various problems that are less frequently discussed in legal and policy circles. It analyzes the relationship between DRM, fair use, and innovation, using rights locker architectures, dynamic DRM systems, the Creative Commons project, DRM technology license agreements, and security research as examples. It addresses the alleged dichotomy between DRM and copyright levy systems as well as the implications of DRM for privacy protection. By analyzing various technology platforms, it describes the implications DRM has for competition in platform markets as well as in complementary aftermarkets. Finally, the article assesses recent efforts to standardize DRM technology, both by the private sector (in particular TCPA and Palladium), and by the legislature.

Digital Rights Management (DRM) is a means through which copyrights can be protected using technology rather than the legal system. It is controversial because it allows content creators to control the level of access that users have to content they have purchased to a much greater degree than ever before. In additional to preventing illegal piracy, DRM allows content creators to prohibit the “Fair Uses” that the legal system has consistently protected. Human factors practitioners involved in the design of electronic devices that use copyrighted media, including computers, music players, gaming systems, cell phones, digital video recorders, and others, must recognize the effects of DRM on consumer product design. When analyzing user requirements, the interaction between DRM software and user behaviors must be considered. User interfaces should be designed to make the constraints imposed by DRM and the access that is supported easily visible. Including a consideration of DRM and its interactions with interface design will increase the likelihood that consumer electronics are successful.

Music Downloads and the Flip Side of DRM Protection

본 논문에서는 홈 도메인에서 상이한 DRM 규격의 콘텐츠 재배포가 안전하게 이루어질 수 있도록 홈 도메인 기반의 상호 호환성을 위한 DRM 시스템을 제안하였다. DRM 규격이 다른 디바이스간의 콘텐츠 재배포에 대한 어려움을 해결함으로서, 사용자의 콘텐츠 사용상의 제약과 불편을 해소하고 동시에 콘텐츠 제작자 및 제공자의 권익을 보호할 수 있는 홈 도메인 내의 콘텐츠 재배포를 위한 DRM 시스템을 제안하였다. 사용자가 구입한 콘텐츠를 자신이 소유한 다른 디지털 디바이스에서도 자유롭게 사용할 수 있도록, 디바이스들을 하나의 홈 도메인으로 묶어 상호 호환성있는 DRM을 위한 홈 도메인을 구축했다. 이로서 엑스포트 및 임포트 디바이스 각각 HADM에 의하여 홈도메인에서 인증되면, DIM을 이용하여 엑스포트 디바이스의 콘텐츠 및 라이선스를 임포트 디바이스의 DRM 규격에 맞게 변환한 후 재패키징하여 임포트 디바이스에게 재배포할 수 있게 된다. In this paper, we proposed the interoperable DRM(Digital Rights Management) system that allows to redistribute contents safely based on home domain. We tried to solve the problem about contents redistribution between devices under different DRM regime so that we suggested a interoperable DRM system that allow end users to redistribute contents within home domain can solve the restriction and the inconvenience occuring in using contents and at the same time protect the right of contents producer and provider as well. In order that end users can use freely their contents using home digital device without additional payment, we must build a home domain for interoperable DRM system for contents redistribution among devices. If both of exporting device and importing device are authenticated in home domain by HADM(Home Authorized Domain Manager), then the exporting device can redistribute packaged contents under importing DRM regime to the importing device by DIM(DRM Interoperability Manager).

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to answer the question of whether digital rights management (DRM) can be useful to libraries.Design/methodology/approachThe paper provides a legal and technical description of DRM and its current and future opportunities.FindingsThe paper finds that digital rights management has possibilities that can be useful for libraries. But it is important that librarians become more active in the standardization and development of new ideas. Some examples are given.Originality/valueThe paper offers a realistic approach to DRM for libraries.

Mobile multimedia has been promoted as a promising service and application in mobile e-commerce (m-commerce) by many mobile operators and mobile service providers, when high-speed mobile networks are expected to take off in the near future. However, at present, mobile multimedia is still in its infancy, accessed by relatively low-end mobile devices with limited bandwidth and resources. A typical example is Orange in Hong Kong which launched a low-grade multimedia service in 2000 to test the market with current mobile technologies. Due to the physical constraints of a 2.5G mobile network, audio broadcast is the best service that the network can offer up to date. However, in the near future, when advanced mobile networks and technologies become available, higher demands will be placed on the quality of mobile multimedia services. Such services support both audio and video data, for example, video conferencing, music video, video-on-demand and so on. Rights management deserves more serious concern because intellectual property of distributed multimedia content is as valuable as a company’s physical assets (Doherty, 2002). This will become even more important when mobile multimedia services become marketable and an essential part of the business. The purpose of a digital rights management (DRM) system is to allow owners of digital assets (movies, songs) to distribute their products/services/contents electronically in a controlled way (Peinado, 2002). DRM technology makes various online payment schemes possible, such as pay-per-view, pay-per-download, pay-per-game and so on. Hence, mobile service providers are able to control end users’ use of, and accessibility to, their products, and stand to gain huge profits from this capability with the DRM technology (Foroughi, Albin, & Gillard, 2002). A successful DRM system should address both business and technical issues (Grab, 2002), but this chapter only addresses and presents issues in the technical side due to the nature of this book. We present some critical issues of mobile DRM for mobile multimedia. A proposal of mobile DRM framework is presented to meet the urgent DRM needs with the existing 2.5G mobile technology. This chapter is concluded by presenting future directions of mobile DRM for mobile multimedia.