Robotics in solid waste handling: From science fiction to reality

The scientific article is devoted to the public administration of solid household waste management as a direction of consumer rights protection. Attention was drawn to the positive aspects of public administration regarding the management of solid household waste as a means of protecting consumer rights (for example, in the Dnipropetrovsk region): the existence of the National Waste Management Strategy in Ukraine until 2030; availability of a regulatory and legislative framework in the field of management and handling of solid household waste; availability of "Methodical recommendations for the development of regional waste management plans”; existence of a solid household waste management program in the Dnipropetrovsk region for 2022-2024; positive experience of the EU and other developed countries in the field of effective management and handling of solid household waste; the presence of a solid household waste collection and disposal system; availability of municipal solid waste landfills; availability of enterprises for processing, processing and disposal of hazardous components of solid household waste; initiation of elements of separate collection of solid household waste; gradual formation of awareness among the population regarding the need to separate resource-valuable components from the general flow of solid household waste. It was concluded that the problematic issues in public administration regarding the handling of solid household waste as a direction of consumer rights protection (for example, in the Dnipropetrovsk region): the tendency to increase the scale of generation and accumulation of solid household waste; lack of a systematic approach to creating effective management and handling of solid household waste; insufficient funding of solid waste management and management; low level of implementation of previous regional solid waste management and handling programs; low level of utilization of resource-valuable components of solid household waste; lack of waste transfer stations and waste processing enterprises, etc.

Generally, solid waste handling and management are performed by municipality or local authority. In most of developing countries, local authorities suffer from serious solid waste management (SWM) problems and insufficient data and strategic planning. Thus it is important to develop robust solid waste generation forecasting model. It helps to proper manage the generated solid waste and to develop future plan based on relatively accurate figures. In Malaysia, solid waste generation rate increases rapidly due to the population growth and new consumption trends that characterize the modern life style. This paper aims to develop monthly solid waste forecasting model using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), such model is applicable even though there is lack of data and will help the municipality properly establish the annual service plan. The results show that ARIMA (6,1,0) model predicts monthly municipal solid waste generation with root mean square error equals to 0.0952 and the model forecast residuals are within accepted 95% confident interval.

The generation of solid waste has become an increasing environmental and public health problem, especially in developing countries. These problems associated with the generation of solid waste are part of social changes where households play an important role. Invariably, these social changes influence the size, structure and characteristics of given households. This paper presents the findings of a study carried out in Freetown municipal area in Sierra Leone to assess socioeconomic factors affecting household solid waste generation and composition in Freetown, Sierra Leone. Structured questionnaires were administered with respect to these socioeconomic factors in four (4) selected constituencies of the city. These are the most populated constituencies that generated 70% of the total quantity of solid waste in the city. Therefore, they are suitable samples of the study area. The rate of waste generation was determined by using door- to-door approach in five (5) selected households from each constituency through sorting and weighing of solid wastes respectively. The dependent variables were solid waste generation and composition, and the independent variables were family size, education, income levels among others. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis to determine relationships between independent variables and dependent variables through correlation. The results showed that the solid waste generation and composition in Freetown was significantly affected by average family size, employment status, monthly income, and number of room(s) occupied by households. In general, the paper adequately suggests new insights concerning the role of socioeconomic factors in affecting the generation and composition of household solid waste.

Solid waste generation has been a great concern for the developing countries like Bangladesh. Municipal solid waste (MSW) generation is increasing in the mega cities in Bangladesh due to rapid urbanisation and population growth. This study has been conducted in Sylhet City Corporation (SCC), Bangladesh. In this study, data and information including amount of generated waste and supporting facilities for waste management in SCC were collected from SCC authority and different scientific literatures. The objectives of this study were to make a clear sketch of the solid waste management process of SCC including waste generation, collection and disposal of that waste at dumpsite. Impact of this municipal solid waste on environment and different types of living species like human beings, animals and plants were also a part of this study. After analysis, it is clear that this municipal waste has a great negative impact on environment and living species. For that reason, some actions were suggested to be taken to minimise the effect of this solid waste on environment and living species.

The studies on the solid waste generation and characterization with their relationships with different determinants are limited in Nepal which helps in the implementation of the solid waste management approach. This study is focused on the quantification of the municipal solid waste (MSW) generation rate and its characterization in the Baglung Municipality, Nepal. Factors affecting MSW generation with perceptions towards the MSW management were also evaluated through household survey. The study was carried out in the month of January 2021 in four wards of urban zone in the municipality. The average waste generation rate in 188 households (HHs), 20 institutions, and 20 commercial sites were 0.43 kg/c/d, 0.83 kg/institute/day and 2.75 kg/commercial site/day, respectively. The largest component, which accounted for about 74% household waste, 75% institutional waste and 52% commercial waste composed of organic waste. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicates a significant variation in between MSW generation rate with respect to household size and type of days. Regarding affordability of MSW management, most of the households can be able to afford service fee ranged from US$ 0.5 to 1.0 (55.38%). Most of the households dispose of solid waste in the municipal vehicle. From this study, the residents of the municipality are suggested to prepare compost manure at the source for the minimization of waste volume to be transported and disposed of. Higher production of recyclable MSW depicts there is a possibility of revenue generation and importance of MSW management in community mobilization in the municipality.

In recent years, the topic of the effects of improper municipal solid waste management on health has gained worldwide concern. Due to a lack of funding and resources, this problem is seen to be more prevalent in developing nations than in developed nations. It has been demonstrated that solid waste creation, segregation procedures, storage facilities, collection schedules, and disposal techniques are not viable in developing nations. In these nations, open burning and careless dumping are frequent occurrences. Waste that is burned or dumped in the open poses’ major health and environmental hazards. They have resulted in serious contamination of the air, water, and land. Pollution from municipal solid waste raises disease morbidity and death. Hazardous wastes that are not managed pose a risk to human health. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate how poor municipal solid waste management affects the health strategy in Ara Municipal Corporation, Bihar. Regression analysis has been used to examine the relationship between the generation of solid waste and diseases. To determine how these factors affect human health, the study has included the generation and disposal of solid waste as independent variables and associated diseases as dependent variables. The research shows that poor waste management is strongly associated with negative health impacts, and diseases are strongly associated with the negative effects of solid waste generation and disposal. For waste management efforts and related research, it involves strengthening sectoral integration, stepping up advocacy, and obtaining funding. To fully comprehend how poor solid waste management affects human health strategy in Ara city, more study is essential.

FRIDA: A model for the generation and handling of solid waste in Denmark

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A key component of an Advanced Life Support (ALS) system is the solid waste handling system. One of the most important data sets for determining what solid waste handling technologies are needed is a solid waste model. A preliminary solid waste model based on a six-person crew was developed prior to the 2000 Solid Waste Processing and Resource Recovery (SWPRR) workshop. After the workshop, comments from the ALS community helped refine the model. Refinements included better estimates of both inedible plant biomass and packaging materials. Estimates for Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) waste, water processor brine solution, as well as the water contents for various solid wastes were included in the model refinement efforts. The wastes were re-categorized and the dry wastes were separated from wet wastes. This paper details the revised model as of the end of 2001. The packaging materials, as well as the biomass wastes, vary significantly between different proposed Mars missions. Waste generation rates depend highly on the types of ALS technologies used. Human solid wastes may also change between missions due to diet differences and levels of food closure. This model clearly demonstrates that the total waste generation rate is mission dependent.</div>

The global outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 has spurred a reassessment of Municipal Solid Waste management strategies and approaches. A significant need for sanitation and hygiene was accentuated for disease prevention and control with the onset of the pandemic. With an alteration of the status quo in waste management system, an unprecedented amount of face masks, protective equipment, and other biological wastes was generated in the form of Municipal Solid Waste . This upsurge of potentially infected wastes originated a risk of transmission amongst frontline workers. Furthermore, the potential contamination of Municipal Solid Waste was rendered as a legitimate threat due to improper collection practices, disposal and handling of solid waste. Several novel waste disposal techniques and waste management policies were also introduced during this period. However, the sanitation-policy making-occupational safety nexus remains inadequately explored under the prevalent COVID-19 scenario. Through the prism of shifting waste composition, this review offers a global assessment of existing solid waste management systems during the COVID-19 pandemic. The physiological and psychological hazards faced by the frontline workers were explored and instances of best-case and worst-case policies on solid waste handling were recorded. Modern methods of waste disposal and latest trends of policymaking were evaluated. A model study of unsupervised learning via Partition Around Medoids cluster analysis was undertaken to reveal underlying patterns of waste management policies. Although, the clusters were formed devoid of any socio-economic parameters, this study strives to indicate proof of concept and can serve as a precursor to advanced clustering studies.

Background – The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the rate of medical waste generation in hospitals. The amount of medical waste generated during the COVID-19 pandemic must be followed by the handling of solid medical waste by standard operating procedures. Improper handling of solid medical waste will harm the environment and human health. This study aimed to determine the solid medical waste management strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods – This descriptive observational study was conducted at X Hospital, Pasuruan Regency. Data was collected using observation, interviews and secondary data collection during 2020 and 2021. Interview respondents were the Head of the Medical Support Division, the K3RS and B3 Admin sections and the PPI team leader. Results – There was an increase in the amount of solid medical waste during the COVID-19 pandemic, from an average of 2,495.87 kg in 2020 and 2509.41 kg in 2021. This problem was overcome by a strategy in solid waste management during the COVID-19 pandemic. The strategy was carried out at the sorting and storage stage, namely by involving the PPI team directly in waste management and regular and scheduled training for all Hospital X staff which had not been carried out before the pandemic; at the collection stage, namely by adding garbage collection to 3 (three) times a day according to the guard shift by using PPE level 2; and the waste transportation stage, the strategy adopted is to add a third party medical waste from 1 (one) to 3 (three). Conclusion – There was a change in strategy in the management of solid medical waste at Hospital X, Pasuruan Regency during the Covid-19 pandemic, namely at the stages of sorting and storing, storing and transporting waste. However, at the temporary collection stage, there was no change.

It is necessary to assess solid waste generation to identify the rate by which we generate waste. A rapid increase in solid waste generation constitutes a significant challenge for developing countries such as Malaysia. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is the primary source of solid waste generated in Malaysia and covers 64% of the total waste composition. 45% of the average composition of Malaysian MSW is dominated by organic waste (e.g. food, vegetable and fruits). This is followed by recyclable waste (e.g. plastic, paper and metal) at 30% with the remaining made up of non-recyclable waste (e.g. polystyrene). The Fresh Market in Kundasang town, Sabah is a major contributor to the increase of organic waste generated in the Ranau district. As such, it has the potential to implement effective composting practices. This study was conducted to determine the total amount of organic waste generated as well as the organic waste generation rate in the Fresh Market. The sampling was conducted among 148 sellers in the Fresh Market over a period of two weeks (5th August - 18th August 2017). Total organic waste generation was 13,147.50kg, while the organic waste generation rate was 6.35kg/premise/day. The value for municipal solid waste generation recorded by Majlis Daerah Ranau (MDR) in three varied routes of Kundasang during August 2017 (Jalan Pekan Kundasang, Jalan Mesilou and Jalan Kota Kinabalu) were 17 tonnes, 15 tonnes and 13 tonnes respectively. This shows that the solid waste generated in Jalan Pekan Kundasang was the highest compare to Jalan Mesilou and Jalan Kota Kinabalu. This study presents the current status of organic waste generation which can serve as preliminary baseline information.

Municipal Solid Waste is a growing problem in urban areas of Sri Lanka and this problem is aggravated due to absence of proper solid waste management systems at Local Authorities. The management of solid waste requires in depth studies on waste generation and characterization. Thus, an evaluation study was conducted to assess the generation and composition of solid wastes in Thirukkovil Pradeshiya Sabha, Ampara district. Solid waste collected from households and shops by Local Authority were quantified. Then, collected samples were separated into different material categories of wastes. The questionnaire surveying covered 60 households in study area. Finally, data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS.The results manifested that the average waste generation per household is 2.24 kilogram. Approximately, 16.345 tons of solid waste were found to be generated per day by household sector and has contributed more than 45.64% of the total waste generation. Correlation study revealed that the household waste generation showed a moderate positive correlation (P<0.01) with monthly income and family size. The average composition of the household waste in weight basis is organic waste (92.94%), plastic (3.96%), metal (0.86%), glass (1.67%), and hazardous waste (0.57%). Average solid waste generation per shop is 1.56 kilogram. Approximately 74.88 kilogram of solid waste were generated per day and the average composition of the shop waste is organic waste (89.26%), plastic (9.10%), glass (0.94%), metal (0.62%), and hazardous waste (0.046%). The total solid waste collected by the Local Authority is 250.65 tons per week. The average composition of the solid waste collected by Local Authority was organic waste (93.69%), plastic (2.73%), glass (1.03%), metal (0.56%) and hazardous waste (1.96%). The biodegradable material can be utilized for compost making to reduce the materials at home level

Solid waste, these could be medical solid waste and non-medical solid waste. The solid waste need to be treated according to hospital’s solid waste management in Indonesia which regulated by Kepmenkes 1204 2004. The regulation was made to control environmental impact and the transmission of disease in the hospital. The janitors as the officer who directly handling solid waste management must have a good knowledge and attitute so it will affect their act. The aim of this study is to know the effect of janitor’s behavior to act of handling the solid waste management in RSUD Syamrabu BangkalanThe type of this study was analytical observational study using cross sectional design. Data were taken by observed the waste management and interviewed the janitors to understand their knowledge and attitude to the solid waste management. There were 49 janitors who were used as samples. Samples was taken using simple random sampling. Data then analysed by univariate and bivariate test using kendall tau as statistic test.The results showed that most of the janitors who have good knowledge good attitude were 77.55% while enough act were 63.2%. there is janitor’s knowledge and their act to handling medical solid waste. The janitors knowledge and attitude were good, but their act to handling medical solid waste need to be improved.The hospital should provide strict regulations regarding the handling of solid waste and training or socialization should be held for janitors about handling solid waste regularly.Keywords: hospital, janitor, solid waste management

Solid waste prediction is crucial for sustainable solid waste management. Usually, accurate waste generation record is challenge in developing countries which complicates the modelling process. Solid waste generation is related to demographic, economic, and social factors. However, these factors are highly varied due to population and economy growths. The objective of this research is to determine the most influencing demographic and economic factors that affect solid waste generation using systematic approach, and then develop a model to forecast solid waste generation using a modified Adaptive Neural Inference System (MANFIS). The model evaluation was performed using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and the coefficient of determination (R2). The results show that the best input variables are people age groups 0-14, 15-64, and people above 65 years, and the best model structure is 3 triangular fuzzy membership functions and 27 fuzzy rules. The model has been validated using testing data and the resulted training RMSE, MAE and R2 were 0.2678, 0.045 and 0.99, respectively, while for testing phase RMSE =3.986, MAE = 0.673 and R2 = 0.98.Implications: To date, a few attempts have been made to predict the annual solid waste generation in developing countries. This paper presents modeling of annual solid waste generation using Modified ANFIS, it is a systematic approach to search for the most influencing factors and then modify the ANFIS structure to simplify the model. The proposed method can be used to forecast the waste generation in such developing countries where accurate reliable data is not always available. Moreover, annual solid waste prediction is essential for sustainable planning.

Inadequate or harmful methods of handling solid waste pose threats to both the environment and public health. As the global population has grown, the production of waste has also increased significantly. Estimating future rates of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation might encourage analysis of gaps in the current waste management and more accurate planning techniques. The main objectives of this study were to assess current status of municipal solid waste management (MSWM): to plan future improvements, advise and promote sustainable waste management solutions, and to predict the quantity of MSW produced from 2025 to 2050 with population growth in Halabja province. The findings indicated that the mean solid waste generation reached 42 tons per day and 1.048 kg per capita per day in 2023.The generation rate (GR) from 2016 to 2023 has increased by 14.88%. The study predicted that the daily waste generation would arrive 306 tons/day and 1.0897 Kg/Capita/Day by 2050. In the Halabja city, an increase in MSW has caused environmental issues. As a result, the MSW disposal site had a significant negative impact on the surrounding areas, including air, water, and soil contamination. The situation of municipal solid waste management in the Halabja city was made clear in this article, and it also provided a thorough analysis and implications of the poor solid waste management in the research area.